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Cerithioidea; Temporal range: Triassic–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	A live individual of Terebralia palustris, family Potamididae
	A beachworn shell of Maoricolpus roseus, family Turritellidae. Most of the body whorl has been broken off in this specimen, possibly by a predator such as a crab.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Superfamily:	Cerithioidea; Fleming, 1822
Diversity
	1092-1164 extant species; about 200 extant genera; 17 extant families

The Cerithioidea is a superfamily of marine, brackish water and freshwater gastropod containing more than 200 genera. The Cerithioidea are included unassigned in the subclass Caenogastropoda. The original name of this superfamily was Cerithiacea, in keeping with common superfamily endings at the time.

Ecology

Cerithioidea is a very diverse superfamily. Its species can be found worldwide mainly in tropic and subtropic seas on rocky intertidal shores, seagrass beds and algal fronds, but also in estuarine and freshwater habitats. The freshwater species are found on all continents, except Antarctica. They are dominant members of mangrove forests, estuarine mudflats, fast-flowing rivers and placid lakes.^[3]

Fossil record

Their fossil record of this superfamily can be traced back as far as the early Triassic^[1]^[4] but they began radiating mainly during the Cretaceous.^[5]

Taxonomy

The Cerithioidea are presumed to be monophyletic (one lineage).^[6] However the phylogenetic relationships between its families are still under investigation because mitochondrial recombinant DNA sequences failed to resolve these questions.^{[citation needed]}

2005 taxonomy

According to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005),^[7] the following families are included in Cerithioidea:

Amphimelaniidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1891
Batillariidae Thiele, 1929 - monophyletic
† Brachytrematidae Cossmann, 1906
† Cassiopidae Beurlen, 1967
Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822 - monophyletic
Dialidae Kay, 1979
Diastomatidae Cossman, 1894
† Eustomatidae Cossmann, 1906
† Ladinulidae Bandel, 1992
† Lanascalidae Bandel, 1992
Litiopidae Gray, 1847
† Maoraxidae Bandel, Gründel, Maxwell, 2000
Melanopsidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 - freshwater snails, polyphyletic
Modulidae P. Fischer, 1884
Pachychilidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892
Paludomidae Stoliczka, 1868
Pelycidiidae Ponder & Hall, 1983
Pickworthiidae Iredale, 1917
Planaxidae Gray, 1850
Pleuroceridae P. Fischer, 1885 (1863) - freshwater snails, polyphyletic
† Popenellidae Bandel, 1992
Potamididae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 - monophyletic
† Procerithiidae Cossmann, 1906 - If the genus Argyropeza is placed in the Procerithiidae, then this family is no longer exclusively a family of fossils.
† Propupaspiridae Nützel, Pan & Erwin, 2002
† Prostyliferidae Bandel, 1992
Scaliolidae Jousseaume, 1912 - monophyletic
Semisulcospiridae J. P. E. Morrison, 1952
Siliquariidae Anton, 1838
Thiaridae Gill, 1871 (1823) - freshwater snails, polyphyletic
Turritellidae Lovén, 1847 - monophyletic
Zemelanopsidae Neiber & Glaubrecht, 2019

(Extinct taxa indicated by a dagger, †.)

It is possible that a further detailed examination may show that the polyphyletic families Melanopsidae and Pleuroceridae are one family. There is also a close phylogenetic relationship between the families Modulidae and Potamididae and between the families Cerithiidae and Litiopidae.

2006 taxonomy

Bandel (2006)^[1] made numerous changes in Cerithioidea. He classified superfamily Cerithioidea in the clade Cerithimorpha.^[1]

Changes include:

superfamily Cerithioidea

family Bittiidae Cossmann, 1906 - consider Bittiidae in its own family level. It was as subfamily Bittiinae within Cerithiidae by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.
family † Maturifusidae - moved to Cerithioidea from Hypsogastropoda
family † Canterburyellidae - moved to Cerithioidea from unallocated Sorbeoconcha
family † Prisciphoridae - moved to Cerithioidea from unallocated Sorbeoconcha
family † Zardinellopsidae Bandel, 2006 - new family
family Pachymelaniidae - considered as valid family. It was as synonym of Thiaridae.
some Pyrguliferidae members (a synonym) are in Paludomidae and some are in Paramelaniidae^{[clarification needed]} (instead of Thiaridae)
family Paramelaniidae at family level (instead of a synonym of Paludomidae)
and some moves to other taxa

2009 taxonomy

Subfamily Semisulcospirinae within Pleuroceridae was elevated to family level under the name Semisulcospiridae by Strong & Köhler (2009).^[8]

2017 Taxonomy

In the updated taxonomy by Bouchet et al. (2017)are listed below:^[9]^[10]

Batillariidae Thiele, 1929
† Brachytrematidae Cossmann, 1906
Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822
Dialidae Kay, 1979
Diastomatidae Cossmann, 1894
† Eustomatidae Cossmann, 1906
Hemisinidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1891
† Ladinulidae Bandel, 1992
Litiopidae Gray, 1847
† Maoraxidae Bandel, Gründel & Maxwell, 2000
Melanopsidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
† Metacerithiidae Cossmann, 1906
Modulidae P. Fischer, 1884
Pachychilidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892
Paludomidae Stoliczka, 1868
Pelycidiidae Ponder & Hall, 1983
Pickworthiidae Iredale, 1917
Planaxidae Gray, 1850
Pleuroceridae P. Fischer, 1885 (1863)
† Popenellidae Bandel, 1992
Potamididae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
† Procerithiidae Cossmann, 1906
† Propupaspiridae Nützel, Pan & Erwin, 2002
† Prostyliferidae Bandel, 1992
Scaliolidae Jousseaume, 1912
Semisulcospiridae Morrison, 1952
Siliquariidae Anton, 1838
Thiaridae Gill, 1871 (1823)
Turritellidae Lovén, 1847

Unassigned:

Microstilifer Warén, 1980

The following two extinct families were moved out:

Lanascalidae Bandel, 1992 †
Metacerithiidae Cossmann, 1906 †

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bandel K. (2006). "Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the Recent characterized by protoconch morphology - including the description of new taxa". Freiberger Forschungshefte C 511: 59-138. PDF^{[permanent dead link‍]}.
^ Strong, E. E.; Colgan, D. J.; Healy, J. M.; Lydeard, C.; Ponder, W. F.; Glaubrecht, M. (2011). "Phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily Cerithioidea using morphology and molecules". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162: 43–89. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00670.x.
^ Healy J. M. & Wells F. E. (). Mollusca, The Southern Syntthesis. Fauna of Australia. Melbourne, CSIRO publishing. 707 pp.
^ Tracey S., Todd J. A. & Erwin D. H. (1993). The Fossil Record. London, Chapman & Hall. pages 131-167.
^ Houbrick R. S. (1988). "Prosobranch Phylogeny". Malacological Review, Supplement 4: 88-128.
^ Colgan, D. J.; Ponder, W. F.; Eggler, P. E. (2000). "Gastropod evolutionary rates and phylogenetic relationships assessed using partial 28S rDNA and histone H3 sequences". Zoologica Scripta. 29: 29–63. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2000.00021.x. S2CID 84342267.
^ Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
^ Strong, E. E.; Köhler, F. (2009). "Morphological and molecular analysis of 'Melania' jacquetiDautzenberg and Fischer, 1906: From anonymous orphan to critical basal offshoot of the Semisulcospiridae (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea)". Zoologica Scripta. 38 (5): 483. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00385.x. S2CID 86163594.
^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. (2017). "Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families". Malacologia. 61 (1–2): 1–526. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201. S2CID 91051256.
^ Bank R, Bouchet P, Gofas S (2017-07-15). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Cerithioidea J. Fleming, 1822". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2018-03-16.

External links

Halder K. & Sinha P. (2014). "Some Eocene Cerithioids (Gastropoda, Mollusca) from Kutch, Western India, and Their Bearing on Palaeobiogeography of the Indian Subcontinent". Paleontology Journal 2014: Article ID 673469, 11 pp. doi:10.1155/2014/673469.
Lydeard C.; Holznagel W. E.; Glaubrecht M. & Ponder W. F. (2002). "Molecular Phylogeny of Circum-Global, Diverse Gastropod Superfamily (Cerithioidea: Mollusca : Caenogastropoda) - Pushing the Deepest Phylogenetic Limits of Mitochondrial LSU rDNA Sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 22 (3): 399–406. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1072. PMID 11884164.