However, Smothers was a Republican in 1970, when he had run unsuccessfully in District 12 for the Texas House; he was defeated by the Democrat Sam Coats. In that same election George Herbert Walker Bush lost the U.S. Senate race to Democrat Lloyd Bentsen, and Republican gubernatorial nominee Paul Eggers failed to unseat Preston Smith in their second consecutive match.[3]
Background
Smothers was the fourth of five children born and reared in Malakoff in Henderson County in East Texas, where his parents, James William Smothers (1896–1975) and the former Alice Olenza Wingfield (1899–2000), ran the St. Paul Industrial Training School, the only African-American orphanage and school in Texas that operated without federal funds. The institution housed many homeless youth over the years.[3] It remains operational.[4]
Smothers graduated from the historically blackPrairie View A&M University in Waller County, Texas. He and his wife, Barbara, lived for several years in Chicago, Illinois, where he was a teacher and special law-enforcement officer involved in the control of youth gangs. He served on MayorRichard J. Daley's Commission on Youth Welfare. He and Barbara returned to Texas in 1964. He first worked in the St. Paul orphanage but in the late 1960s moved to Dallas, where he operated a grocery store in the South Oak Cliff neighborhood. He became news editor of the Dallas radio station KNOK-AM,[3] from which he had to step down while running for office. He also wrote newspaper columns[5] highlighting the theme of Americanism and opposition to what he called "extremist groups on the left and right."[3]
Political life
National
In 1972, Smothers surfaced to national attention as an alternate delegate for then GovernorGeorge Wallace at the Democratic National Convention.[6] Without any expectation of success, Smothers nominated himself for vice president to run with nominee George McGovern but polled support from only seventy-four delegates, a number still more than twice that received by GovernorJimmy Carter of Georgia, the 1976 Democratic presidential nominee who was not an announced candidate for vice-president.[7]
Smothers lost the runoff election for Dallas City Council Place 8 to Lucy Patterson in 1973.[9] The large number of Black voters at the polls are partially credited for Patterson's win, especially in South Dallas and Southeast Oak Cliff. Officials speculated that Black voters were responding to Smothers longstanding anti-busing position.[10]
Smothers was elected to the first of his two terms in the Texas legislature in 1976, when Jimmy Carter became the thus far last Democrat to win the electoral votes of Texas. After some four months in office, the Austin American-Statesman reported on May 20, 1977, that Smothers had been named "Freshman of the Year" of the 65th legislative session by his colleagues. However, that same year Texas Monthly magazine named him to its "Ten Worst List" of legislators.[2]
In his first House term, Smothers spoke against ratification of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution, as well as gay rights and abortion at a 1977 pro-family rally held in Houston in opposition to feminist causes. Rejecting the argument equating gay rights to civil rights, he emphatically declared, "I have had enough civil rights to choke a hungry goat! I ask for victory over the perverts in this country! I want the right to segregate my family from these misfits and perverts," Smothers told the large gathering in the Astrodome.[11]
In 1977, Smothers was one of eight House members named to the select committee Child Pornography: Its Related Causes and Control. Three non-legislators were also appointed, including later Houston MayorBob Lanier and Margaret Formby of Hereford, the founder of the National Cowgirl Hall of Fame in Fort Worth.[12] In his second term, Smothers served on the House Elections Committee with Tom DeLay. of Sugar Land, later a high-ranking Republican member of the United States House of Representatives.[13] He was vice chairman in that same session of the House Liquor Regulation Committee.[14] In 1977, Smothers proposed without success a state constitutional amendment to double the length of House terms from two to four years.[15]
In 1979, Smothers opposed the bill to create Juneteenth as a Texas state holiday observing the end of slavery in the state. Smothers belittled the observance as mere "ceremoniously grinning and bursting watermelons on the Capitol grounds" and "a fraudulent holiday".[16]
In 1978, Smothers was awarded the American Patriots Medal by Freedoms Foundation of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. He was selected from several thousand nominees by a panel of thirty persons, one-third of whom were justices of state supreme courts. The previous winner of the medal had been the western singer, actor, and businessman Gene Autry.[5]
After his legislative service, Smothers resumed the management of the St. Paul Industrial Training School in Malakoff. In January 1982, he was briefly jailed for aggravated assault after an altercation at a bait stand in Caney City near Malakoff. He told law enforcement officers that he had just returned from Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, where he had undergone surgery.[19]
Smothers died in 2004 at the age of sixty-nine, and was buried at Lincoln Memorial Park in Dallas, TX. The names of his children are unknown except for Clay, II, who died of lung cancer at the age of fifty-five in 2013; and Kinney Lee Fields, a 2016 Republican primary candidate for the District 3 seat on the Dallas County Commissioners Court
.
^Jane Lee, "Black Delegate for Wallace to Speak Here", Lawrence, Kansas, Daily Journal, November 1, 1972, p. 1
^James W. McCulla, "It's Eagleton of Missouri in 2nd Spot", Milwaukee Journal, July 14, 1972, pp. 1-2
^Jann S. Wenner, ed., Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing at Rolling Stone: The Essential Writing of Hunter S. Thompson (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), p. 232; ISBN9781439165959
^Tatum, Henry (April 18, 1973). "CCA Candidates Win". Dallas Morning News. p. 1. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
