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Chełmno Voivodeship
Województwo chełmińskie
Palatinatus Culmensis
Chełmno Voivodeship Województwo chełmińskie; Palatinatus Culmensis
Voivodeship of Poland¹; Part of Royal Prussia and Greater Poland provinces
1454–1793
	Coat of arms
	; Chełmno Voivodeship of the ; Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (in 1619)
Capital	Chełmno
Area
•	4,654 km2 (1,797 sq mi)
History
• Established	1454
• 2nd Peace of Toruń	1466
• Union of Lublin	1569
• 1st Polish partition	1772
• 2nd Polish partition	1793
Political subdivisions	Two lands divided into 7 counties
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	State of the Teutonic Order
West Prussia
Today part of	Poland
	¹ Voivodeship of the Polish Crown in the; Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland before 1569.

The Chełmno Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo chełmińskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland since 1454/1466 until the Partitions of Poland in 1772/1793. Its capital was at Chełmno.

Together with the Pomeranian and Malbork Voivodeships and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia it formed the province of Royal Prussia, and with several other voivodeships it formed the Greater Poland Province.

History

The Chełmno Land (later known in German as Kulmerland) had been part of the Polish Duchy of Masovia since 1138. It was occupied by pagan Old Prussian tribes in 1216, who struggled against their Christianization instigated by Bishop Christian of Oliva. After several unsuccessful attempts to reconquer Chełmno, Duke Konrad I of Masovia in 1226 called for support by the Teutonic Knights, who indeed approached and started a Prussian campaign, after the duke promised to grant the Chełmno Land as a fief to the Teutonic Order.

In the course of the Order's decline after the 1410 Battle of Grunwald, the citizens of Chełmno, Toruń (Thorn), Lubawa (Löbau), Brodnica, Grudziądz, Nowe Miasto and Radzyń co-formed the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation. In 1454, the organisation led an uprising against the rule of the Teutonic Knights, and asked King Casimir IV of Poland to reincorporate the region to the Kingdom of Poland, to which the King agreed and signed the act of reincorporation,^[1] which sparked the Thirteen Years' War between the Knights and the Kingdom of Poland. The towns and nobles of the region then took an oath of allegiance to Poland in Toruń in May 1454.^[2] The Chełmno Voivodeship was established the same year. After the Order's defeat, the reintegration of Chełmno Land with Poland was confirmed in the Second Peace of Thorn and together with the adjacent Lubawa Land in the east it formed the Chełmno Voivodeship of the Polish Crown, since the 1569 Union of Lublin part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The voivodeship was annexed by Prussia during the First Partition of Poland in 1772, except for the city of Toruń, which was not incorporated into the province of West Prussia until the 1793 Second Partition.

Administration

Voivodeship Governor (Wojewoda) seat:

Chełmno

Regional council (sejmik generalny)

Grudziądz

Regional councils (sejmik poselski i deputacki)

Administrative division:

Chełmno Land, (Ziemia Chełmińska), Chełmno
- Chełmno County, (Powiat Chełmiński), Chełmno
- Toruń County, (Powiat Toruński), Toruń
- Grudziądz County, (Powiat Grudziądzki), Grudziądz
- Radzyń County, (Powiat Radzyński), Radzyń
- Kowalewo County, (Powiat Kowalewski), Kowalewo
Michałowo Land, (Ziemia Michałowska), Lubawa
- Brodnica County, (Powiat Brodnicki), Brodnica
- Nowe Miasto County, (Powiat Nowomiejski), Nowe Miasto Lubawskie

Cities and towns

The largest city of the voivodeship was the royal city of Toruń,^[3] which as one of the largest and most influential cities of entire Poland enjoyed voting rights during the Royal free elections.^[4] Other royal cities and towns were Brodnica, Golub, Grudziądz, Kowalewo, Lidzbark, Łasin, Nowe Miasto, Radzyń, Rogoźno, whereas private church towns were Chełmno, Chełmża, Kurzętnik, Lubawa and Wąbrzeźno.^[3]

Voivodes

Augustyn z Szewy, 1454–1455
Gabriel Bażyński, 1455–1474
Ludwik Mortęski, 1475–1480
Mikołaj Dąbrowski, 1480–1483
Karol z Napola, 1484–1495
Jan Dąbrowski, 1498–1513
Jan Luzjański, 1514–1551
Stanisław Kostka, 1551–1555
Jan Działyński, 1556–1583
Mikołaj Działyński, 1584–1604
Maciej Konopacki, 1605–1611
Ludwik Mortęski, 1611–1615
Stanisław Działyński, 1615-1615
Jan Jakub Wejher, 1618–1626
Melchior Wejher, 1626–1643
Mikołaj Wejher, 1643–1647
Jan Działyński, 1647–1648
Jan Kos, 1648–1662
Piotr Działyński, 1663–1668
Jan Gniński, 1668–1680
Michał Działyński, 1681–1687
Jan Kos (died 1702),1688–1702
Tomasz Działyński, 1702–1714
Jakub Zygmunt Rybiński, 1714–1725
Franciszek Bieliński, 1725–1732
Jan Ansgary Czapski 1732–1738
Michał Wiktor Bieliński, 1738–1746
Zygmunt Kretkowski, 1746–1766
Franciszek Stanisław Hutten-Czapski, 1766–1802

References

^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. 54.
^ Górski, p. 76
^ ^a ^b Prusy Królewskie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany (in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 2021. p. 1.
^ Polska encyklopedja szlachecka, Tom I (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Kultury Historycznej. 1935. p. 42.