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CASP14
Identifiers
Aliases	CASP14, caspase 14, ARCI12
External IDs	OMIM: 605848; MGI: 1335092; HomoloGene: 36304; GeneCards: CASP14; OMA:CASP14 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (human)
End	15,058,293 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 10 (mouse)
End	78,554,128 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	skin of abdomen; ; skin of leg; ; skin of arm; ; vulva; ; testicle; ; vagina; ; human penis; ; skin of thigh; ; tibialis anterior muscle; ; mucosa of ileum;
	Top expressed in
	lip; ; esophagus; ; skin of back; ; umbilical cord; ; skin of abdomen; ; skin of external ear; ; left colon; ; sexually immature organism; ; epidermis; ; cornea;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	peptidase activity; cysteine-type endopeptidase activity; cysteine-type peptidase activity; protein binding; hydrolase activity; endopeptidase activity; cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis; cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; keratin filament; nucleus; cytosol; mitochondrion;
Biological process	cornification; cell differentiation; keratinization; proteolysis; epidermis development; execution phase of apoptosis; apoptotic process; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	23581
	12365
	ENSG00000105141
	ENSMUSG00000005355
	P31944
	O89094
	NM_012114
	NM_009809
	NP_036246
	NP_033939
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Caspase 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CASP14 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7] Orthologs of this gene also exist in other mammals, such as sirenians and cetaceans, though they are inactivated in these two clades. Curiously, manatees, which are sirenians, retain some functional CASP14 genes.^[8]

The CASP14 gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This caspase has been shown to be processed and activated by caspase 8 and caspase 10 in vitro, and by anti-Fas agonist antibody or TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand in vivo. The expression and processing of this caspase may be involved in keratinocyte terminal differentiation, which is important for the formation of the skin barrier.^[7]

According to the Human Protein Atlas,^[9] the CASP14 protein is enriched in human skin and mainly expressed in the upper layers of the epidermis. The protein is mainly localised to the cytosol according to the Cell Atlas.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000105141 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005355 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Van de Craen M, Van Loo G, Pype S, Van Criekinge W, Van den brande I, Molemans F, Fiers W, Declercq W, Vandenabeele P (May 1999). "Identification of a new caspase homologue: caspase-14". Cell Death Differ. 5 (10): 838–46. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400444. PMID 10203698.
^ Hu S, Snipas SJ, Vincenz C, Salvesen G, Dixit VM (Dec 1998). "Caspase-14 is a novel developmentally regulated protease". J Biol Chem. 273 (45): 29648–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.45.29648. PMID 9792675.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: CASP14 caspase 14, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase".
^ Steinbinder, Julia; Sachslehner, Attila Placido; Holthaus, Karin Brigit; Eckhart, Leopold (2024-04-23). "Comparative genomics of sirenians reveals evolution of filaggrin and caspase-14 upon adaptation of the epidermis to aquatic life". Scientific Reports. 14 (1): 9278. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60099-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 11039687. PMID 38653760.
^ Uhlén, Mathias; Fagerberg, Linn; Hallström, Björn M.; Lindskog, Cecilia; Oksvold, Per; Mardinoglu, Adil; Sivertsson, Åsa; Kampf, Caroline; Sjöstedt, Evelina (2015-01-23). "Tissue-based map of the human proteome". Science. 347 (6220): 1260419. doi:10.1126/science.1260419. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 25613900. S2CID 802377.
^ Thul, Peter J.; Åkesson, Lovisa; Wiking, Mikaela; Mahdessian, Diana; Geladaki, Aikaterini; Blal, Hammou Ait; Alm, Tove; Asplund, Anna; Björk, Lars (2017-05-26). "A subcellular map of the human proteome". Science. 356 (6340): eaal3321. doi:10.1126/science.aal3321. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28495876. S2CID 10744558.