Bland, Roger (2003). The Orthoptera of Michigan: Biology, Keys, and Descriptions of Grasshoppers, Katydids, and Crickets. Michigan State University Extension. ISBN978-1565250178.
Otte, Daniel (1981). "The North American Grasshoppers, volume I, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae and Acridinae". Harvard. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)