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Contursi Terme
Contursi Terme
Comune
	Comune di Contursi Terme
	Coat of arms
	Location of Contursi Terme
	Contursi Terme Location of Contursi Terme in Italy Contursi Terme Contursi Terme (Campania)
	Coordinates: 40°38′N 15°14′E / 40.633°N 15.233°E
Country	Italy
Region	Campania
Province	Salerno (SA)
Frazioni	Bagni di Contursi, Pagliarini, Toppe, Piana, Monte di Pruno, Iannamici, Prato, Ponte Mefita, Saginara, San Pietro, Serroni
Government
• Mayor	Antonio Briscione
Area
• Total	28.90 km2 (11.16 sq mi)
Elevation	250 m (820 ft)
Population (31 August 2007)
• Total	3,281
• Density	110/km2 (290/sq mi)
Demonym	Contursini
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	84024
Dialing code	0828
Patron saint	Saint Donatus
Saint day	7 August
Website	Official website

Contursi Terme (Contursano: Cundurs) is a village and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy.

Early history

No secure identification of Contursi Terme, where ancient remains confirm a settlement at the confluence of the Tanagro (ancient Tanager) with the Sele, is likely. The Roman Ursentum noted in Pliny's Natural History (III.2), is more usually identified with Caggiano.^[3] The local historian A. Filomarino,^[4] based on etymologies of toponyms, placed the commune's origins as early as the fourth century AD, the result of efforts by the inhabitants of the former Saginara and Contursi to fortify a site that was destroyed by Alaric's Goths at the end of the fourth century. Under the Lombards it appears to have belonged to the gastaldate of Conza,^[5] when a fortress was built in 840 by Orso, count of Conza, from whom the stronghold probably took its name Castrum comitis Ursi, the "castle of count Orso")^[6] Orso took the part of his kinsman Siconulf of Salerno (839-51) in internecine wars with Radelchis I of Benevento, who had been a former gastaldo of Conza.

The later history of Contursi Termi^[7] formed a local part of the Principality of Salerno, which was retained as a title until the territory was divided in three by Charles II of Naples in 1287, Contursi passing to the prince of Citerione (or Citra) and held by the family Sanseverino. In 1348, Contursi was taken by Louis of Taranto, king of Naples by right of his wife Joanna; he passed the title to his adherents, the Origlia. In 1448 Antonio Sanseverino succeeded in reclaiming title to Contursi, but the Sanseverino heirs held it only until the early sixteenth century, under the Viceroys of Naples. From the seventeenth century the commune passed successively through a number of families, the Bernalli, Pepe, Ludovisi and Parisani Bonanno. The last to hold the contado before the reunification of Italy were the Pisani di Tolentino, marchesi di Caggiano.

The thermal springs

The thermal baths, insecurely linked to notices by Roman writers, were described in a manuscript Balnea Contursi of 1231;^[8] The fifteen thermal springs, with varying mineral content, have retained their curative reputation, for bathing, both in warm pools and in a cold plunge, and for drinking.

Parkinson's disease

Families from the village have played an important role in the understanding of Parkinson's disease. In 1986, Larry Golbe, a doctor based at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, came across a family with six Parkinson's patients, and found that they had originated in Contursi.^[9] A few months later he found a second family with several Parkinson's patients, who also had ancestors from the village.^[9] This prompted Golbe to collaborate with Giuseppe DiIorio at the University of Naples, to analyse the DNA from Contursani and people who had emigrated from the village across the world.^[9] They identified three families in Italy and three families in the US, all of whom were descendants from a single couple who lived in Contursi in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.^[9] Of 400 members of this extended family, known as the "Contursi kindred", 61 are known to have had Parkinson's.^[9] This showed for the first time that Parkinson's could be inherited.^[10]

Geneticists Alice Lazzarini and William Johnson worked through the early 1990s trying to isolate the mutation that caused the disease.^[9] In 1996, a team led by Mihael Polymeropoulos at the National Institutes of Health located by linkage analysis the Parkinson's disease gene of the Contursi kindred on the long arm of human chromosome 4.^[11] In 1997, the same team identified a point mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene in the Contursi kindred as well as Greek pedigrees with Parkinson's disease.^[12]^[13] The NIH team and a team led by Maria Grazia Spillantini reported on alpha-synuclein deposits in Lewy bodies as well as alpha-synuclein inclusions in other neurodegenerative disorders.^[14]^[15]

References

^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
^ All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute ISTAT
^ Megale Hellas: Glossario dei Toponomastica Antica
^ Filomarino, Contursi figlia di Saginara Rome, 1923.
^ Franco Pignata "Il Sentiero dei passi perduti"
^ Vito Lembo, op.cit.
^ The history is taken from Storia delle Termi and from Vito Lembo, historical notes in Per la Campania, December 1905 (on-line text).
^ The manuscript is conserved in the Archivio della Badia della SS. Trinità di Cava dei Tirreni (Storia delle termi).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Jacobs, Eve (2004). "Gene Hunter". UMDNJ Magazine. University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. Archived from the original on June 6, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
^ Golbe, LI; Di Iorio, G; Bonavita, V; Miller, DC; Duvoisin, RC; et al. (1990), "A large kindred with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease", Ann Neurol., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 276–82, doi:10.1002/ana.410270309, PMID 2158268, S2CID 31767548
^ Polymeropoulos MH, Higgins JJ, Golbe LI, Johnson WG, Ide SE, Di Iorio G, et al. (1996). "Mapping of a gene for Parkinson's disease to chromosome 4q21-q23". Science. 274 (5290): 1197–9. doi:10.1126/science.274.5290.1197. PMID 8895469. S2CID 25330514.
^ Polymeropoulos MH, Lavedan C, Leroy E, Ide SE, Dehejia A, Dutra A, et al. (1997). "Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease". Science. 276 (5321): 2045–7. doi:10.1126/science.276.5321.2045. PMID 9197268.
^ Polymeropoulos MH (2000). "Genetics of Parkinson's disease". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 920: 28–32. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.554.6455. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06901.x. PMID 11193165. S2CID 21926190.
^ Mezey E, Dehejia A, Harta G, Papp MI, Polymeropoulos MH, Brownstein MJ (1998). "Alpha synuclein in neurodegenerative disorders: murderer or accomplice?". Nat Med. 4 (7): 755–7. doi:10.1038/nm0798-755. PMID 9662355. S2CID 46196799.
^ Spillantini MG, Schmidt ML, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ, Jakes R, Goedert M (1997). "Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies". Nature. 388 (6645): 839–40. doi:10.1038/42166. PMID 9278044.