Medical condition
Classification of sleep disorders comprises systems for classifying medical disorders associated with sleep . Systems have changed, increasingly using technological discoveries to advance the understanding of sleep and recognition of sleep disorders.
Three systems of classification are in use worldwide: the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM ), and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD). The ICD and DSM lump different disorders together, while the ICSD tends to split related disorders into multiple discrete categories. There has, over the last 60 years, occurred a slow confluence of the three systems of classification.[ 1] The validity and reliability of various sleep disorders are yet to be proved and need further research within the ever-changing field of sleep medicine .
Classification systems
Systems for the classification of sleep disorders are used to classify medical disorders related to human sleep patterns. Three systems of classification are in use worldwide:[ 2]
The ICD and DSM lump different disorders together, while the ICSD tends to split related disorders into multiple discrete categories. There has, over the last 60 years, occurred a slow confluence of the three major classification systems.[ 1]
History
Milestones
The first book on sleep[citation needed ] was published in 1830 by Robert MacNish ; it described sleeplessness , nightmares , sleepwalking and sleep-talking . Narcolepsy , hypnogogic hallucination , wakefulness and somnolence were mentioned by other authors of the nineteenth century. Westphal , in 1877, described first case of narcolepsy, the name coined later by Gelineu in 1880 in association with cataplexy . Lehermitte called it paroxysmal hypersomnia in 1930 to differentiate it from prolonged hypersomnia. Roger in 1932 coined the term parasomnia and classified hypersomnia, insomnia and parasomnia.[ 3] Kleitman in 1939 recognized types of parasomnias as nightmares, night terrors , somniloquy (sleep-talking), somnambulism (sleepwalking), grinding of teeth , jactatians, enuresis , delirium , nonepileptic convulsions and personality dissociation.[ 4] Broughton in 1968 developed classification of the arousal disorders as confusional arousals: night terrors and sleep walking.[ 5] Insomnias were classified as primary and secondary until 1970 when they were recognized as symptoms of other disorders. Sir William Osler in 1906 correlated snoring , obesity and somnolence (sleepiness) to Dicken's description of Joe. Charles Burwell in 1956 recognized obstructive sleep apnea as Pickwickian syndrome .[ 6] Circadian rhythm sleep disorders were discovered in 1981 by Weitzman as delayed sleep phase syndrome in contrast to advanced sleep phase syndrome in 1979.[ 7]
Evolution of classifications of sleep disorders
Classification of sleep disorders, as developed in the 19th century, used primarily three categories: insomnia , hypersomnia and nightmare . In the 20th century, increasingly in the last half of it, technological discoveries led to rapid advances in the understanding of sleep and recognition of sleep disorders. Major sleep disorders were defined following the development of electroencephalography (EEG) in 1924 by Hans Berger .
Year
ICSD
ICD
DSM
Development
1955
ICD-7 R[ 8]
Disturbance of sleep was seen as a symptom of other diseases
1965
ICD-8 [ 9]
Recognized as both a disease and a symptom of other diseases
1968
DSM-II
Disorder of Sleep as an independent category
1975
ICD-9 [ 10]
Organic sleep disorder, nonorganic sleep disorder and as symptom of other diseases
1979
Nosology
Clinical classification into four major groups: Disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) - Insomnias, Disorder of Excessive sleep (DOES) - Hypersomnias, Disorder of sleep-wake schedule (Circadian rhythm disorders) and Parasomnias
1980
ICD-CM
DSM-III
Manifestation of other disorders with physical manifestation, as Sleep walking and Sleep terror
1987
DSM-III-R
Sleep Disorders were classified into dysomnias and parasomnias.
1990
ICSD
Expanded previous system into Dysomnias, Parasomnias, Symptomatic and Proposed disorder of sleep
1990
ICD-10 [ 11]
Organic sleep disorders included under nervous system disorder, nonorganic under psychiatric disorders and a third category as manifestation of other diseases
1994
DSM-IV
Dyssomnias, Parasomnias, Manifestation of mental disorders and Other
1997
ICSD-R
First detailed classification of various sleep disorders
Dyssomnias
Intrinsic Sleep Disorders
Extrinsic Sleep Disorders
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
Parasomnias
Arousal Disorders
Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders
Parasomnias Usually Associated with REM Sleep
Other Parasomnias
Sleep Disorders Associated with Mental, Neurologic, or Other Medical Disorders
Associated with Mental Disorders
Associated with Neurologic Disorders
Associated with Other Medical Disorders
4. Proposed Sleep Disorders
2000
DSM-IV-TR
Primary sleep disorders
Dyssomnias
Insomnias
Hypersomnias
Recurrent Hypersomnias
Narcolepsy
Breathing related sleep disorder
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders
Movement disorder of sleep
Parasomnias
Secondary sleep disorders associated with other mental disorders and substance use.
2005
ICSD-2
Most extensive classification of sleep disorders
2010
ICD-10-CM [ 12]
Three major categories, F51 as nonorganic sleep disorders, G47 organic sleep disorders and R- as symptoms of sleep disorders
2013
ICSD-3
DSM-V
Lumping and splitting of sleep disorders and concordance of two systems
2015
ICD-11 Beta[ 13]
Proposed beta version yet to be finalized in line with ICDS3 and DSM V
Validity and reliability
Diagnoses of sleep disorders are based on self-assessment questionnaires, clinical interview, physical examination and laboratory procedures. The validity and reliability of various sleep disorders are yet to be proved and need further research within the ever-changing field of sleep medicine . Admittedly, the development of sleep disorder classification remains as much an art as it is a science.[ 1]
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD)
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) was produced by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) in association with the European Sleep Research Society, the Japanese Society of Sleep Research, and the Latin American Sleep Society. The classification was developed as a revision and update of the Diagnostic Classification of Sleep and Arousal Disorders (DCSAD) that was produced by both the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers (ASDC) and the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep and was published in the journal Sleep in 1979.[ 14] [ 15]
Disorder of initiating and maintain sleep (DIMS) - Insomnias
Disorder of Excessive sleep (DOES) - Hypersomnias
Disorder of sleep wake schedule
Parasomnias
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) uses a multiaxial system for stating and coding diagnoses both in clinical reports or for data base purposes. The axial system uses International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9- CM) coding wherever possible. Additional codes are included for procedures and physical signs of particular interest to sleep disorders clinicians and researchers. Diagnoses and procedures are listed and coded on three main "axes." The axial system is arranged as follows:[ 16]
Axis A ICSD Classification of Sleep Disorders
Axis B ICD-9-CM Classification of Procedures
Axis C ICD-9-CM Classification of Diseases (nonsleep diagnoses).
ICSD - I Revised 1997
[ 16]
Dyssomnias
Intrinsic Sleep Disorders
Extrinsic Sleep Disorders
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
Parasomnias
Arousal Disorders
Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders
Parasomnias Usually Associated with REM Sleep
Other Parasomnias
Sleep Disorders Associated with Mental, Neurologic, or Other Medical Disorders
Associated with Mental Disorders
Associated with Neurologic Disorders
Associated with Other Medical Disorders
Proposed Sleep Disorders
ICSD 2 is tabulated in the main article International Classification of Sleep Disorders
ICSD - 3
The last edition of ICSD-3 is a unified classification of sleep disorders. It includes seven major categories: insomnia disorders, sleep-related breathing disorders, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, parasomnias, and other sleep disorders. Each of these categories has several subgroups:[ 17]
Chronic insomnia disorder
Short-term insomnia disorder
Other insomnia disorder
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) disorders
OSA, adult
OSA, pediatric
Central sleep apnea syndromes
Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Central sleep apnea due to a medical disorder without Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Central sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathing
Central sleep apnea due to a medication or substance
Primary central sleep apnea
Primary central sleep apnea of infancy
Primary central sleep apnea of prematurity
Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea
Sleep-related hypoventilation disorders
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
Late-onset central hypoventilation with hypothalamic dysfunction
Idiopathic central alveolar hypoventilation
Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medication or substance
Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medical disorder
Sleep-related hypoxemia disorder
Isolated symptoms and normal variants
Narcolepsy type 1
Narcolepsy type 2
Idiopathic hypersomnia
Kleine-Levin syndrome
Hypersomnia due to a medical disorder
Hypersomnia due to a medication or substance
Hypersomnia associated with a psychiatric disorder
Insufficient sleep syndrome
Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder
Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder
Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder
Non-24-h sleep-wake rhythm disorder
Shift work disorder
Jet lag disorder
Circadian sleep-wake disorder not otherwise specified
Restless legs syndrome
Periodic limb movement disorder
Sleep-related leg cramps
Sleep-related bruxism
Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder
Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy
Propriospinal myoclonus at sleep onset
Sleep-related movement disorder due to a medical disorder
Sleep-related movement disorder due to a medication or substance
Sleep-related movement disorder, unspecified
Isolated symptoms and normal variants
Excessive fragmentary myoclonus
Hypnagogic foot tremor and alternating leg muscle activation
Sleep starts (hypnic jerks)
NREM-related parasomnias
Confusional arousals
Sleepwalking
Sleep terrors
Sleep-related eating disorder
REM-related parasomnias
REM sleep behavior disorder
Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
Nightmare disorder
Other parasomnias
Exploding head syndrome
Sleep-related hallucinations
Sleep enuresis
Parasomnia due to a medical disorder
Parasomnia due to a medication or substance
Parasomnia, unspecified
Isolated symptoms and normal variants
Sleep talking
International Classification of Disease (ICD)
780.7 Disturbance of sleep[ 8]
[ 9]
306.4 Specific disorder of sleep
780.6 Disturbance of sleep
[ 10]
327 Organic sleep disorders
327.0 Organic disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep [organic insomnia]
327.00 Organic insomnia, unspecified
327.01 Insomnia due to medical condition classified elsewhere
327.02 Insomnia due to mental disorder
327.09 Other organic insomnia
327.1 Organic disorder of excessive somnolence [organic hypersomnia]
327.10 Organic hypersomnia, unspecified
327.11 Idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time
327.12 Idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time
327.13 Recurrent hypersomnia
327.14 Hypersomnia due to medical condition classified elsewhere
327.15 Hypersomnia due to mental disorder
327.19 Other organic hypersomnia
327.2 Organic sleep apnea
327.20 Organic sleep apnea, unspecified
327.21 Primary central sleep apnea
327.22 High altitude periodic breathing
327.23 Obstructive sleep apnea (adult)(pediatric)
327.24 Idiopathic sleep related non-obstructive alveolar hypoventilation
327.25 Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
327.26 Sleep related hypoventilation/hypoxemia in conditions classifiable elsewhere
327.27 Central sleep apnea in conditions classified elsewhere
327.29 Other organic sleep apnea
327.3 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
327.30 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, unspecified
327.31 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, delayed sleep phase type
327.32 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, advanced sleep phase type
327.33 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, irregular sleep-wake type
327.34 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, free-running type
327.35 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, jet lag type
327.36 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, shift work type
327.37 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder in conditions classified elsewhere
327.39 Other circadian rhythm sleep disorder
327.4 Organic parasomnia
327.40 Organic parasomnia, unspecified
327.41 Confusional arousals
327.42 REM sleep behavior disorder
327.43 Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
327.44 Parasomnia in conditions classified elsewhere
327.49 Other organic parasomnia
327.51 Periodic limb movement disorder
327.52 Sleep related leg cramps
327.53 Sleep related bruxism
327.59 Other organic sleep related movement disorders
327.8 Other organic sleep disorders
307.4 Specific disorders of sleep of nonorganic origin
307.40 Nonorganic sleep disorder, unspecified
307.41 Transient disorder of initiating or maintaining sleep
307.42 Persistent disorder of initiating or maintaining sleep
307.43 Transient disorder of initiating or maintaining wakefulness
307.44 Persistent disorder of initiating or maintaining wakefulness
307.45 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder of nonorganic origin
307.46 Sleep arousal disorder
307.47 Other dysfunctions of sleep stages or arousal from sleep
307.48 Repetitive intrusions of sleep
307.49 Other specific disorders of sleep of nonorganic origin
780.5 Sleep disturbances
780.50 Sleep disturbance, unspecified
780.51 Insomnia with sleep apnea, unspecified
780.52 Insomnia, unspecified
780.53 Hypersomnia with sleep apnea, unspecified
780.54 Hypersomnia, unspecified
780.55 Disruption of 24 hour sleep wake cycle, unspecified
780.56 Dysfunctions associated with sleep stages or arousal from sleep
780.57 Unspecified sleep apnea
780.58 Sleep related movement disorder, unspecified
780.59 Other sleep disturbances
292.85 Drug induced sleep disorders
ICD-NA (1997)
[ 18]
G47 Sleep disorders
Excl.: nocturnal myoclonus (G25.80), nightmares (F51.5), nonorganic sleep disorders (F51.-), sleep terrors (F51.4), sleepwalking (F51.3)
G47.0 Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep [insomnias], Excl. altitudinal insomnia (T70.2)
G47.1 Disorders of excessive somnolence [hypersomnias]
G47.2 Disorders of the sleep-wake schedule
G47.20 Transient sleep wake schedule disorder
G47.21 Advanced sleep phase disorder
G47.22 Delayed sleep phase syndromes
G47.23 Irregular sleep-wake pattern
G47.24 Non 24 hour sleep wake cycle
G47.28 Other disorder of sleep wake schedule
G47.3 Sleep apnoea
Sleep related respiratory failure (ondine)
Excl. pickwickian syndrome (E66.2), sleep apnoea of newborn (P28.3)
G47.30 Alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
G47.31 Central sleep apnoea
G47.32 Obstructive sleep apnoea
G47.38 Other sleep apnoea
G47.4 Narcolepsy and cataplexy
G47.40 Narcolepsy
G47.41 Cataplexy
G47.42 Sleep paralysis
G47.43 Hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucination
G47.44 Any combination of narcolepsy, cataplexy, Sleep paralysis, Hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucination
G47.48 Other forms of narcolepsy and cataplexy
G47.8 Other sleep disorders
Excl: Other sudden death, cause unknown (R96-)
Sleep apnoea (G47.3)
newborn (R96.-)
Sudden infant death syndrome (R95)
G47.80 Other REM sleep related parasomnias
Excl. nightmares (F51.5), Sleep paralysis (G47.42 )
G47.800 REM sleep related behavior disorder (phantasmagorias)
G47.801 Impaired REM sleep related non painful penile erection
G47.802 REM sleep related painful penile erection
G47.803 REM sleep related cardiac sinus arrest
G47.804 REM sleep related headache (use additional code if required to indicate type of headache)
G47.81 Other non REM sleep related parasomnias
Excl: benign neonatal sleep syndrome (G25.37)
G47.810 Sleep related bruxism
G47.811 Sleep related enuresis
G47.812 Non-REM-sleep related abnormal swallowing syndrome
G47.813 Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia
G47.82 Sleep arousal disorders, confusional arousal, Sleep drunkenness
G47.83 Sleep-wake transition disorders
Excl. nocturnal leg cramps (R25.20)
G47.830 Sleep related rhythmic movement disorder, head-banging (jactatio capitis noctunus)
G47.831 Sleep starts
G47.832 Sleepwalking
G47.84 Kleine-Levin syndrome, Recurrent hypersomnia
G47.88 Other specified sleep disorders
G47.9 Sleep disorder, unspecified
F51 Nonorganic sleep disorders
Excl.: sleep disorders (organic) (G47.-)
F51.0 Nonorganic insomnia Excl.: insomnia (organic) (G47.0)
F51.1 Nonorganic hypersomnia Excl.: hypersomnia (organic) (G47.1), narcolepsy (G47.4)
F51.2 Nonorganic disorder of the sleep-wake schedule
Psychogenic inversion of:
circadian
nyctohemeral
sleep rhythm
Excl.: disorders of the sleep-wake schedule (organic) (G47.2)
F51.3 Sleepwalking [somnambulism]
F51.4 Sleep terrors [night terrors]
F51.5 Nightmares, Dream anxiety disorder
F51.8 Other nonorganic sleep disorders
F51.9 Nonorganic sleep disorder, unspecified, Emotional sleep disorder NOS
P28.3 Primary sleep apnoea of newborn
P28.4 Other apnoea of newborn
Apnoea (of):
newborn, obstructive
prematurity Excl.: obstructive sleep apnoea of newborn (P28.3)
[ 19]
G47 Sleep disorders
G47.0 Insomnia
G47.00 ...... unspecified
G47.01 ...... due to medical condition
G47.09 Other insomnia
G47.1 Hypersomnia
G47.10 ...... unspecified
G47.11 Idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time
G47.12 Idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time
G47.13 Recurrent hypersomnia
G47.14 ...... due to medical condition
G47.19 Other hypersomnia
G47.2 Circadian rhythm sleep disorders
G47.20 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, unspecified type
G47.21 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, delayed sleep phase type
G47.22 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, advanced sleep phase type
G47.23 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, irregular sleep wake type
G47.24 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, free running type
G47.25 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, jet lag type
G47.26 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, shift work type
G47.27 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder in conditions classified elsewhere
G47.29 Other circadian rhythm sleep disorder
G47.3 Sleep apnea
G47.30 ...... unspecified
G47.31 Primary central sleep apnea
G47.32 High altitude periodic breathing
G47.33 Obstructive sleep apnea (adult) (pediatric)
G47.34 Idiopathic sleep related nonobstructive alveolar hypoventilation
G47.35 Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
G47.36 Sleep related hypoventilation in conditions classified elsewhere
G47.37 Central sleep apnea in conditions classified elsewhere
G47.39 Other sleep apnea
G47.4 Narcolepsy and cataplexy
G47.41 Narcolepsy
G47.411 ...... with cataplexy
G47.419 ...... without cataplexy
G47.42 Narcolepsy in conditions classified elsewhere
G47.421 ...... with cataplexy
G47.429 ...... without cataplexy
G47.5 Parasomnia
G47.50 ...... unspecified
G47.51 Confusional arousals
G47.52 REM sleep behavior disorder
G47.53 Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
G47.54 ...... in conditions classified elsewhere
G47.59 Other parasomnia
G47.61 Periodic limb movement disorder
G47.62 Sleep related leg cramps
G47.63 Sleep related bruxism
G47.69 Other sleep related movement disorders
G47.8 Other sleep disorders
G47.9 Sleep disorder, unspecified
F51 Sleep disorders not due to a substance or known physiological condition
F51.0 Insomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition
F51.01 Primary insomnia
F51.02 Adjustment insomnia
F51.03 Paradoxical insomnia
F51.04 Psychophysiologic insomnia
F51.05 Insomnia due to other mental disorder
F51.09 Other insomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition
F51.1 Hypersomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition
F51.11 Primary hypersomnia
F51.12 Insufficient sleep syndrome
F51.13 Hypersomnia due to other mental disorder
F51.19 Other hypersomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition
F51.3 Sleepwalking [somnambulism]
F51.4 Sleep terrors [night terrors]
F51.5 Nightmare disorder
F51.8 Other sleep disorders not due to a substance or known physiological condition
F51.9 Sleep disorder not due to a substance or known physiological condition, unspecified
P28.3
Applicable To
Central sleep apnea of newborn
Obstructive sleep apnea of newborn
Sleep apnea of newborn NOS
Approximate Synonyms
Neonatal primary apnea
Primary apnea in the newborn
Sleep apnea, primary, neonatal
ICD-11 -Beta - 10 Sleep Wake Disorder 2016
[ 20]
Insomnia disorders
8A00 Chronic insomnia
8A01 Short-term insomnia
8A02 Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep
8A0Y Other specified insomnia disorders
8A0Z Insomnia disorders, unspecified
8A10 Restless legs syndrome
8A11 Secondary restless legs syndrome
8A12 Periodic limb movements disorder
8A13 Sleep-related bruxism
8A14 Sleep-related leg cramps
8A15 Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder
8A16 Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy
8A1Y Other specified sleep-related movement disorders
8A1Z Sleep-related movement disorders, unspecified
8A20 Hypersomnolence disorders
8A20.1 Narcolepsy, Type 1
8A20.2 Narcolepsy, Type 2
8A20.3 Idiopathic hypersomnolence disorder
8A20.4 Kleine-Levin syndrome
8A20.5 Behaviourally induced hypersomnolence
8A20.6 Hypersomnolence due to substances including medications
8A20.Y Other specified hypersomnolence disorders
8A20.Z Hypersomnolence disorders, unspecified
8A30 Central sleep apnoeas
8A31 Obstructive sleep apnoea
8A32 Sleep-related hypoventilation or hypoxemia disorders
8A3Y Other specified sleep-related breathing disorders
8A3Z Sleep-related breathing disorders, unspecified
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
8A40 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, delayed type
8A41 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, advanced type
8A42 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, irregular sleep-wake rhythm type
8A43 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, non-24 hour type
8A44 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, shift work type
8A45 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, jet lag type
8A4Y Other specified circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
8A4Z Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, unspecified
Parasomnia disorders
Disorders of arousal in non-REM sleep
8A50 Confusional arousals
8A51 Sleepwalking disorder
8A52 Sleep terrors
8A5Y Other specified disorders of arousal in non-REM sleep
8A5Z Disorders of arousal in non-REM sleep, unspecified
8A60 Sleep-related eating disorder
8A61 REM sleep behavior disorder
8A62 Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
8A63 Nightmare disorder 8A63 Nightmare disorder
8A64 Hypnogogic exploding head syndrome
8A65 Recurrent isolated sleep-related hallucinations
8A66 Parasomnia disorder due to substances including medications
8A6Y Other specified parasomnia disorders
8A6Z Parasomnia disorders, unspecified
7B60.1 Nocturnal enuresis
8A70 Disorders of the sleep-wake schedule
8A71 Parasomnia
8A72 Sleeptalking
8A7Y Other specified sleep-wake disorders
8A7Z Sleep-wake disorders, unspecified
ME21 Dyssomnia
DSM Classification of Sleep Disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) classification of sleep disorder was first introduced in 1968.
Other disorders with physical manifestation
Sleep Disorder
Dysomnias (disorders of amount, quality or time of sleep)
Parasomnia (abnormal event during sleep)
ICD-9[ 21]
Sleep Disorders
Primary Sleep Disorders
307.42
307.44
347.00
780.59
307.45
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder
327.31
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Delayed Sleep Phase Type
327.35
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Jet Lag Type
327.36
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Shift Work Type
327.30
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Unspecified Type
307.47
Dyssomnia NOS
307.47
Nightmare Disorder
307.46
Sleep Terror Disorder
307.46
Sleepwalking Disorder
307.47
Parasomnia NOS
307.42
Insomnia Related to ... [Indicate the Axis I or Axis II Disorder]
307.44
Hypersomnia Related to ... [Indicate the Axis I or Axis II Disorder]
Other Sleep disorders
327.14
Sleep Disorder Due to ... [Indicate the General Medical Condition], Hypersomnia Type
327.01
Sleep Disorder Due to ... [Indicate the General Medical Condition], Insomnia Type
327.8
Sleep Disorder Due to ... [Indicate the General Medical Condition], Mixed Type
327.44
Sleep Disorder Due to ... [Indicate the General Medical Condition], Parasomnia Type
291.82
Alcohol-Induced Sleep Disorder
292.85
Amphetamine-Induced Sleep Disorder
292.85
Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disorder
292.85
Cocaine-Induced Sleep Disorder
292.85
Opioid-Induced Sleep Disorder
292.85
Other (or Unknown) Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder
DSM-5 Sleep Wake Disorders
Major changes from DSM IV
Sleep-wake disorders comprise 11 diagnostic groups:[ 22] [failed verification ] [clarification needed ]
M00 Insomnia disorder
M01 Hypersomnolence Disorder
M02 Narcolepsy/Hypocretin Deficiency
M03 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome
M04 Central Sleep Apnea
M05 Sleep-Related Hypoventilation
M06 Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder
M07 Disorder of Arousal
M08 Nightmare Disorder
M09 Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
M10 Restless Legs Syndrome
M11 Substance-Induced Sleep disorder
Sleep-Wake Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified
Insomnia Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified
Major Somnolence Disorder (Hypersomnia Not Elsewhere Classified) The following specifiers apply to Sleep-Wake Disorders where indicated: Specify if: Episodic, Persistent, Recurrent Specify if: Acute, Subacute, Persistent Specify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe
ICD9-CM
ICD10-CM
DSM 5
780.52
G47.00
Insomnia disorder
Specify if: With non-sleep disorder mental comorbidity. With other Medical comorbidity. With other sleep disorder
780.52
G47.09
Other specified insomnia disorder
780.52
G47.00
Unspecified insomnia disorder
780.54
G47.10
Specify if: With mental disorder. With medical condition. With another sleep disorder
780.54
G47.19
Other specified hypersomnolence disorder
780.54
G47.10
Unspecified hypersomnolence disorder
347.00
G47.419
Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness, and narcolepsy
347.00
G47.419
Autosomal dominant narcolepsy, obesity, and type 2 diabetes
347.00
G47.419
Narcolepsy without cataplexy but with hypocretin deficiency
347.01
G47.411
Narcolepsy with cataplexy but without hypocretin deficiency
347.10
G47.429
Narcolepsy secondary to another medical condition
327.23
G47.33
780.57
G47.37
Central sleep apnea comorbid with opioid use
327.21
G47.31
Idiopathic central sleep apnea:
786.04
R06.3
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
780.57
G47.37
Central sleep apnea comorbid with opioid use
Note: First code opioid use disorder, if present.
Specify current severity
327.24
G47.34
Idiopathic hypoventilation
327.25
G47.35
Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation
327.26
G47.36
Comorbid sleep-related hypoventilation
Primary Alveolar Hypoventilation
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
307.45
G47.22
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, Advanced sleep phase type
307.45
G47.21
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, Delayed sleep phase type
307.45
G47.23
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, Irregular sleep-wake type
307.45
G47.24
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, Non-24-hour sleep-wake type
307.45
G47.26
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, Shift work type
307.45
G47.20
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, Unspecified type
Non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep arousal disorders
307.46
F51.4
Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders, Sleep terror type
307.46
F51.3
Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders, Sleepwalking type
Nightmare disorder
307.47
F51.5
Nightmare disorder
327.42
G47.52
333.94
G25.81
Restless legs syndrome
Medication-induced sleep disorder
291.82
Alcohol-induced sleep disorder
292.85
Amphetamine (or other stimulant)-induced sleep disorder
292.85
Caffeine-induced sleep disorder
292.85
Cannabis-induced sleep disorder
292.85
Cocaine-induced sleep disorder
292.85
Opioid-induced sleep disorder
292.85
Other (or unknown) substance-induced sleep disorder
292.85
Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced sleep disorder
292.85
Tobacco-induced sleep disorder
780.54
G47.19
Other Specified Hypersomnolence Disorder
780.54
G47.10
Unspecified Hypersomnolence Disorder
Disorder of Arousal
Confusional Arousals
Sleepwalking
Sleep terrors
780.59
G47.8
Other specified sleep-wake disorder
780.59
G47.9
Unspecified sleep-wake disorder
References
^ a b c Espie, Colin A; Morin, Charles M, eds. (2012). Oxford Handbook of Sleep and Sleep Disorders - Oxford Handbooks . doi :10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376203.001.0001 . ISBN 9780195376203 . Archived from the original on 2016-01-30. Retrieved 2016-03-12 .
^ Chokroverty, Sudhansu; Billiard, Michel (2015-09-22). Sleep Medicine: A Comprehensive Guide to Its Development, Clinical Milestones, and Advances in Treatment . Springer. ISBN 9781493920891 . Archived from the original on 2023-10-24. Retrieved 2023-10-24 .
^ Roger, H (1932). "Troubles du Sommeil". Masson et Cie, 1932; 275–83 .
^ Kleitman, N. (1939). Sleep and Wakefulness . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 280–9.
^ Broughton, R. J. (1968-03-08). "Sleep disorders: disorders of arousal? Enuresis, somnambulism, and nightmares occur in confusional states of arousal, not in "dreaming sleep" ". Science . 159 (3819): 1070–1078. doi :10.1126/science.159.3819.1070 . ISSN 0036-8075 . PMID 4865791 . S2CID 11147846 .
^ Bickelmann, A. G.; Burwell, C. S.; Robin, E. D.; Whaley, R. D. (1956-11-01). "Extreme obesity associated with alveolar hypoventilation; a Pickwickian syndrome". The American Journal of Medicine . 21 (5): 811–818. doi :10.1016/0002-9343(56)90094-8 . ISSN 0002-9343 . PMID 13362309 .
^ Weitzman, E. D.; Czeisler, C. A.; Coleman, R. M.; Spielman, A. J.; Zimmerman, J. C.; Dement, W.; Richardson, G.; Pollak, C. P. (1981-07-01). "Delayed sleep phase syndrome. A chronobiological disorder with sleep-onset insomnia". Archives of General Psychiatry . 38 (7): 737–746. doi :10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780320017001 . ISSN 0003-990X . PMID 7247637 .
^ a b "International Classification of Diseases, Revision 7 (1955)" . www.wolfbane.com . Archived from the original on 2016-02-14. Retrieved 2016-03-11 .
^ a b "International Classification of Diseases, Revision 8 (1965)" . www.wolfbane.com . Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2016-03-11 .
^ a b "International Classification of Diseases, Revision 9 (1975)" . www.wolfbane.com . Archived from the original on 2016-03-25. Retrieved 2016-03-11 .
^ "International Classification of Diseases, Revision 10 (1990)" . www.wolfbane.com . Archived from the original on 2016-06-20. Retrieved 2016-03-11 .
^ "ICD-10-CM" . Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2016-03-11 .
^ "ICD11 Alpha : Morbidity" . October 3, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03.
^ Howard, P. Roffwarg (1979). "Diagnostic classification of sleep and arousal disorders. 1979 first edition. Association of Sleep Disorders Centers and the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep" . Sleep . 2 (1): 1–154. doi :10.1093/sleep/2.1.1 . PMID 531417 .
^ Thorpy, M. J. (1990-01-01). "Classification of sleep disorders" . Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology . 7 (1): 67–81. doi :10.1097/00004691-199001000-00006 . ISSN 0736-0258 . PMC 3480567 . PMID 2406285 .
^ a b THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF SLEEP DISORDERS, REVISED Diagnostic and Coding Manual . Westchester, IL 60154-5767, U.S.A: American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2001. ISBN 0-9657220-1-5 .{{cite book }}
: CS1 maint: location (link )
^ American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2014). International Classification of Sleep Disorders - Third Edition . Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
^ "Application of the International Classification of Diseases to Neurology (ICD-NA) - WHO - OMS -" . June 2, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-06-02.
^ "ICD-10-CM 2016" . Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2016-03-11 .
^ "ICD11 Alpha : Morbidity" . October 3, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03.
^ "Sleep Disorders" . DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS . WASHINGTON, DC, USA: AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. 2005. ISBN 0-89042-062-9 .
^ "DSM-5 Changes: Sleep-Wake Disorders" . Psych Central.com . 7 June 2010. Archived from the original on 2016-03-02. Retrieved 2016-03-04 .
External links
Classification External resources