The Catholic Church is "the Catholic Communion of Churches, both Roman and Eastern, or Oriental, that are in full communion with the Bishop of Rome (the pope)."[2] The church is also known by members as the People of God, the Body of Christ, the "Temple of the Holy Spirit", among other names.[2] According to Vatican II's Gaudium et spes, the "church has but one sole purpose–that the kingdom of God may come and the salvation of the human race may be accomplished."[2][3]
This communion of churches comprises the Latin Church (or the Roman or Western Church) as well as 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, canonically called sui juris churches, each led by either a patriarch or a major archbishop in full communion with the Bishop of Rome. Historically, these bodies separated from Eastern Christian communions, either to remain in or to return to full communion with the Catholic Church. Vatican II decree on Eastern Catholic Churches, however, explicitly recognizes Eastern Catholic communities as "true Churches" and not just rites within the Catholic Church.[4] This Communion of Churches "exists among and between the individual Churches and dioceses of the universal Catholic Church. Its structural expression is the College of Bishops, each of whom represents and embodies his own local church."[5] In addition to Eastern Catholic Churches, the Catholic Church oversees the Catholic Charismatic renewal, the largest Charismatic movement of a single institution in 2020, with over 100 million members, primarily in the Global South.[6] The Catholic Church is also described as an "amalgam of parts" (i.e., thousands of individual dioceses, religious orders, etc.) globally dispersed, but in communion with Rome.[7]
The Catholic Church is the "world's oldest continuously functioning international institution."[8] It is also the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world,[9] while the diplomatic status of the Holy See facilitates the access of its vast international network of charities. Some of these entities include 5,000 hospitals, 10,000 orphanages, 95,000 elementary schools and 47,000 secondary schools.[10]
Most of the figures are taken from the CIA Factbook[11] or PEW Research Center Surveys.[12][13][14] In Latin American countries, Latinobarometro is often cited.[15] In Germany and other German speaking regions of Europe, there are official membership statistics due to the fact that the government collects a church tax based on these membership lists. For this reason, statistics are not grounded on surveys based solely on self-identification. One's baptismal certificate or any other religious document is likewise secondary to church statistics.[16] This method might explain the discrepancy between Pew's figures on Germany[17] and the church figures.[18][19]
According to the CIA Factbook and the Pew Research Center, the five countries with the largest number of Catholics are, in decreasing order of Catholic population:
The country where the membership of the church is the largest percentage of the population is Vatican City at 100%, followed by East Timor at 97%.
According to the Census of the 2023 Annuario Pontificio (Pontifical Yearbook), the number of baptized Catholics in the world was about 1.376 billion at the end of 2021. The research initiative Catholics & Cultures compiles data on Catholic demographics, including from the Annuario Pontificio, by country.[20]
Conflicting numbers can be found in 2013 research conducted by the Brazilian polling institute Datafolha. This report states that the percentage of the population in Brazil of Catholic religion, over the age of 16 years, is just 57%,[21] in contrast to the 64.63% published by CIA and to the 68.6% of Pew Research Center. Also, the 2010 Mexican Census showed this percentage to be 83.9%[22] – against a 91.89% number in the CIA World Factbook.
By country
By clicking on the icons in the column titles, the table can be re-ordered by column.
These percentages were calculated by using the above numbers. The first percentage, 4th column, is the percentage of population that is Catholic in a region (number in the region x 100 / total population of the region). The last column shows the national Catholic percentage compared to the total Catholic population of the world (number in the region x 100 / total RC population of the world).
^Dr. Todd M. Johnson, "Pentecostal/Charismatic Christianity" World Christian Encyclopedia 3rd edition, Edinburgh University Press, 2019.
^Michael W. Higgins, "Promises to keep," The Tablet, 2 July 2022, 10. As Canadian bishops noted in the article, there is no "Catholic church of Canada" (i.e., no national church as the Anglican "Church of Canada" or "Church of England"), only a "Catholic Church in Canada." "Its dioceses report to Rome, not to Ottawa; the Church is not a national or univocal entity but an amalgam of separate parts." Each diocese operates self-reliantly or independently of the others.
^Mark A. Noll. THE NEW SHAPE OF WORLD CHRISTIANITY (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2009), 191.
^Latinobarometro, Opinion Publica Latinoamericana, Enero 2018.
^"Church Tax In Germany Explained [2021 English Guide] by Jen-July 3, 2021. Simple Germany
^"Five Centuries After Reformation, Catholic-Protestant Divide in Western Europe Has Faded," Pew Research Center, 31 July 2017
^See Philip Hammond, "Religion and the Persistence of Identify," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 27, 1988. According to Pew stats (31 July 2017, "Five Centuries After the Reformation," p. 4), 42% of Germans polled self-identified as Catholic. However, according to the official records of the German Catholic Church (based on the church tax), less than 28% were listed as Catholic.
^Also see: "German Catholics' Path to Heaven Comes with Taxes," Sylvia Poggioli, All Things Considered, NPR, 9 Oct., 2012
^Deeb, Mary Jane. "Religious minorities" Algeria (Country Study). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress; Helen Chapan Metz, ed. December 1993. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.[1]
^"Costa Rica". The World Factbook. 11 February 2022. Roman Catholic 71.8%, Evangelical and Pentecostal 12.3%, other Protestant 2.6%, Jehovah's Witness 0.5%, other 2.4%, none 10.4%
^"Czechia (2021 census)". Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^"ECUADOR 2018 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT"(PDF). According to a 2012 survey by the National Institute of Statistics and Census, the most recent government survey available, approximately 92 percent of the population professes a religious affiliation or belief. Of those, 80.4 percent is Roman Catholic; 11.3 percent evangelical Christian, including Pentecostals; and 1.3 percent Jehovah's Witnesses. Seven percent belongs to other religious groups.
^data for both Latin (37.2%) and Greek Catholic (1.9%) Churches in communion with Rome, Factbook CIA, Oct. 6, 2023 https://www.cia.gov> the-world-factbook
^Special Eurobarometer 493, European Union: European Commission, September 2019, pages 229-230, Ec.europa.eu Retrieved 17 January 2020. The question asked was "Do you consider yourself to be...?" With a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox Christian, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim - Shia, Muslim - Sunni, Other Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, Non believer/Agnostic and Other. Also space was given for Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) and Don't Know. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist and Hindu did not reach the 1% threshold.
^Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (Centre for Sociological Research) (November 2018). "Barómetro de noviembre de 2018"(PDF) (in Spanish). p. 21. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
^Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (Centre for Sociological Research) (June 2015). "Barómetro de junio de 2015"(PDF) (in Spanish). p. 131. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
^Torrón, Javier Martínez- (2018). Religion and Law in Spain. Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN9789403500447. The last months' surveys show that approximately 70% of the Spanish people recognize themselves as Catholic
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