Chipping Warden

Chipping Warden
Chipping Warden is located in Northamptonshire
Chipping Warden
Chipping Warden
Location within Northamptonshire
Population529 (2001 census)[1]
537 (2011 census)
OS grid referenceSP4948
• London70 miles (113 km)
Civil parish
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBanbury
Postcode districtOX17
Dialling code01295
PoliceNorthamptonshire
FireNorthamptonshire
AmbulanceEast Midlands
UK Parliament
WebsiteWelcome to the Chipping Warden Parish Web Site
List of places
UK
England
Northamptonshire
52°08′10″N 1°16′19″W / 52.136°N 1.272°W / 52.136; -1.272

Chipping Warden is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Chipping Warden and Edgcote, in the West Northamptonshire district, in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, about 6 miles (10 km) northeast of the Oxfordshire town of Banbury.

The parish is bounded to the east and south by the River Cherwell, to the west by the boundary with Oxfordshire and to the north by field boundaries. On 1 October 2008 the parish was abolished and merged with Edgcote to form "Chipping Warden & Edgcote".[2]

The 2001 Census recorded a parish population of 529[1] in 234 households, increasing to 537 in the civil parish of Chipping Warden and Edgcote at the 2011 census.[3]

Toponymy

'Warden' means 'Watch hill', referring to Warden Hill a mile northeast of the village. It had a 'market' from the late 14th century hence the 'Chipping' addition. The hundred is named after Chipping Warden.[4]

Archaeology

Just south of Chipping Warden village is Arbury Banks, the remains of an Iron Age hillfort.[5] It is about 200 yards (180 m) in diameter[6] and has been heavily damaged by centuries of ploughing.[7]

At Blackgrounds about 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) east of the village are the remains of a Roman villa beside the River Cherwell.[6] An investigation in 1849 found a Roman bathhouse 36 feet (11 m) long by 18 feet (5.5 m) wide, and four human burials have been found that may be related to the settlement.[6] Roman coins found at the site indicate that it was inhabited in the 3rd and 4th centuries AD.[6] English Heritage has placed the villa on its Heritage at Risk Register, citing threats from ploughing and a risk of collapse.[8]

Geology

2 miles (3 km) east of the village is Upper Cherwell at Trafford House at the confluence of the river Cherwell and Eydon Brook, which is designated as a SSSI due to its importance in the development of the theory of underfit streams.[9]

Manor

The Domesday Book records that in 1086 the manor of Chipping Warden was the caput of the estates of Guy de Raimbeaucourt (or Reimbercourt,[10] Reinbuedcurth[11] or Reinbuedcurt), a baron from Raimbeaucourt in northern France. There was also a Hundred of Chipping Warden that administered the southern part of Northamptonshire.

Guy was succeeded by his son Richard de Raimbeaucourt (circa 1093–1120).[12] Richard left no male heir so the barony of Chipping Warden passed via his daughter Margaret (born 1121) to his son-in-law Robert Foliot (circa 1118–1172),[13] to whom Henry II conceded the barony of Chipping Warden in the middle of the 12th century.[14] As Robert had a wife and son, presumably he is not the Robert Foliot who was Archdeacon of Oxford and later Bishop of Hereford.

The toponym "Chipping" is derived from the Old English cēping meaning "market". In 1238 Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln obtained royal letters from Henry III revoking Chipping Warden's right to hold a market.[15] This was because the Bishops of Lincoln controlled the market at Banbury and earned tolls from it, and Grosseteste feared that Chipping Warden was drawing trade away from Banbury.[15]

Parish church

In the Church of England parish church of St. Peter and St. Paul the north wall of the chancel contains two blocked-up Norman arches that suggest the building may date from about 1200.[16] The chancel contains a window that pre-dates 1300, but is probably not in its original position.[17] Other features from the Decorated Gothic period include the windows of the south aisle[17] and the east window of a room to the north of the chancel.[6] The east window of the chancel and the four-bay arcades between the nave and the north and south aisles are from the early part of the Perpendicular Gothic period.[17] The bell tower is also Perpendicular Gothic.[17] The parish is now part of the Church of England benefice of Culworth with Sulgrave and Thorpe Mandeville and Chipping Warden with Edgcote and Moreton Pinkney.[18]

Social and economic history

Chipping Warden Inclosure Act 1732
Act of Parliament
Parliament of Great Britain
Long titleAn Act for enclosing and dividing the Common Fields and Common Grounds, lying in the Manor and Parish of Chipping Warden, in the County of Northampton.
Citation6 Geo. 2. c. 6 Pr.
Dates
Royal assent17 May 1733

An open field system of farming prevailed in the parish until an act of Parliament, the Chipping Warden Inclosure Act 1732 (6 Geo. 2. c. 6 Pr.), was passed in May 1733 enabling Chipping Warden's common lands to be enclosed.[19]

In May 1744 a bill was moved in the House of Lords to dissolve the marriage between Henry Scudamore, 3rd Duke of Beaufort and Frances Scudamore.[20] Among witnesses who testified under oath before their Lordships was John Pargiter, a farmer of Chipping Warden, who stated:

"That, in the Beginning of June, 1741, he observed a Man (whom he described), and afterwards found it was Lord Talbot, to meet the Dutchess as she was walking alone in the Fields near that Place; and thereupon mentioned adulterous Familiarities which passed between them."[20]

Witnesses William Douglas and Thomas Bonham corroborated Pargiter's evidence.[20] The Journal of the House of Lords delicately omits the details of the "adulterous Familiarities" but records that subsequent witnesses testified "as to the sending for a Midwife to the Dutchess; her being delivered or brought to Bed of a Daughter".[20] After hearing this and evidence of the duchess's further adultery with Lord Talbot, the Lords passed the bill for the duke and duchess to be divorced, which became the Duke of Beaufort's Divorce Act 1743 (17 Geo. 2. c. 2 Pr.).[20]

RAF Chipping Warden, just northwest of the village, was built during the Second World War and commissioned in either 1941[21] or 1943[22][23] as a Bomber Command Operational Training Unit. It was decommissioned in 1946.[21][22] Its buildings are now an industrial estate.

Amenities

Chipping Warden has two public houses, The Griffin Inn and The Rose and Crown. The village has a primary school.[24]

References

  1. ^ a b "Area selected: South Northamptonshire (Non-Metropolitan District)". Neighbourhood Statistics: Full Dataset View. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  2. ^ "Towcester & Brackley Registration District". UKBMD. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  3. ^ "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 15 January 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  4. ^ "Key to English Place-names". kepn.nottingham.ac.uk.
  5. ^ "Arbury Banks". Historic England. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e Pevsner & Cherry, 1973, page 149
  7. ^ "English Heritage". www.english-heritage.org.uk.
  8. ^ "English Heritage | English Heritage". archive.ph. 24 July 2012.
  9. ^ Natural England Citation for Upper Cherwell at Trafford House Archived 27 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Wright & Lewis, 1983, pages 223-224
  11. ^ Salzman, 1939, pages 373-395
  12. ^ "Ancestors of Bob & Robyn Bray: Richard de Raimbeaucourt". Archived from the original on 24 July 2011.
  13. ^ "Ancestors of Bob & Robyn Bray: Robert Foliot". Archived from the original on 24 July 2011.
  14. ^ Mason, 1988, pages 93-107
  15. ^ a b Crossley, 1972, pages 49-71
  16. ^ Pevsner & Cherry, 1973, pages 148-149
  17. ^ a b c d Pevsner & Cherry, 1973, page 148
  18. ^ Archbishops' Council (2011). "Benefice of Culworth with Sulgrave and Thorpe Mandeville and Chipping Warden with Edgcote and Moreton Pinkney". A Church Near You. Church of England. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  19. ^ Journal of the House of Lords, 24, pages 267-273
  20. ^ a b c d e Journal of the House of Lords, 26, pages 286-287
  21. ^ a b "The Wartime Memories Project - RAF Chipping Warden". Archived from the original on 27 September 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2008.
  22. ^ a b "WW2 Control Towers: RAF & USAAF Airfields is under construction". www.controltowers.co.uk.
  23. ^ "Old Airfields: The Disused Airfields of Eastern England And other military installations: Northamptonshire. RAF Chipping Warden".
  24. ^ "Home | Chipping Warden Primary Academy". www.chippingwarden.northants.sch.uk.

Further reading

  • Crossley, Alan; Colvin, Christina; Cooper, Janet; Cooper, N.H.; Harvey, P.D.A.; Hollings, Marjory; Hook, Judith; Jessup, Mary; Lobel, Mary D.; Mason, J.F.A.; Trinder, B.S.; Turner, Hilary (1972). A History of the County of Oxford, Volume 10. Victoria County History. pp. 49–71.
  • Mason, Emma; Bray, Jennifer (1988). "Westminster Abbey Charters, 1066-c.1214". London Record Society. 25: 93–107.
  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (1973) [1961]. Northamptonshire. The Buildings of England (revised ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 148–149. ISBN 0-14-071022-1.
  • Salzman, L.F., ed. (1939). A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 1. Victoria County History. pp. 373–395.
  • Wright, A.P.M.; Lewis, C.P. (1989). A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 9: Chesterton, Northstowe, and Papworth Hundreds. Victoria County History. pp. 223–224.

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