Climate of Bihar

Climate of Bihar
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
12
 
 
24
9
 
 
9.9
 
 
26
11
 
 
12
 
 
32
16
 
 
24
 
 
37
21
 
 
56
 
 
37
24
 
 
165
 
 
36
26
 
 
325
 
 
33
25
 
 
276
 
 
33
25
 
 
217
 
 
32
25
 
 
83
 
 
32
21
 
 
6.4
 
 
29
15
 
 
6
 
 
25
10
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [1]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.5
 
 
74
49
 
 
0.4
 
 
79
53
 
 
0.5
 
 
90
61
 
 
0.9
 
 
98
70
 
 
2.2
 
 
99
75
 
 
6.5
 
 
96
78
 
 
13
 
 
91
78
 
 
11
 
 
91
78
 
 
8.5
 
 
90
77
 
 
3.3
 
 
89
71
 
 
0.3
 
 
84
59
 
 
0.2
 
 
77
51
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Located in eastern India, Bihar is the twelfth-largest Indian state, with an area of 94,163 km2 (36,357 mi2) and an average elevation of about 150 metres above mean sea level. The landlocked state shares a boundary with Nepal to the north, the state of West Bengal to the east, Jharkhand to the south, and Uttar Pradesh to the west.[2] Bihar lies in a subtropical temperate zone and its climatic type is humid subtropical.[3]

Classification

According to the Köppen climate classification, Bihar's climate mainly falls under subtropical monsoon, mild and dry winter, and hot summer (Cwa), except for southeastern parts of the state, such as Jamui, Banka, Munger, Lakhisarai, Khagaria, Shekhpura, some parts of Bhagalpur, Saharsa, and Begusarai. The southeastern part of the state is located in an extreme that falls under tropical savanna, hot, and seasonally dry (usually winter) (Aw).[4]

Seasons

Winter

Cold weather commences early in November and comes to an end in the middle of March.[5] The climate in October and November is pleasant. The days are bright and warm. As soon as the sun sets, the temperature falls and the heat of the day yields to a sharp bracing cold. Cold waves, locally known as Sheet-lahar, bring in the sharpness in winter and drastically drop the temperature in Bihar, disrupting lives of millions of poor people and also causing several deaths.[6][failed verification] The temperature in winter all over Bihar varies from 0–10 °C.[5] On 7 January 2013, in early morning, the mercury dipped to a record low of -2 °C in Forbesganj, 0 °C in Gopalganj, 0.2 °C in Jehanabad, 0.7 °C in Vaishali, -1 °C in Patna and Muzaffarpur, as well as other cities. December and January are the coldest months in Bihar.

Summer

Hot weather arrives in March and lasts until the middle of June. The highest temperature is often registered in May. Like the rest of northern India, Bihar also experiences dust storms, thunderstorms, and dust-raising winds during the hot season. Dust storms with a velocity of 48–64 km/hour are most frequent in May, followed by April and June. The hot winds (loo) of the Bihar plains blow during April and May, with an average velocity of 8–16 km/hour. The hot wind greatly affects human comfort during this season.

Rain (monsoon)

variation in rainfall across India

Monsoon season in Bihar is usually unpredictable and erratic. It begins in mid-June and continues until the end of September.[7]

Autumn (post-monsoon)

An important feature of the retreating monsoon season in Bihar is the invasion of tropical cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal at about 12° N latitude. Bihar is also influenced by typhoons originating in the South China Sea. The maximum frequency of the tropical cyclones occurs in September–November,[7] especially during the asterism called hathiya. These cyclones are essential for the maturing of rice paddies and are required for the moistening of the soil for the cultivation of rabi crops.

Statistics

Temperature

Average temperatures in various cities of Bihar (°C)[8][9][10][11]
— Winter
(Jan – Feb) 		Summer
(Mar – May) 		Monsoon
(Jun – Sep) 		Post-monsoon
(Oct – Dec) 		Year-round
City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg
Patna 16 19 25 30 31 31 29 29 28 26 22 17 26
Arrah 16 18 24 30 31 30 29 28 29 26 21 17 25
Darbhanga 16 18 23 28 29 29 29 28 28 26 21 17 25

Precipitation

Average precipitation in various cities of Bihar (mm)[8][9][10][11]
— Winter
(Jan – Feb) 		Summer
(Mar – May) 		Monsoon
(Jun – Sep) 		Post-monsoon
(Oct – Dec) 		Year-round
City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
Patna 10 --- 10 --- 40 120 220 260 170 70 10 --- 990
Gaya 20 19 12 7 21 137 314 328 206 53 10 4 1130
Arrah 10 10 10 --- 30 180 290 330 210 50 --- --- 1180
Darbhanga 10 10 10 10 60 190 300 340 230 50 --- --- 1260

Climate data

Climate data for Patna (Köppen Cwa)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.0
(86.0) 		35.1
(95.2) 		41.4
(106.5) 		44.6
(112.3) 		45.6
(114.1) 		46.6
(115.9) 		41.2
(106.2) 		39.7
(103.5) 		37.5
(99.5) 		37.2
(99.0) 		34.1
(93.4) 		30.5
(86.9) 		46.6
(115.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.4
(72.3) 		26.0
(78.8) 		32.2
(90.0) 		37.0
(98.6) 		37.4
(99.3) 		36.4
(97.5) 		33.0
(91.4) 		32.9
(91.2) 		32.5
(90.5) 		31.9
(89.4) 		29.0
(84.2) 		24.5
(76.1) 		31.3
(88.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 9.3
(48.7) 		12.1
(53.8) 		16.7
(62.1) 		22.1
(71.8) 		25.1
(77.2) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.3
(79.3) 		26.3
(79.3) 		25.5
(77.9) 		21.5
(70.7) 		15.1
(59.2) 		10.5
(50.9) 		19.8
(67.6)
Record low °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0) 		3.4
(38.1) 		8.2
(46.8) 		13.3
(55.9) 		17.7
(63.9) 		19.3
(66.7) 		21.1
(70.0) 		20.5
(68.9) 		19.0
(66.2) 		12.0
(53.6) 		7.7
(45.9) 		2.2
(36.0) 		1.1
(34.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 11.1
(0.44) 		14.0
(0.55) 		9.5
(0.37) 		12.7
(0.50) 		43.7
(1.72) 		162.5
(6.40) 		354.4
(13.95) 		277.8
(10.94) 		197.7
(7.78) 		49.1
(1.93) 		7.2
(0.28) 		6.1
(0.24) 		1,145.8
(45.11)
Average rainy days 1.2 1.3 0.7 1.0 2.9 6.9 14.3 12.5 9.5 2.9 0.5 0.6 54.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 65 52 37 32 42 59 75 75 76 68 67 69 60
Mean monthly sunshine hours 207.7 228.8 260.4 264.0 272.8 192.0 130.2 151.9 162.0 238.7 240.0 201.5 2,550
Mean daily sunshine hours 6.7 8.1 8.4 8.8 8.8 6.4 4.2 4.9 5.4 7.7 8.0 6.5 7.0
Average ultraviolet index 6 7 9 11 12 12 12 12 11 8 6 5 9
Source 1: India Meteorological Department (sun 1971–2000)[12][13][14]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[15]
Climate data for Gaya (Köppen Cwa)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 31.7
(89.1) 		36.1
(97.0) 		42.1
(107.8) 		45.0
(113.0) 		47.1
(116.8) 		47.9
(118.2) 		43.7
(110.7) 		42.3
(108.1) 		42.3
(108.1) 		37.2
(99.0) 		35.0
(95.0) 		31.1
(88.0) 		47.9
(118.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.0
(73.4) 		26.7
(80.1) 		32.8
(91.0) 		38.7
(101.7) 		39.8
(103.6) 		37.8
(100.0) 		33.4
(92.1) 		32.9
(91.2) 		32.6
(90.7) 		31.6
(88.9) 		28.8
(83.8) 		24.9
(76.8) 		31.9
(89.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.7
(47.7) 		11.6
(52.9) 		16.1
(61.0) 		21.8
(71.2) 		25.4
(77.7) 		26.7
(80.1) 		25.6
(78.1) 		25.4
(77.7) 		24.6
(76.3) 		20.5
(68.9) 		14.2
(57.6) 		9.7
(49.5) 		19.2
(66.6)
Record low °C (°F) 1.5
(34.7) 		2.7
(36.9) 		7.8
(46.0) 		12.9
(55.2) 		14.1
(57.4) 		18.3
(64.9) 		16.7
(62.1) 		18.5
(65.3) 		17.5
(63.5) 		12.2
(54.0) 		6.1
(43.0) 		1.4
(34.5) 		1.4
(34.5)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 13.9
(0.55) 		16.0
(0.63) 		10.7
(0.42) 		11.3
(0.44) 		32.5
(1.28) 		157.6
(6.20) 		306.0
(12.05) 		266.0
(10.47) 		177.3
(6.98) 		56.0
(2.20) 		9.5
(0.37) 		4.9
(0.19) 		1,061.6
(41.80)
Average rainy days 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 2.5 7.1 14.2 13.6 8.8 2.5 0.6 0.5 54.4
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 55 47 31 25 35 54 76 77 76 66 56 58 54
Source: India Meteorological Department[16][17]
Climate data for Bhagalpur (Köppen Cwa)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 31.9
(89.4) 		35.8
(96.4) 		42.6
(108.7) 		45.3
(113.5) 		46.4
(115.5) 		46.0
(114.8) 		42.3
(108.1) 		39.7
(103.5) 		38.6
(101.5) 		40.0
(104.0) 		37.4
(99.3) 		32.2
(90.0) 		46.4
(115.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.0
(73.4) 		27.1
(80.8) 		33.4
(92.1) 		37.6
(99.7) 		37.5
(99.5) 		36.4
(97.5) 		33.3
(91.9) 		33.4
(92.1) 		33.2
(91.8) 		32.7
(90.9) 		29.6
(85.3) 		24.9
(76.8) 		31.9
(89.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12.4
(54.3) 		15.4
(59.7) 		20.6
(69.1) 		24.2
(75.6) 		26.0
(78.8) 		27.2
(81.0) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.4
(79.5) 		23.9
(75.0) 		19.1
(66.4) 		14.2
(57.6) 		21.9
(71.4)
Record low °C (°F) 4.2
(39.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		10.8
(51.4) 		13.1
(55.6) 		14.5
(58.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		22.4
(72.3) 		20.1
(68.2) 		21.5
(70.7) 		15.4
(59.7) 		11.1
(52.0) 		3.9
(39.0) 		3.9
(39.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 13.6
(0.54) 		9.4
(0.37) 		9.4
(0.37) 		23.9
(0.94) 		75.6
(2.98) 		201.7
(7.94) 		300.8
(11.84) 		256.5
(10.10) 		217.2
(8.55) 		85.5
(3.37) 		5.2
(0.20) 		7.5
(0.30) 		1,206.3
(47.49)
Average rainy days 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.8 4.7 8.9 14.0 11.7 9.6 3.4 0.5 0.7 58.5
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 70 58 47 45 55 68 78 77 77 71 67 70 65
Source: India Meteorological Department[18][19]

Disasters

Floods

A view of the 2008 Bihar flood
Main article: Floods in Bihar
See also: 2008 Bihar flood and 2007 Bihar flood

The total numbers of deaths due to flooding in Bihar between 1979 and 2006 were: human deaths 5,874; animal deaths 19,044.[20][21]

Bihar is India's most flood-prone state, with 76% of the population in northern Bihar living under the recurring threat of flood devastation.[22] According to some historical data, 16.5% of the total flood-affected area in India is located in Bihar, while 22.1% of the flood-affected population in India lives in Bihar.[23] About 68,800 square kilometres (26,600 sq mi) out of a total geographical area of 94,160 square kilometres (36,360 sq mi), comprising 73.06% of the state, is flood-affected. Floods in Bihar are a recurring disaster which on an annual basis destroys thousands of human lives[This disagrees with the statistic quoted above], apart from livestock and assets worth millions.[millions of which currency? Millions of rupees is not impressive.][22]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Climate of Bihar" (PDF). Climatological Summaries of States. No. 18. India Meteorological Department. pp. 60–65.
  2. ^ "Bihar | History, Map, Population, Government, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  3. ^ Singh, Pradyuman (19 January 2021). Bihar General Knowledge Digest. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN 978-93-5266-769-7.
  4. ^ "Climate of Bihar" (PDF). Climatological Summaries of States. No. 18. India Meteorological Department. p. 41.
  5. ^ a b "Climate of Bihar, Bihar Climate, Bihar Temperature, Bihar Weather, Bihar Environment". Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 23 November 2008.
  6. ^ "Cold wave in Bihar - India Environment Portal | News, reports, documents, blogs, data, analysis on environment & development | India, South Asia".
  7. ^ a b "Soil and Climate of Bihar". Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  8. ^ a b "Country Guide: India". BBC Weather. Archived from the original on 25 May 2005. Retrieved 23 March 2007.
  9. ^ a b "Weatherbase". Archived from the original on 22 March 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
  10. ^ a b "Wunderground". Weather Underground. Archived from the original on 21 March 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
  11. ^ a b "Weather.com". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on 23 March 2007. Retrieved 23 March 2007.
  12. ^ "Station: Patna Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 601–602. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  13. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  14. ^ "Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India" (PDF). Daily Normals of Global & Diffuse Radiation (1971–2000). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  15. ^ "Climate and monthly weather forecast Patna, India". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  16. ^ "Station: Gaya Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 285–286. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  17. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M34. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  18. ^ "Station: Bhagalpur Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 127–128. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  19. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  20. ^ Disaster Management in Bihar Archived 23 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ Disaster Management in Bihar - Statistics Archived 19 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ a b Flood Management Information System – History of Flood in Bihar Archived 19 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ India Water Portal – Bihar Floods 2008 Archived 1 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine

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هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (مارس 2023) أنتراتسيت    علم شعار الاسم الرسمي (بالأوكرانية: Антрацит)‏  الإحداثي�...

 

 

NGC 2438

Planetary nebula in the constellation Puppis NGC 2438Emission nebulaPlanetary nebulaObservation data: J2000.0 epochRight ascension07h 41m 50.51986s[1]Declination−14° 44′ 07.4843″[1]Distance1,370 ± 130 ly (420 ± 40 pc)[1] lyApparent magnitude (V)+10.8Apparent dimensions (V)1.1 arcminsConstellationPuppisNotable featuresSuperimposed on Messier 46DesignationsH IV.39, FC 87, PK 231+4.2See also: Lists of nebul...

Battle of 73 Easting

Tank battle fought on 26 February 1991, during the Gulf War Battle of 73 EastingPart of the Gulf WarDestroyed Iraqi Type 69 tankDate26–27 February 1991LocationSoutheastern Iraq29°50′43″N 46°47′27″E / 29.84528°N 46.79083°E / 29.84528; 46.79083Result Coalition victoryBelligerents United States United Kingdom  IraqCommanders and leaders Norman Schwarzkopf Frederick Franks Thomas G. Rhame[1] Rupert Smith[2] Salah Aboud Mahmoud Saheb Moham...

 

 

Eadbald dari Kent

EadbaldKoin Eadbald dari KentRaja KentBerkuasa24 Februari 616 – 20 Januari 640PendahuluÆthelberhtPenerusEorcenberhtInformasi pribadiKematian20 Januari 640AyahÆthelberhtIbuBerthaPasanganEmma dari AustrasiaAnakEormenredEorcenberhtSanta Eanswith Eadbald (bahasa Inggris Kuno: Ēadbald) adalah Raja Kent dari 616 sampai kematiannya pada 640. Ia adalah putra dari pasangan Raja Æthelberht dan istrinya Bertha, seorang putri dari raja Merovingian Charibert.[1] Æthelberht membuat ...

 

 

Clinton, Iowa

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Clinton, Iowa – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) City in Iowa, United StatesClinton, IowaCityTop row: Eagle Point Park, Clinton County Courthouse; Second row: Mark Morris Memorial Bridge, Thir...

Fanny Navarro

Argentine actress Fanny NavarroNavarro in 1941Born(1920-06-01)June 1, 1920Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDiedMarch 18, 1971(1971-03-18) (aged 50)Buenos Aires, ArgentinaNationalityArgentinianOccupationActress Fanny Navarro (1 June 1920 - 18 March 1971) was an Argentine actress. She starred in films such Melodías porteñas (1937), Doce mujeres (1939), Ambición (1939), El hijo del barrio (1940), Hogar, dulce hogar (1941), Dos ángeles y un pecador (1945), Marihuana (1950), Deshonra (1952), Marta ...

 

 

Pertempuran Okinawa

Pertempuran OkinawaBagian dari Perang Pasifik, Perang Dunia IIDua Marinir dari Batalyon ke-2, Resimen Marinir ke-1 saat bertempur di Bukit Wana selama Pertempuran Okinawa, Mei 1945Tanggal1 April – 22 Juni 1945LokasiPulau Okinawa dan Prefektur Okinawa, Kepulauan Ryukyu, Kekaisaran JepangHasil Kemenangan SekutuPihak terlibat Angkatan Darat: Amerika SerikatDukungan Angkatan Laut: Britania Raya  Australia Selandia Baru Kanada Kekaisaran JepangTokoh dan pemimpin Simon B....