Chrysuronia

Chrysuronia
Golden-tailed sapphire, (Chrysuronia oenone)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Tribe: Trochilini
Genus: Chrysuronia
Bonaparte, 1850
Type species
Ornismya oenone (golden-tailed sapphire)
Lesson, R, 1832
Species

9, see text

Chrysuronia is a genus of hummingbirds in the family Trochilidae, all of which are native to Central and South America.

Taxonomy

The genus Chrysuronia was introduced in 1850 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte.[1] Bonaparte did not specify a type species but this was designated as the golden-tailed sapphire in 1855 by George Robert Gray.[2][3] The genus name is a portmanteau of the specific names of two synonyms of the golden-tailed sapphire: Ornismya chrysura Lesson, R, 1832 and Ornismia oenone Lesson, 1832.[4]

This genus formerly included only a single species, the golden-tailed sapphire. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genera Amazilia and Lepidopyga were polyphyletic.[5] In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, Chrysuronia was broadened to include species that had previous been placed in Amazilia, Hylocharis and Lepidopyga.[6][7]

The genus now contains ten species:[6]

Genus Chrysuronia – Bonaparte, 1850 – ten species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Shining-green hummingbird


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Chrysuronia goudoti
(Bourcier, 1843)

Four subspecies
 Colombia and Venezuela
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Golden-tailed sapphire


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Chrysuronia oenone
(Lesson, R, 1832) 		Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Versicolored emerald


Male

 Chrysuronia versicolor
(Vieillot, 1818) 		northern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, far north-eastern Argentina, and eastern, southern and central Brazil
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 EN 


Mangrove hummingbird

Chrysuronia boucardi
(Mulsant, 1877) 		Costa Rica.
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 



Sapphire-throated hummingbird


Male

 Chrysuronia coeruleogularis
(Gould, 1851)

Three subspecies
  • C. c. coeruleogularis
  • C. c. coelina
  • C. c. conifis
Panama, Colombia, and more recently Costa Rica
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Sapphire-bellied hummingbird


Chrysuronia lilliae
(Stone, 1917) 		Colombia
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 EN 


Humboldt's sapphire


Chrysuronia humboldtii
(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852) 		Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Blue-headed sapphire

Chrysuronia grayi
(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846) 		Colombia and Ecuador.
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


White-chested emerald

Chrysuronia brevirostris
(Lesson, R, 1829)

Three subspecies
  • C. b. brevirostris
  • C. b. chionopectus
  • C. b. orienticola
Brazil, the Guianas, Trinidad, and Venezuela.
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Plain-bellied emerald

Chrysuronia leucogaster
(Gmelin, JF, 1788)

Two subspecies
  • C. l. leucogaster (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
  • C. l. bahiae (Hartert, E, 1899)
Brazil, the Guianas, and Venezuela.
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


References

  1. ^ Bonaparte, Charles Lucien (1850). Conspectus Generum Avium (in Latin). Vol. 1. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 75.
  2. ^ Gray, George Robert (1855). Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum. London: British Museum. p. 23.
  3. ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1945). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 55.
  4. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. ^ McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. Bibcode:2014CBio...24..910M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016. PMID 24704078.
  6. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  7. ^ Stiles, F.G.; Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Mcguire, J.A. (2017). "The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny". Zootaxa. 4353 (3): 401–424. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3. PMID 29245495.
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