Chișinău Marathon

Chișinău Marathon
DateSeptember or October
LocationChișinău, Moldova
Event typeRoad
DistanceMarathon, Half marathon, 10k, 5k
Primary sponsor999.md
Established2015 (9 years ago) (2015)
Course recordsMen's: 2:16:39 (2018)
Kenya Benjamin Serem
Women's: 2:48:35 (2017)
Moldova Olesea Smovjenco
Official siteOfficial website
Participants178 finishers (2021)
257 (2019)

The Chisinau International Marathon is an annual marathon and sport event hosted by the city of Chișinău, Moldova since 2015. It is usually held in the autumn.

History

2015

The first Chisinau International Marathon was held on April 26, 2015; it became the first Chisinau Marathon race since 1986. It was organized by the public sports organization Sporter.md with the support of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Moldova and the sponsorship of the oil and gas company - Petrom. The organizer and the sponsor provided in equal parts the competition budget: 1 billion MDL. The marathon preparation took about a year, and 300 volunteers participated in this process. Marathon competitions included 4 distanced: marathon (participation fee 200 MDL), half-marathon, 10 km (participation fee 100 MDL each) and 3 km (so-called Fun Run, free of charge). One day before the competition, a sports fair was organized in the center of Chișinău, as well as a 400 meters running competition for children, who were divided into three age categories: 5–6 years, 7–9 years and 10–12 years. In 2015, about 10,000 people participated, of whom almost 1,400 took the main three distances and 140 - the marathon. Citizens of Moldova and other countries - Austria, Belarus, Germany, India, USA, Russia, Ukraine and Sweden - could be seen among the runners. Journalists noticed among the participants the Mayor of Chișinău - Dorin Chirtoacă, the Head of Economic Department of EU Delegation to the Republic of Moldova - Wicher Slagter and the British Ambassador - Philip Batson.

2016

The second edition was held on April 17, 2016. It was organized by the public sports organization Sporter.md with the support of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Moldova and the sponsorship of the oil and gas company - Petrom. Over 15,000 people gathered in the central square in Chisinau to run the marathon (42 km 195 m), half-marathon (21 km 0975 m), 10 km and the Fun Run (3 km). In the framework of the event, a sports fair was organized, which was attended by over 30 companies. The day before the official start of the Chisinau Marathon, a 200-meter children's race was organized for several age categories. About 400 volunteers helped the organizers in the preparation process and on the very day of the marathon. Guests from over 50 countries, politicians, professional athletes of various sports, as well as various commercial companies and charity organizations participated in the Chisinau Marathon.

2017

The third edition was held on October 1, 2017. On this day, the Moldovan capital became the center of attraction for all running enthusiasts and active lifestyle practitioners. The Chisinau Marathon became a new experience in the running career for both local and foreign athletes, who came from over 50 countries. The marathon was organized by the public sports organization Sporter.md with the sponsorship of Kaufland supermarket chain. This year, 17,000 people participated in the Chisinau Marathon. Participants were offered 5 distances to choose from: marathon (42 km 195 m), half-marathon (21 km 0975 m), 5 km, 10 km and the Fun Run (1.5 km). A day before, on September 30, as a part of Chisinau Marathon, was organized a 200-meter children's race for three age categories: 5–6 years, 7–9 years and 10–12 years. 400 children participated. For three days, a sports fair was opened in the center of Chisinau. Various sport brands, charity organizations and commercial companies took part in the fair.

2018

The fourth edition was held on September 30, 2018. According to established tradition, both professional sportsmen and beginners who had their first marathon challenge could participate in the event. The event was attended by the representatives of more than 50 countries. By organizers account, more than 2,000 foreign athletes took part in the Chisinau Marathon. This year, 18,000 people attended the Marathon. Participants were offered 5 distances to choose from: marathon (42 km 195 m), half-marathon (21 km 0975 m), 5 km, 10 km and the Fun Run (1.5 km). For the first time in the Chisinau Marathon history, a category for wheelchair athletes was open - “Marathon for All”. Kenyan runner, Benjamin Kiprop Serem, set the track record: he ran 42 km in 2 hours 16 minutes 38 seconds. Also, half-marathon records were set. A day earlier, on September 29, as a part of Chisinau Marathon, children's races were organized: 400 m, 800 m, 1 200 m, 2 000 m. 500 children participated in the event. Also on this day, famous travelers - Olga Rumyantseva and Vladimir Kotlyar, as well as marathon athletes - Yaroslav Mushinsky and Leonid Shvetsov, gave public lectures.

2019

In 2019, the Chisinau Marathon celebrated its fifth anniversary. This edition took place on September 29 under the slogan: “High five!”.

Traditionally, the races on the 5 distances of the Marathon – marathon (42 km 195 m), half marathon (21 km 0975 m), 10 and 5 km races, Fun Run (1.5 km) – took place on the central streets of the capital. The “Marathon for All” distance was also reopened for wheelchair athletes.

As in previous years, both experienced athletes and participants who have just started their passion for running were allowed to participate in the races. According to the organizers, in 2019, about 20,000 participants gathered in the Great National Assembly Square in Chisinau, including participants from other countries, such as Ukraine, Russia, Romania, Germany, etc.

The winners were the male and female participants who were the first to reach the finish line on the chosen course. In 2019, some competitors managed to outdo the previous records. Thus, in the half-marathon distance, Maxim Răilianu finished in 1:06:11.9 (previous record – 1:06:12.0), and Katerina Karmanenko set a record in the women's race – 1:20:16.3 (previous record – 1:20:43.0).

On September 28, the Kids Run Day children's races was held as part of the Chisinau Marathon. Children between 5 and 13 years old participated in the 400 m, 800 m, 1200 m and 2000 m races.

2020

Anyone could support the event and participate in the race online. To do so, the organizers suggested participants to wear a T-shirt from previous editions of the Chisinau Marathon, choose any of the distances: 1.5 km, 5 km, 10 km, 21 km or 42 km and take the start on 27 September at 9:00, anywhere in the city, in the country or in the world.

On this day, not only runners from Chisinau, but also from Ungheni, Balti, Soroca, various cities in Transnistria, as well as from the US, Italy, Romania, Greece and even India ran in support of the Chisinau Online 2020 International Marathon.

2021

In 2021, the sixth edition of the Chisinau International Marathon took place. It was the first major sporting event organized by Sporter after a year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The marathon was held on October 17, but under strict conditions. Only athletes who were able to present health certificates were accepted to participate. Free express coronavirus tests were performed for participants and supporters. For safety reasons, the number of slots in 2021 has been reduced to 2,000, and the Fun Run distance (1.5 km), which traditionally was attended by all those who wish to participate, has been canceled.

As in previous years, competitors had four basic distances they could choose from: marathon (42 km 195 m), half marathon (21 km 0975 m), 10 km and 5 km. For the first time, the 5-km route has been modified. In 2021, the already traditional distance for wheelchair athletes “Marathon for All” was also available, and there were 35 participants.

On October 16, the Kids Run Day children's race was held as part of the Chisinau Marathon.

2022

In 2022, the eighth edition of the Chisinau International Marathon took place. Paying tribute to kind-hearted and hospitable Moldovans, the organizers carried out large-scale rebranding, and now the race is called Chisinau Big Hearts Marathon.

The race was held on September 25. Altogether about 10,000 athletes from different countries participated.

The organizers have prepared 5 main distances for athletes: marathon (42 km 195 m), half marathon (21 km 0975 m), 10K, 5K and Fun Run (1.5K). Fun Run is a free race held for the first time after two years of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. For the fourth year in a row, the Marathon for All was arranged for wheelchair athletes. On September 23, there was a Kids Run Day race for children in four age categories: 5–6 years old, 7–8 years old, 9–10 years old, and 11–13 years old.

On the occasion of the race, festive events such as fairs and contests have been held for three days in the center of the Moldavian capital. On the evening of September 23, before the big start, a traditional free Pasta Party was given for participants.

The organizers of the party were Sporter public organization and 999.md online classifieds, with the support of Chisinau City Hall. The event was supported by a team of 200 volunteers and about 30 partners.

2023

In 2023, the Chisinau Big Hearts Marathon kicked off for the ninth time. The country's main running event took place under the slogan "The marathon is more than just a race. It's proof that we are together."

The marathon-related events lasted two days: September 23 and 24. In total, more than 10,000 people from 46 countries participated in the races. Participants competed in four main distances: marathon (42 km 195 m), half-marathon (21 km 975 m), 10 km, and 5 km. Additionally, a free non-competitive race, Fun Run, for all those interested took place over a distance of 1.5 km. Marathon for All was organized for wheelchair athletes, and children had their starts as part of the Kids Run Day. Winners received prizes and gifts from sponsors, and all athletes who completed the chosen competitive distance within the set time limits were awarded finisher's medals.

Every year, the Chisinau marathon attracts more and more participants and sports enthusiasts from all over the world, strengthening Moldova's positive image, portraying it as a modern and athletic country that promotes humanistic values and a healthy lifestyle.

The organizer of the Chisinau Big Hearts Marathon is the public sports organization Sporter, which has remained the sole organizer of marathon races in Moldova for over 10 years, as well as 999.md - the most popular online ad board in our country. In 2023, the marathon took place with the support of the City Hall of the Chisinau municipality and the General Direction of Education, Youth and Sport, as well as over 30 partner companies and organizations. The marathon's general partner was the VISA payment system.

2024

In 2024, the Chisinau Marathon took place in Chisinau. “We have been loving sport for 10 years” was the slogan of the event. For 10 years, the country's largest running event has helped thousands of Moldovans to discover running, and thousands of runners from all over the world have discovered Moldova.

Athletes from 52 countries took part in the anniversary marathon, with more than 10,000 participants in total. In keeping with tradition, the races were held over two days.

On September 28, the Kids Marathon took place, with over 800 youngsters taking part. Boys and girls competed separately in age groups: 5-6 years, 7-8 years, 9-10 years and 11-13 years.

On September 29, the main adult races were held: 5 km, 10 km, half marathon (21,975 km) and marathon (42,195 km). Wheelchair athletes competed in the Marathon for All event. Chisinau Marathon also kicked off with Roller Run - roller races. There was also a free non-competitive Fun Run, a 1.5 km race for amateur runners.

All those who managed to finish the race within the time limit were awarded finisher's medals, specially created for the anniversary marathon. The winners were presented with gifts and prizes from sponsors.

The 10th Chisinau Marathon, 14-year-old Mihail Voloshin became the youngest runner ever to finish the 42,195 km Chisinau Marathon. Mihail first participated in the marathon at the age of 5 - the youngest age allowed for participation in the Chisinau Marathon. This time he managed to successfully run the main distance.

Another special moment took place at the finish line of the 10 km race, where Gabriel Cretu proposed to Ana Hariton. The two have been practicing sports for many years, participating in numerous marathons. Gabriel chose this anniversary marathon to propose to Ana, making the 10th Chisinau Marathon a memorable one for the couple.

The organizer of Chisinau Marathon is the public association Sports Club Sporter. The marathon was held with the support of the Chisinau City Hall and the General Directorate of Education, Youth and Sport of the Chisinau Municipality (DGETS), as well as the Ministry of Education and Research. The Police Inspectorate, Carabinieri and the Emergency Medical Assistance Service also contributed. The Sport for All Federation and the National Roller Sport Federation also supported the sporting event.

About 40 companies and organizations acted as sponsors and partners for Chisinau Marathon, and the general partner was 999.md.

Course

External image
image icon Course map of full marathon in 2019[1]

The marathon and half-marathon course: Great National Assembly Square (opposite the Triumphal Arch) - Stefan cel Mare Av. - Ciuflea St. - Dacia Av. (to Trandafirilor St.) - Dacia Av. - Ciuflea St. - Stefan cel Mare Av. (to Toma Ciorba St.) - Stefan cel Mare Av. - Great National Assembly Square (4 laps of 10.5 km for marathoners and 2 laps of 10.5 km for half-marathoners with time limit of 6 hours and 3 hours, respectively). 10 km course: Stefan cel Mare Av. - Ciuflea St. - Dacia Av. (to Trandafirilor St.) - Dacia Av. - Ciuflea St. - Stefan cel Mare Av. (to Toma Ciorba St.) - Stefan cel Mare Av. - Great National Assembly Square (with 1.5 hours time limit). 5 km course: Great National Assembly Square - turn at the intersection of Stefan cel Mare Av. and Ismail St. - Stefan cel Mare Av. - turn at the intersection of Stefan cel Mare Av. and Toma Ciorba St. - Stefan cel Mare Av. - Great National Assembly Square. Fun Run route: Great National Assembly Square - Vasile Alecsandri St. - Veronica Micle St. - Banulescu Bodoni St. - Finish in front of the Stefan cel Mare monument.

Qualification

Runners over the age of 18 years are allowed to participate in the marathon and half-marathon, runners from 16 years old can participate in the 10 km race, but all need to be registered. The 1.5 km race is open for everybody and does not require registration.

Other races

In addition to the marathon, the event includes a half marathon, a 10 km race,[a] and a 3 km fun run.[3]

Winners

Year Male winner Country Time Female winner Country Time
2015 Vitalie Gheorghiță [de]  Moldova 2:42:08 Aleksandra Kirillova  Ukraine 3:33:43
2016 Vitalie Gheorghiţă  Moldova 2:27:53 Nadezhda Anfimova  Russia 3:21:40
2017 Nicolai Gorbuşco  Moldova 2:27:14 Olesea Smovjenco  Moldova 2:48:35
2018 Benjamin Serem  Kenya 2:16:39 Iryna Masnyk  Ukraine 2:53:55
2019 Andrei Bogaci  Moldova 2:32:21 Zinaida Săcară  Moldova 2:56:43
2020 postponed due to coronavirus pandemic'[4][5]
2021 Ivan Siuris  Moldova 2:22:03 Zinaida Săcară  Moldova 3:02:54
2022 Vitalie Gheorghiţă  Moldova 2:30:08 Yuliya Tarasova  Ukraine 3:00:36
2023 Vitalie Gheorghiţă  Moldova 2:38:17 Zinaida Săcară  Moldova 3:13:22
2024 Nicolai Gorbuşco  Moldova 2:32:57 Yuliya Tarasova  Ukraine 2:58:13

Notes

  1. ^ This race is marketed as a 10K, but is actually a quarter marathon, since runners in this race simply run the same loop that marathoners run, except they run it only once instead of four times.[1][2]

References

  1. ^ a b "Route map of Chisinau International Marathon".
  2. ^ "Rules Chisinau International Marathon".
  3. ^ "About Chisinau Marathon". Archived from the original on 2015-04-19. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
  4. ^ "Chisinau Marathon has been postponed to next year". Archived from the original on 2020-09-04. Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  5. ^ "Chisinau International Marathon 2020 | Simpals". 27 July 2020.

Read other articles:

Dalam nama Tionghoa ini, nama keluarganya adalah Hou. Hou Jizhen侯继振Hou Jizhen pada 2014 Kepala Staf Kawasan Militer ShenyangMasa jabatanJuni 2009 – Januari 2014 PendahuluHou Shusen [zh]PenggantiXu Jingnian [zh] Informasi pribadiLahirNovember 1951 (umur 72)Kabupaten Xiajin, Shandong, TiongkokPartai politikPartai Komunis TiongkokKarier militerPihak Republik Rakyat TiongkokDinas/cabang Angkatan Darat TiongkokMasa dinas?–2014Pa...

 

 

David NgunaitponiDavid Unaipon (Anglisisasi)David Unaipon pada akhir tahun 1920-anLahir28 September 1872Point McLeay MissionMeninggal7 Februari 1967(1967-02-07) (umur 94)Tailem Bend, Australia SelatanKebangsaanAustraliaPendidikanSekolah misi RaukkanPembuat sepatuSuami/istriKatherine Carter (nee Sumner)Orang tuaIbu: Nymbulda?[1] Ayah: James Ngunaitponi David Unaipon (lahir David Ngunaitponi) (28 September 1872 – 7 Februari 1967) adalah seorang penduduk asli Austral...

 

 

Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut...

Robert Jaworski's retired jersey banner at the rafters of the Smart Araneta Coliseum during his retirement ceremonies in 2012. This is a list of Philippine Basketball Association retired jersey numbers, including jersey numbers which had not been reissued since the player left the team. As a way to honor key players, Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) teams often retire their jersey numbers. They are usually no longer available for future players to wear. Teams usually award the player ...

 

 

Taça Brasil 1962 Competizione Taça Brasil Sport Calcio Edizione 4ª Organizzatore CBD Date dal 5 settembre 1962al 2 aprile 1963 Luogo  Brasile Partecipanti 18 Risultati Vincitore Santos(2º titolo) Secondo Botafogo Statistiche Miglior marcatore Coutinho(Santos), 7 gol Incontri disputati 39 Gol segnati 127 (3,26 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 1961 1963 Manuale La Taça Brasil 1962 (in italiano Coppa Brasile 1962) è stata la 4ª edizione del torneo. Vi pa...

 

 

American artist Peter de SèvePeter de Sève at San Diego Comic Con 2009Born1958 (age 65–66)[1]New York City, U.S.[1]Alma materParsons The New School for Design[1]Occupation(s)Illustrator, character designerSpouseRandall[2]Websitewww.peterdeseve.com Peter de Sève is an American[3] artist who has worked in the illustration and animation fields. He has drawn many covers for the magazine The New Yorker. As a character designer, he worked o...

2006 action fantasy film directed by Stefen Fangmeier EragonTheatrical release posterDirected byStefen FangmeierScreenplay byPeter BuchmanBased onEragonby Christopher PaoliniProduced by John Davis Wyck Godfrey Starring Ed Speleers Jeremy Irons Sienna Guillory Robert Carlyle Djimon Hounsou Garrett Hedlund Joss Stone Rachel Weisz John Malkovich CinematographyHugh JohnsonEdited by Roger Barton Masahiro Hirakubo Chris Lebenzon Music byPatrick DoyleProductioncompanies Fox 2000 Pictures Davis Enter...

 

 

Kamila AndiniDini, 2018Lahir6 Mei 1986 (umur 38)Jakarta, IndonesiaPekerjaanProduser, Penulis, & SutradaraTahun aktif2002 - sekarangSuami/istriIfa Isfansyah ​(m. 2012)​Orang tuaGarin Nugroho (ayah)Riani Ikaswati (Ibu) Kamila Andini (lahir 6 Mei 1986) merupakan seorang sutradara berkebangsaan Indonesia. Dia menyutradarai film pertamanya seperti Rahasia Dibalik Cita Rasa pada tahun 2002. Ia merupakan anak dari sutradara Indonesia, Garin Nugroho. Kamila...

 

 

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (مارس 2016) واقعمعلومات عامةيدرسه علم الوجودفلسفة ممثلة بـ وجودactuality (en) النقيض subjective reality (en) تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل...

Season of television series ArrowSeason 8Promotional poster and home media coverShowrunners Marc Guggenheim Beth Schwartz Starring Stephen Amell David Ramsey Rick Gonzalez Juliana Harkavy Katherine McNamara Ben Lewis Joseph David-Jones LaMonica Garrett Katie Cassidy No. of episodes10ReleaseOriginal networkThe CWOriginal releaseOctober 15, 2019 (2019-10-15) –January 28, 2020 (2020-01-28)Season chronology← PreviousSeason 7List of episodes The eighth and final season of ...

 

 

The history of cycling infrastructure starts from shortly after the bike boom of the 1880s when the first short stretches of dedicated bicycle infrastructure were built, through to the rise of the automobile from the mid-20th century onwards and the concomitant decline of cycling as a means of transport, to cycling's comeback from the 1970s onwards. Pre-motorisation The California Cycle-Way, 1900 By the end of the 19th century, cycling was growing from a hobby to an established form of trans...

 

 

Metropolitan borough of England St PancrasSt Pancras Town HallSt Pancras within the County of LondonPopulation • 180131,779 • 1961124,855 History • Abolished1965 • Succeeded byLondon Borough of Camden StatusCivil parish (1937-1965)Metropolitan borough (1900-1965)GovernmentSt Pancras VestrySt Pancras Borough Council (1900–1965) • TypeVestry (16th century–1855)Incorporated vestry (1855–1900)Metropolitan borough council (1900...

Australian business executive Alison WatkinsAMWatkins in 2022Chancellor of the University of TasmaniaIncumbentAssumed office 25 June 2021Preceded byMichael Field Personal detailsBorn (1962-12-29) 29 December 1962 (age 61)Alma materUniversity of Tasmania Alison Mary Watkins AM (born 29 December 1962)[1] is an Australian CEO and director. She has had roles at McKinsey, GrainCorp, Berri Limited, and was a group managing director at Coca-Cola Amatil from March 2014 to May 2021.&#...

 

 

This article is about the local government area based in Condobolin. For the local government area based in Crookwell, see Upper Lachlan Shire. Local government area in New South Wales, AustraliaLachlan ShireNew South WalesLocation in New South WalesCoordinates33°03′S 147°09′E / 33.050°S 147.150°E / -33.050; 147.150Population 6,194 (2016 census)[1] 6,151 (2018 est.)[2] • Density0.41368/km2 (1.07142/sq mi)Area14,973 km2...

 

 

Hugo Jury (1938) Hugo Jury (* 13. Juli 1887 in Mährisch Rothmühl, Bezirk Zwittau, Mähren, Österreich-Ungarn; † 8. Mai 1945 in Zwettl) war ein österreichischer nationalsozialistischer Politiker. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Jugend und Studium 2 Karriere in Österreich 3 Karriere im Dritten Reich 4 Literatur 5 Weblinks 6 Einzelnachweise Jugend und Studium Jury war der Sohn von Hugo Jury (1856–1931), Oberlehrer in Mährisch Rothmühl, und der Julie Jury (1862–1934, geb. Haberhauer). Nach bes...

Cultivation of plants and animals to provide useful products Farming redirects here. For other uses, see Farming (disambiguation). This article is about agriculture for humans. For agriculture for ants, see Agriculture in ants. Agriculture History Prehistory Neolithic Revolution Agriculture in Mesoamerica Austronesian expansion Ancient history Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Post-classical Agriculture in the Middle Ages Arab Agricultural Revolution Columbian exchange Modern history ...

 

 

City in Uruguay For other uses, see Paysandú (disambiguation). Capital city in UruguayPaysandúCapital cityBasílica as seen from 18 de Julio streetPaysandúLocation in UruguayCoordinates: 32°19′17″S 58°4′32″W / 32.32139°S 58.07556°W / -32.32139; -58.07556Country UruguayDepartment PaysandúFounded1756Elevation34 m (112 ft)Population (2011) • Total76,412[1]Time zoneUTC −3Postal code60000Dial plan+598 472 (+5 di...

 

 

この項目では、フジテレビ系列のトーク番組について説明しています。その他の類似するタイトルの番組や作品については「ぼくらの時代」をご覧ください。 テレビ番組・中継内での各種情報(終了した番組・中継を含みます)は、DVDやBlu-rayなどでの販売や公式なネット配信、または信頼できる紙媒体またはウェブ媒体が紹介するまで、出典として用いないで下さい�...

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (نوفمبر 2019) سيكلوفوسفاميد ميثوتركسيت فلورويوراسيل (اختصارًا CMF)، هو عادةً ما يستخدم كنظام علاجي كيميائى لسرطان الثدي الذي يجمع بين ثلاثة من العناصر المضادة للسرطان: سي...

 

 

Military overthrow of President Francisco Macías Nguema You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (July 2016) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy...