Chancellor of France
Head of the judiciary of Ancien-era France
Guillaume Jouvenel des Ursins , by Jean Fouquet , Musée du Louvre , Paris .
The Chancellor of France (French : Chancelier de France ), also known as the Grand Chancellor or Lord Chancellor ,[citation needed ] was the officer of state responsible for the judiciary of the Kingdom of France . The Chancellor was responsible for seeing that royal decrees were enrolled and registered by the sundry parlements , provincial appellate courts . However, since the Chancellor was appointed for life, and might fall from favour, or be too ill to carry out his duties, his duties would occasionally fall to his deputy, the Keeper of the Seals of France (Garde des sceaux de France ).
The last Chancellor died in 1790, by which time the French Revolution was well underway, and the position was left vacant. Instead, in 1791, the Chancellor's portfolio and responsibilities were assigned to the Keeper of the Seals who was accordingly given the additional title of Minister of Justice under the Revolutionary government. After the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, the position of the Chancellor was divorced from its judicial responsibilities and re-established as president of the Chamber of Peers , the upper house of the French parliament until 1848. The last Chancellor was Etienne-Denis Pasquier , appointed by King Louis Philippe I in 1837.
Frankish chancellors under the Merovingians and Carolingians
496–533: Rémi de Reims , known as Saint Rémi (Référendaire of France )
561: Siggo, référendaire to Sigebert I , then to Chilperic I and to Childebert II
618–638: Romain de Rouen , known as Saint Romain, bishop of Rouen
638–657: Dadon , known as Saint Ouen, grand référendaire to Dagobert I and also to Clovis II
657–695: Ansbert , bishop of Rouen , référendaire
695–710: Saint Bonit , bishop of Auvergne , référendaire to Sigebert III , king of Austrasia
652–673: Robert II, référendaire to Clotaire III
750–768: Fulard , Abbot of St. Denis , chancellor to Pepin the Short
796–800: Alcuin , Abbot of Tours, chancellor to Charlemagne as king of the Franks, prepared the Capitulaire De Villis
800–819: Fridgise , chancellor to Charlemagne , then to Louis the Pious
819–832: Adalard , chancellor to Louis the Pious
See also Royal Administration of Merovingian and Carolingian Dynasties .
Chancellors of France
Chancellor
Began
Ended
Renaud de Vendôme , Bishop of Paris
989
991
Gerbert d'Aurillac, later Pope Sylvester II
991
998
Roger de Blois
998
1005
Francon
1005
1015
Arnoul, Archbishop of Tours
1018
Baudouin
1030
circa 1059
Gervais de Château-du-Loir, Bishop of Le Mans
1059
1067
Pierre de Loiselève
1067
1073
Guillaume
1073
Roger II, Bishop of Beauvais
1074
1080
Geoffroy de Boulogne, Bishop of Paris
1074
1085
Gilbert
1085
1090
Ourson or Ursion, Bishop of Senlis
1090
Hubert, Bishop of Senlis
1091
1092
Gilbert
1094
1106
Étienne de Senlis , Bishop of Paris
1106
1118
Étienne de Garlande
1118
1127
Simon
1127
1132
Étienne de Garlande
1132
1137
Algrin
1137
1140
Noël, abbot of Rebais
1140
Cadurc
1140
1147
Barthélemy
1147
1149
Simon
1150
Hugues de Champfleury, Bishop of Soissons
1150
1172
Hugues du Puiset
1179
1185
Guérin, monk and Bishop of Senlis
1203
1227
Philippe d'Antogny
1227
1231
Aubry Cornu
1231
1236
Jean de la Cour
1236
1244
Nicolas Le Chien,
1244
1249
Gilles, Archbishop of Tyros
1249
1252
Raoul de Grosparmy
1252
1259
Guy Faucoi, later Pope Clement IV
before 1260
Simon de Brie, later Pope Martin IV
1259
1261
Philippe de Cahors, Prior of Saint-Frambaud de Senlis
1262
1270
Guillaume de Rampillon, Archdeacon of Paris
1270
Guillaume de Chartres , Dominican friar
1270
Pierre Barbet
1271
1273
Henri de Vézélay
1273
1282
Pierre Chalon
1282
1290
Jean de Vassoigne
1291
1292
Guillaume de Crépy
1293
1296
Thibaut de Pouancé, Bishop of Dol
1296
1297
Pierre Flote , knight
1297
1302
Étienne de Suizy
1302
1304
Pierre de Mornay , Bishop of Auxerre
1304
1306
Pierre de Grez
1306
Pierre de Belleperche, Bishop of Auxerre
1306
1307
Guillaume de Nogaret , knight
1307
1310
Gilles I Aycelin de Montaigu , Archbishop of Narbonne
1310
1311
Guillaume de Nogaret
1311
1313
Pierre de Latilly , Bishop of Châlons
1313
1314
Étienne de Mornay
1314
1316
Pierre d'Arabloy
1316
Pierre de Chappes
1317
1321
Jean de Cherchemont
1320
1321
Pierre Rodier
1321
1323
Jean de Cherchemont
1323
1328
Mathieu Ferrand
1328
1329
Jean de Marigny , Bishop of Beauvais
1329
Guillaume de Saint-Maure
1329
1334
Roger, Bishop of Arras , later Pope Clement VI
1334
Guy Baudet, bishop of Langres
1335
1338
Étienne de Vissac, knight
1338
1339
Guillaume Flote
1339
1347
Firmin de Coquerel, Bishop of Noyon
1347
1349
Pierre de la Forest , Archbishop of Rouen
1349
1357
Gilles Aycelin de Montaigut , Bishop of Thérouanne
1357
1358
Foulques Bardoul, Bishop of Avranches
1357
1359
Jean de Dormans, Bishop of Lisieux
1358
Pierre de la Forest , cardinal , Archbishop of Rouen
1359
1361
Gilles Aycelin de Montaigut , Bishop of Thérouanne
1361
Jean de Dormans, Bishop of Beauvais[ 1]
18 September 1361
1372
Guillaume de Dormans
1372
1373
Jean de Dormans,
1373
Pierre d'Orgemont (First President of the Parlement of Paris )[ 2]
20 November 1373
1380
Miles de Dormans , Bishop of Beauvais
October 1380
1383
Pierre de Giac
1383
December 1388
Arnaud de Corbie
December 1388
1398
Nicolas du Bosc , Bishop of Bayeux
1398
1400
Arnaud de Corbie
1400
1405
Jean de Montagu, Archbishop of Sens
1405
1413
Arnaud de Corbie
1409
8 August 1413
Eustache de Laistre
1413
Henri de Marie
August 1413
29 May 1418
Robert le Maçon
1418
Eustache de Laistre
1418
1420
Robert le Maçon
1419
1421
Jean Le Clerc, Burgundian party .[ 3]
1420
1424
Martin Gouge , Bishop of Clermont, Charles VII 's faction
1421
1425
Lewis of Luxembourg , Bishop of Thérouanne, Burgundian party
1424
1435
Renault de Chartres , Archbishop of Reims, Charles VII 's faction
1425
1445
Guillaume Jouvenel des Ursins
1445
1461
Pierre de Morvilliers
1461
1465
Guillaume Jouvenel des Ursins
1465
1472
Pierre Doriole
1472
1483
Guillaume de Rochefort
1483
12 August 1492
Adam Fumée
1492
November 1494
Robert Briçonnet , Archbishop of Reims
August 1495
1497
Guy de Rochefort
1497
1507/1508
Jean de Ganay
1508
1512
Antoine Duprat , Cardinal, Archbishop of Sens and Bishop of Albi
1515
1535
Antoine du Bourg
1535
1538
Guillaume Poyet
1538
1545
François Olivier
1545
1560
Michel de l'Hôpital
1560
1573
René de Birague , Cardinal
1573
1583
Philippe Hurault, comte de Cheverny
1583
1599
Pomponne de Bellièvre
2 August 1599
9 September 1607
Nicolas Brûlart de Sillery
10 September 1607
1 October 1624
Étienne I d'Aligre
3 October 1624
11 December 1635
Pierre Séguier
19 December 1635
28 January 1672
Étienne II d'Aligre
8 January 1674
28 October 1677
Michel Le Tellier
29 October 1677
30 October 1685
Louis Boucherat, Count of Compans
1 November 1685
2 September 1699
Louis Phélypeaux, Comte de Pontchartrain
5 September 1699
1 July 1714
Daniel Voysin de La Noiraye
2 July 1714
2 February 1717
Henri François d'Aguesseau
3 February 1717
27 October 1750
Guillaume de Lamoignon de Blancmesnil
10 December 1750
14 September 1768
René Charles de Maupeou
15 September 1768
16 September 1768
René Nicolas de Maupeou
16 September 1768
1 July 1790
Keepers of the Seals, 1699–1790
See also
Notes
^ Conradus Eubel, Hierarchia catholica medii aevi Tomus I, editio altera (Monasterii 1913), p. 132.
^ The only chancellor to have been elected by an assembly gathered by Charles V.
^ Chancellor for Henry VI 's position as king of France.