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Collared mangabey
Conservation status
	; Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	Cercopithecidae
Genus:	Cercocebus
Species:	C. torquatus
Binomial name
	Cercocebus torquatus; (Kerr, 1792)
	Geographic range

The collared mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus), also called red-capped mangabey and white-collared mangabey,^[3] is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae of Old World monkeys. It formerly included the sooty mangabey as a subspecies. As presently defined, the collared mangabey is monotypic.^[1]

Description

The collared mangabey has grey fur covering its body, but its common names refer to the colours on its head and neck.^[4] Its prominent chestnut-red cap gives it the name red-capped, and its white collar gives it the names collared and white-collared.^[4] Its ears are black and it has striking white eyelids, which is why some refer to it as the "four-eyed monkey".^[4] It has a dark grey tail that exceeds the length of the body and is often held with the white tip over its head.^[4] It has long molars and very large incisors.^[5] The average body mass for captive individuals ranges from 9 to 10 kg (20 to 22 lb) for males and 7.5 to 8.6 kg (17 to 19 lb) for females.^[5] Head-body length is 47–67 cm (19–26 in) in males and 45–60 cm (18–24 in) in females.^[4]

Distribution and habitat

The collared mangabey is found in coastal, swamp, mangrove, and valley forests, from western Nigeria, east and south into Cameroon, and throughout Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon, and on the Gabon-Congo border by the Atlantic shore.^[2]

Behavior and ecology

An adult female extends an arm through the cage mesh toward an experimenter who holds a raisin in her hands.

The collared mangabey lives in large groups of 10 to 35 individuals including several males.^[6] Vocal communication in the form of cackles and barks are used to keep the group in contact and signal their position to other groups. It has a diet of fruits and seeds, but also eats leaves, foliage, flowers, invertebrates, mushrooms, dung, and gum.^[5]^[6] The collared mangabey has no defined breeding season, it reaches sexual maturity at five to seven years, and has an average gestation period of 170 days.^[6]

Threats

In 2006, it was estimated that annually about 3,000 collared mangabeys are hunted in the Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests for the bushmeat trade.^[7]