Fox's professional career began with engineering roles in the petroleum and nuclear industries. From 1998 to 2005 he worked at Tate & Lyle, before joining Smiths Group and, later, GKN, as Group Director of Communications.[5][6]
Fox served as Chief Executive of the Liberal Democrats (UK) from 2009 and 2011.[7] In this role he managed the party through the 2010 General Election and the beginning of the Cameron-Clegg Coalition Government. He has been credited with overseeing a major reorganisation of the party's campaigns staff, moving the party out of its historic Cowley Street HQ to more modern offices on Great George Street, and introducing a new online election database system.[8]
Since 2017, Fox has been a patron of children's charity, WAVE Trust.[9]
Since becoming a Member of the House of Lords, Lord Fox has taken an interest in policy relating to business, industry, science and technology.[11] From June 2015 he was a member of the Lords Science and Technology Committee, in July 2019 changing to be a member of the Economic Affairs Committee.[12][13]
In June 2017, Lord Fox was appointed Liberal Democrat Lords Spokesperson for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in the House of Lords.
A critic of Brexit, Lord Fox was one of several Peers to oppose the UK Government's post-referendum negotiations and legislative agenda.[14] In 2020, he described the Government's Internal Market Bill as "illegal".[15] In 2023, Fox led parliamentary opposition to the Retained EU Law Bill, leading to concessions from the government.[16]
In May 2020 The Daily Telegraph reported that Fox had furloughed himself under the government financed COVID support scheme in his single employee company, Vulpes Advisory, which had a £100,000 cash balance, as well as claiming his £162 daily allowance for Lords Zoom video meetings attendance. The newspaper critically characterised this as a "double dip into the taxpayers' pocket", and some MPs said this was "milking the taxpayer".[18] Fox apologised for his "error in judgment" and promised to repay the furlough money.[19]