The CDP is located in the southeast corner of Garfield County, in the valley of the Roaring Fork River. Colorado State Highway 82 forms the northern edge of the CDP; it leads northwest 16 miles (26 km) to Glenwood Springs, the Garfield County seat, and southeast 24 miles (39 km) to Aspen. Catherine is bordered to the west by Mulford and to the east by El Jebel in Eagle County. The town of Carbondale is 5 miles (8 km) to the west.
The Catherine CDP has an area of 549 acres (2.223 km2), all land.[2]