Cat's Eye (manga)

Cat's Eye
Eighth tankōbon volume cover, featuring the three Kisugi sisters
キャッツ アイ
(Kyattsu Ai)
Genre
Manga
Written byTsukasa Hojo
Published byShueisha
English publisherCoamix
ImprintJump Comics
MagazineWeekly Shōnen Jump
DemographicShōnen
Original runSeptember 14, 1981January 22, 1985
Volumes18 (List of volumes)
Anime television series
Directed byYoshio Takeuchi
Produced by
  • Norio Hatsukawa
  • Shunzo Kato
Written byJunichi Iioka
Music byKazuo Otani
StudioTokyo Movie Shinsha
Licensed by
Original networkNNS (NTV)
English network
Original run July 11, 1983 March 26, 1984
Episodes36 (List of episodes)
Anime television series
Cat's Eye 2
Directed byKenji Kodama
Produced by
  • Norio Hatsukawa
  • Shunzo Kato
Written byJunichi Iioka
Music byKazuo Otani
StudioTokyo Movie Shinsha
Licensed by
  • NA:
    • Nozomi Entertainment (former)
    • Discotek Media (current)
Original networkNNS (NTV)
Original run October 8, 1984 July 8, 1985
Episodes37 (List of episodes)
Manga
Cat's Eyes
Written bySakura Nakameguro
Illustrated byShin Asai
Published byTokuma Shoten
MagazineMonthly Comic Zenon
DemographicSeinen
Original runOctober 25, 2010January 25, 2014
Volumes8
Original net animation
Licensed byDisney Platform Distribution
Released 2025 scheduled
Other

Cat's Eye (Japanese: キャッツ♥アイ, Hepburn: Kyattsu Ai, stylized as CAT'SEYE) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tsukasa Hojo. It was serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1981 to 1985, with its chapters collected into 18 tankōbon. The story follows the adventures of the three Kisugi sisters — Hitomi, Rui and Ai, who are formidable art thieves trying to collect all the works belonging to their missing father.

The manga was made into a televised anime series of the same name originally broadcast in 1983 to 1984 on Nippon Television, with a second season in 1985. It has also received three live-action adaptations; a TV movie in 1988, a theatrical film in 1997, and a French TV series in 2024. A crossover original net animation (ONA) with Lupin III produced by TMS Entertainment, titled Lupin the 3rd vs. Cat's Eye, premiered on Amazon Prime Video in 2023. A new ONA adaptation is set to premiere on Disney+ in 2025.

Cat's Eye is one of Weekly Shōnen Jump's best-selling manga series of all time, with over 20 million copies sold.

Plot

Hitomi Kisugi, along with her older sister Rui and her younger sister Ai, run a café called "Cat's Eye" in Tokyo. The sisters lead a double life as a trio of highly skilled art thieves, stealing works of art which primarily belonged to their long-missing father, Michael Heinz, who was a famous art collector during the Nazi regime. Hitomi's fiancé is Toshio Utsumi, a clumsy young police officer who is investigating the Cat's Eye case. Despite being a frequent visitor to the café he is unaware of the double life of the girls. Hitomi regularly informs the police in advance about her next job using a signature "Cat's Eye" calling card, and then uses Toshio's research about the security surrounding the target to help plan the job.

At the end of the series, Heinz leaves a note for his daughters stating that he cannot reveal himself yet because the mafia may kill him, but he may appear in five years' time. However, the "Heinz" turns out to be the sisters' treacherous uncle Cranaff, who betrayed Michael years earlier. After losing a final bet to Cat's Eye, Cranaff decides to atone for his sin by setting fire to the museum, killing himself. Hitomi eventually admits to Toshio that she is part of Cat's Eye and flees before he can arrest her. Toshio vows to track her down, attempting to "arrest" Hitomi at the airport with a wedding ring. He resigns from the police force and travels to America to find Hitomi, but finds that she has lost her memory due to viral meningitis. Toshio spends time with her until her memories come back, and the two rekindle their relationship.

Characters

Hitomi Kisugi (来生 瞳, Kisugi Hitomi)
Voiced by: Keiko Toda (Japanese); Alexis Tipton (City Hunter: Shinjuku Private Eyes),[3] Alicyn Packard (Lupin the 3rd vs. Cat's Eye)[4] (English)
Hitomi is the main protagonist of the series. Second daughter of Michael Heinz, Hitomi is usually the one who actually commits the heists, and is hence uniquely referred to as the Cat's Eye. Like Rui, she is an accomplished athlete and well versed in a number of disciplines and skills ranging from horseback riding to safe cracking. She is a skilled gymnast and is able to perform complex acrobatic moves with ease and grace. She is able to escape most restraints and handcuffs with minimal effort, and it is inferred that she is ambidextrous as well as double jointed. She is a skilled martial artist with proficiency in a number of disciplines, most notably judo, boxing and karate, and also has degrees in kendo and aikido. Hitomi is very charming, clever, sweet, sisterly, loyal, cunning, flirtatious, caring and kind-hearted.
Like Rui, Hitomi is also able to disguise her appearance effortlessly and can speak several other languages.
Rui Kisugi (来生 泪, Kisugi Rui)
Voiced by: Toshiko Fujita (TV series), Keiko Toda (City Hunter: Shinjuku Private Eyes), Rika Fukami (Lupin the 3rd vs. Cat's Eye, City Hunter The Movie: Angel Dust) (Japanese); Dawn M. Bennett (City Hunter: Shinjuku Private Eyes),[3] Cristina Vee (Lupin the 3rd vs. Cat's Eye)[5] (English)
Rui is the second protagonist of the series. Hitomi's elegant and fashionable older sister, Rui is the leader and brain of the “Cat's Eye” group and the one who usually outlines strategies and plans the heists. With model good looks, worldly sophistication, and a razor-sharp intelligence she is able to handle almost any situation. She is extremely athletic and proficient in a great number of activities and skills including car racing, hang gliding, parachuting, helicopter piloting, motorcycle riding, roller skating, skateboarding, martial arts, electronics, handguns and scuba diving. She is a skilled actress and is able to disguise her appearance effortlessly. She is also fluent in a number of languages including English, French and German; she can also read lips accurately.
Rui acts as the mother figure for her sisters and is very protective of them. She is the only sister who has any lasting memory of their parents.
Ai Kisugi (来生 愛, Kisugi Ai)
Voiced by: Chika Sakamoto (Japanese); Megan Shipman (City Hunter: Shinjuku Private Eyes),[3] Deneen Melody (Lupin the 3rd vs. Cat's Eye)[6] (English)
Ai is the third protagonist of the series. As baby sister of the trio, Ai has a spunky, tomboyish personality and demeanor, and has a genius-level I.Q. and is particularly adept in mechanics, computer programming and engineering. She has built a wide array of gadgets to help her sisters in their heists. A typical teenager, she seems to be preoccupied a lot and dreams of falling in love. Being a high school girl, she also has a pet tabby kitten called "Tiger".
While not as skilled as her sisters, Ai has none-the-less mastered a number of skills and is regularly the one who operates the get-away vehicles for the heists, including helicopters, gyrocopters, trucks, motorcycles, cars and mini-planes. Her greatest weakness lies in the fact she is physically the weakest of the three siblings (evident in the anime when she tried to suplex a wrestler, only to have the maneuver backfire on her), but in exchange, she is also the most agile.
Toshio Utsumi (内海 俊夫, Utsumi Toshio)
Voiced by: Yoshito Yasuhara (Japanese); Ryan Colt Levy (Lupin the 3rd vs. Cat's Eye)[7] (English)
Toshio is Hitomi's high school sweetheart. Toshio always dreamed of being a police detective even when in high school, and upon graduation from Academy was assigned to the Inunaki (犬鳴, "Crying Dog") District Police Station in the heart of Tokyo. While Toshio has wanted to marry Hitomi, he has vowed not to until he has captured the Cat's Eye (he has, however, made the first step and proposed to her).
While a bit clumsy, very gullible, unlucky and not very good at finding clues, his dogged determination and unyielding persistence has impressed his supervisors. He is, however, very stubborn and gets into verbal fights with his Chief constantly. Toshio doesn't carry a gun and prefers to use his wits and fists to contend with criminals. He has a weakness for beautiful women (especially blondes) and constantly makes Hitomi jealous.
Boss (課長, Kacho)
Voiced by: Kenji Utsumi
Toshio's demanding Section Chief, who oversees the Detective's Division of the Inunaki Precinct. Nothing really is known about him, even his full name is never disclosed. He is constantly at odds with Toshio over his handling of the Cat's Eye investigation, and scolds Toshio at every opportunity.
Mitsuko Asatani (浅谷 光子, Asatani Mitsuko)
Voiced by: Yoshiko Sakakibara
A special investigator sent in from Tokyo Police HQ to assist in the Cat's Eye investigations. Asatani has a very shrewd intellect and has a very cunning personality, and is considered an elite officer of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department. She is an expert markswoman (won the All-Japan Air Pistol Championships) and is proficient in several martial art forms, she's a 4th-degree black belt in karate and 2nd degree black belt in judo, making her more than a match for Hitomi. She is also quite a beauty, even being crowned a beauty queen during one of Cat's Eye cases. She is one of the first person to suspect Hitomi as the true identity of Cat's Eye, but is never able to find definitive proof. Her main weakness is that she must wear prescription glasses all the time, as she is practically blind without them.
While never really elaborated in the TV series, in the manga she is said to have a secret crush on Toshio, much to the chagrin of Hitomi.
Michael Heinz (ミケール・ハインツ)
An artistic wunderkind in Germany during the 1930s, Heinz was so gifted that by age 10 he already began composing the beginnings of his impressive art collection, which contains not only elaborate paintings and lithographs but also one-of-a-kind jewelry, sculptures and metal works. Heinz's was even able to create exquisite musical instruments. As such Heinz's works were highly sought among art collectors and galleries and many would pay exorbitant amounts to own one of his works.
When the Nazi party began taking over Germany, Heinz fled the country for fear of political/artistic suppression. Traveling around the world, he eventually settled down in Japan, where he met and married a young Japanese woman and it results of the Kisugi sisters being born. After the birth of their third daughter Ai Kisugi, Heinz travelled to the United States, where he disappeared under mysterious circumstances. His vast and priceless collection of art works were soon auctioned off and dispersed to art dealers around the world. Eventually, many pieces found their way to Japan in the hands of various private deals (many with criminal ties). In subsequent years, the collection were stolen piece by piece, regardless of heavy security, by a trio of thieves calling themselves "Cat's Eye", who were actually Heinz's grown-up daughters seeking clues to his whereabouts and hoping to get his attention to get him out of hiding.
Rui, Hitomi and Ai find that their father is in the U.S. and they go there to track him down. It is eventually revealed that Michael was actually betrayed and forced into exile by his jealous twin brother Cranaff (クラナッフ), who then stole Michael's identity for profit with the syndicate. The revelation ends the sisters' hope of finding their father through recollecting his art work, and the Cat's Eye cease operations afterwards.
Sadatsugu Nagaishi (永石 定嗣, Nagaishi Sadatsugu)
Voiced by: Tamio Ōki, Mugihito (Lupin the 3rd vs. Cat's Eye)
Trusted friend and confidant to the three sisters, a very good friend of Heinz and his wife. Nagaishi provides detailed information for Cat's Eye's heists and also helps them acquire any hardware and/or other sophisticated equipment that they may need that Ai cannot provide. His background is a mystery but he may have been a member of the Armed Forces as he has some military expertise.
Kazumi (和美)
Voiced by: Chiyoko Kawashima
A girl from Ai's school who took a picture of Hitomi while shooting photographs of the moon with a telelens. She later boasted to one of her friends that she had taken pictures of Cat's Eye, sending Ai (who overheard the conversation) panicking. Kasumi became determined to reveal Cat's Eye's true nature and planned to go to the place Cat's Eye's next target with her camera. She managed to get a good look at the backside of Cat's Eye and thought that Hitomi fits that picture very well, and became only more convinced when she sees Hitomi playing around with some punks in the park. Asatani has noticed this too and takes Kazumi into her confidence. With a story about her dad being away (that it is unsafe for a young girl to be alone at home), Kazumi infiltrates into the Kisugi's home and asks Ai to let her stay the night. However, the Kisugi sisters managed to cunningly circumvent Kazumi's suspicion by appearing that Hitomi was still at home during the Cat's Eye mission.

Media

Manga

Tsukasa Hojo's Cat's Eye was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump from September 14, 1981,[8] to October 15, 1984,[9] (an additional chapter was published on January 22, 1985)[10] with the chapters collected into 18 tankōbon by Shueisha. It was later re-released as 10 aizōban in 1994, 10 bunkoban in 1996, and 15 kanzenban between 2005 and 2006. The kanzenban release was published by Tokuma Shoten.

Coamix started publishing the manga digitally in English on the Imagineer's MangaHotto (MangaHot) digital platform.[11]

A remake manga of the series drawn by Shingo Asai, also titled Cat's Eye (キャッツ・愛, Kyattsu Ai) ("Eye" was spelled with the kanji for "love"; sometimes referred as Cat's Eyes), began publication in the debut issue of Tokuma Shoten's Monthly Comic Zenon anthology, which was published on October 25, 2010.[12] It was serialized until January 25, 2014, which comprises eight tankōbon volumes.[13][14]

Other books

In December 1996, a novel by Hideo Takayashiki was published.

On March 22, 2000, Parrot: Blessed Person—Tsukasa Hōjō Short Story Collection (Parrot 幸福の人—北条司短編集, Parotto: Kōfuku no Hito—Hōjō Tsukasa Tanpenshū) was published. It was written by Tsukasa Hojo with digital work by Futoshi Nagata.

Anime

Cat's Eye was adapted into an anime series by Tokyo Movie Shinsha and directed by Yoshio Takeuchi. 36 episodes were broadcast between July 11, 1983 until March 26, 1984.[15] A second series was later produced that ran for 37 episodes from October 8, 1984 until July 8, 1985.[16]

In 2007, ImaginAsian broadcast the first season of the first anime on ImaginAsian TV, and then gave the first half of the series its first North American home video release. Right Stuf Inc. announced that they licensed the entire series in 2013 and will release it on DVD under their Nozomi label.[17] The entire anime series was released in North American on two DVDs in July and November 2014. In April 2019, it was announced that the Right Stuf license has expired.[18] In December 2021, Discotek Media announced the rights to the anime series for release on Blu-ray, releasing it on two sets on April 26 and November 29, 2022.[19][20][21]

In 2019, the Kisugi sisters appeared in the animated film City Hunter the Movie: Shinjuku Private Eyes as a crossover. Chika Sakamoto and Keiko Toda reprised their respective roles from the 80s anime series as Ai and Hitomi, with Toda also voicing Rui due to the 2018 death of Toshiko Fujita.[22]

On September 22, 2022, TMS Entertainment announced a CGI-based crossover anime with Lupin III: Lupin III vs Cat's Eye. The anime was directed by Kōbun Shizuno and Hiroyuki Seshita, with Keisuke Ide serving as assistant director, Shūji Kuzuhara writing the scripts, Yuji Ohno and Kazuo Otani composing the music, and Haruhisa Nakata and Junko Yamanaka designing the characters. Keiko Toda reprised her role Hitomi Kisugi. On December 6, 2022, it was revealed that Chika Sakamoto and Yoshito Yasuhara would reprise their respective roles as Ai and Toshio, with Rika Fukami taking over the role of Rui.[23] The anime premiered on Amazon Prime Video as a worldwide exclusive on January 27, 2023.[24]

In 2023, the Kisugi sisters appeared in the animated film City Hunter The Movie: Angel Dust, with Keiko Toda, Rika Fukami, and Chika Sakamoto reprising their roles.[25]

On November 21, 2024, a new original net animation (ONA) adaptation was announced. It is set to premiere on Disney+ as a worldwide exclusive in 2025.[26]

Live-action film

On August 27, 1997, the live-action movie adaption Cat's Eye was released. The film is directed by Kaizo Hayashi and starring Yuki Uchida and Norika Fujiwara.

Live-action series

On March 9, 2023, the newspaper Le Parisien reported that a French live-action drama version of the series is being produced by TF1 and directed by Alexandre Laurent, with considerations to release the series overseas.[27] The series is produced by Amazon Prime Video alongside Big Band Story; the former will stream the series outside of France.[28] The series will consist of eight 52-minute episodes.[29]

Reception

The Cat's Eye manga has had over 20 million copies in circulation.[30]

Allen Moody of THEM Anime Reviews gave the anime adaptation a rating of 3 out of 5 stars. He praised the story and how the heists were set up, comparing it to the Mission: Impossible TV series, however he noted that it gets very repetitive as the series progresses. He also handed out praise for the three main female leads and their character development, but criticized the poor treatment of the main male lead, Toshio. He also criticized the ending for not being as satisfying as the manga's, but over noted that "most of all, the oceans of guilt, and flashes of passion, that lurk just below the surface of the Hitomi/Toshio relationship, and very occasionally pop into view, are fascinating."[1]

Rebecca Silverman of Anime News Network handed out a B rating for season one, and a C− rating for season two. She praised the first season for its animation, voice acting, character development, and story, but criticized the plot for being too repetitive and the soundtrack for being too grating after a while. For season two, she called it "campy fun", and praised the increased role for Ai, the voice acting, as well as the catchy ending theme. However, she criticized the plot for being too repetitive like the first season, the lack of progression in Toshio and Hitomi's relationship, reusing animation clips in most episodes, and an uncomfortable episode about the Holocaust.[31][32]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Moody, Allen. "Cat's Eye". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c "Cat's Eye Season 2 DVD Collection". Nozomi Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  3. ^ a b c "City Hunter: Shinjuku Private Eyes (2020 Movie)". Behind the Voice Actors. Archived from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  4. ^ Packard, Alicyn [@alicyn] (January 28, 2023). "Thrilled to share that I voice Hitomi in Lupin vs. Cat's Eye for@PrimeVideo❤️ thank you@DubingBrosUSAfor having me &@Warmupguyfor the direction. Stream now on Amazon Prime! ✌️#lupinvscatseye #LupinTheThird #lupinthe3rd #anime" (Tweet). Retrieved January 28, 2023 – via Twitter.
  5. ^ Vee, Cristina [@CristinaVee] (January 27, 2023). "I voice Rui in Lupin III vs Cat's Eye on@PrimeVideo🐈‍⬛. It was awesome working with@Warmupguyon this ☺️@DubingBrosUSA" (Tweet). Retrieved January 28, 2023 – via Twitter.
  6. ^ Melody, Deneen [@DeneenMelody] (January 27, 2023). "IT'S HERE! Lupin III vs. Cat's Eye is now available on Amazon Prime & you can hear me as Ai Kisugi, the youngest member of Cat's Eye! I absolutely love her. (Always a treat to share moments with@TonyOliverVA...💛) Thank you to director@Warmupguy& Dubbing Brothers!! 🧡🐈‍⬛🧡" (Tweet). Retrieved January 28, 2023 – via Twitter.
  7. ^ Levy, Ryan [@ryancoltlevy] (January 27, 2023). "So grateful to be the English voice of Toshio in 'Lupin III vs Cat's Eye' out now on@PrimeVideo✨Always a pleasure working with the amazing@Warmupguy& the@DubingBrosUSAcrew!" (Tweet). Retrieved January 28, 2023 – via Twitter.
  8. ^ 週刊少年ジャンプ1981年40. Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
  9. ^ 週刊少年ジャンプ1981年40. Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
  10. ^ 週刊少年ジャンプ1985年6. Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
  11. ^ Mateo, Alex (July 25, 2024). "Coamix Releases Tsukasa Hojo's Cat's Eye Manga in English". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on July 25, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  12. ^ "Cat's Eye returns in Comic Zenon". Comic Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. Archived from the original on September 16, 2010. Retrieved September 16, 2010.
  13. ^ Loveridge, Lynzee (January 5, 2014). "Cat's Eye Remake Manga Ending This Month". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on May 25, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
  14. ^ キャッツ♥愛 (in Japanese). Comic-zenon.jp. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  15. ^ "キャッツアイ(1)". Tvdrama-db. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  16. ^ "キャッツアイ(2)". Tvdrama-db. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  17. ^ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (July 5, 2013). "Right Stuf Adds Cat's Eye, Princess Nine, Campanella, Sengoku Collection Anime". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
  18. ^ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (April 20, 2019). "Right Stuf's License for Cat's Eye Anime Expires". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  19. ^ Mateo, Alex (December 13, 2021). "Discotek Licenses Skull-Face Bookseller Honda-san, Tales of Phantasia, As Miss Beelzebub Likes It, Yowamushi Pedal New Generation, More Anime". Anime News Network. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
  20. ^ Mateo, Alex (April 27, 2022). "North American Anime, Manga Releases, April 24–30". Anime News Network. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
  21. ^ Mateo, Alex (November 30, 2022). "North American Anime, Manga Releases, November 27–December 3". Anime News Network. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
  22. ^ Komatsu, Mikikazu (January 11, 2019). "Three Kisugi Sisters from Cat's Eye Make Special Appearance in New City Hunter Film". Crunchyroll. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
  23. ^ 「ルパン三世VSキャッツ・アイ」1月配信開始!キャスト&PV公開、来生泪役は深見梨加. Comic Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. December 6, 2022. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  24. ^ Pineda, Rafael Antonio (September 22, 2022). "Lupin III, Cat's Eye Get CG Crossover Anime in 2023". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
  25. ^ Cayanan, Joanna Antonio (June 13, 2023). "New City Hunter Anime Film's Trailer Unveils More Cast, Theme Songs, September 8 Debut". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on June 13, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  26. ^ Cayanan, Joanna Antonio (November 20, 2024). "Tsukasa Hojo's Cat's Eye Manga Gets New Anime on Disney+ in 2025". Anime News Network. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  27. ^ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (March 10, 2023). "Le Parisien Newspaper: Cat's Eye Manga Gets Live-Action French Series". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
  28. ^ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (July 11, 2024). "Live-Action French Cat's Eye Series Reveals Trailer". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on July 11, 2024. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  29. ^ Mateo, Alex (April 6, 2023). "Le Film Français: French Live-Action Cat's Eye Series to Have 8 52-Minute Episodes Set in Modern Day". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  30. ^ キャッツ・アイ:美人3姉妹役発表「原作知らない」に会場びっくり. Mantan Web (in Japanese). July 25, 2012. Archived from the original on May 2, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  31. ^ Silverman, Rebecca (September 1, 2014). "Cat's Eye: Season One - Review". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on July 17, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  32. ^ Silverman, Rebecca (March 10, 2015). "Cat's Eye: Season Two - Review". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved July 17, 2023.