The toponymy of the city of Carmagnola probably derives from the Latin "(centuria) magniola", in reference to a square, modestly-sized plot of land. However, some scholars argue that the toponym may derive from the Roman noble name Carminius.[4]
The municipality is mentioned for the first time during the 11th century. The land, originally owned by the Arduinic dynasty, passed to the Marquisate of Saluzzo, who had a castle built here. The Saluzzo dynasty soon underwent a rapid decadence ending with a French domination period which lasted 40 years. In 1588 Carmagnola became a possession of the House of Savoy, when Charles Emmanuel I besieged and conquered it. France took possession of Carmagnola a second time during the 17th century, during the civil war between Madamisti and Principisti (supporters of the French and the Savoy dynasty respectively). In this period (1637–1642), the three main subdivisions were razed to the ground as they were conflicting with the defence structures, and immediately re-built around 1.5 km from their original position, where they still are at the present time.
In 1690 the town was once again occupied by the French general Catinat, but just one year later Victor Amadeus II of Savoy brought it back among Piedmontese possessions. While its defence buildings were being demolished and its strategic role was progressively decreasing in importance, the town could finally develop agriculture and commerce, mainly of hemp and ropes, which were exported in great quantity to Liguria and southern France. The characteristic of both agricultural and commercial site remained important until after World War II, which caused a massive immigration and a rapid urbanistic expansion.
The name of La Carmagnole, the title of a French song and dance made popular during the French Revolution, is considered to be indirectly derived from the Italian town - i.e., the customary costume of the Piedmontese peasants living near and around Carmagnola was named for the town; when some of these peasants came to Paris, their dress influenced the popular short jacket worn by working-class militant sans-culottes, who sang the song.[5]
Main sights
San Filippo churchCollegiate church of Sts. Peter and PaulHouse of the Sundials
Lomellini Palace, Contemporary Art Museum (15th century)
Castle, currently used as town hall (13th century)
Collegiate church of Sts. Peter and Paul (1492–1514)
Cascina Vigna, Civic Museum of Natural History
Sant'Agostino church (1406–1437)
San Rocco church (1699–1745)
San Filippo church (1715–1739)
Church of Saint Mary of the Snow (Santa Maria della Neve), Salsasio (17th century)
Synagogue (18th century)
Cavassa House (15th century)
House of the Sundials (Casa delle Meridiane) or Piano House (16th century)
San Lorenzo Hospital (1754–1856)
Economy
The economy of the town is currently linked to the industry and intensive production of vegetables and cereals, which the particular soil makes very productive. Industry experienced a notable growth during the 1960s, when FIAT opened an important factory, thus attracting a growing number of immigrants from southern Italy. The rapid growth of FIAT made also possible other activities in the metallurgy, electronics, optics, chemical industry, and food industry fields.
Also well-developed are the banking, financial and insurance sectors.
Carmagnola's Castle, townhallCascina Vigna ParkChurch of Saint Mary of the Snow, frazione Salsasio
Peppers Fair (Sagra del Peperone). It is held between the last week of August and the first of September; it is an eno-gastronomic fair dedicated to the most typical product of Carmagnola's agriculture. It attracts over 250,000 visitors each year.
On 5 September 2010 during the 61st Pepper Fair the town of Carmagnola has been entered into the Guinness Book of Records for the biggest pepper soup (peperonata) with a weight of 1,190 kg (2,623.5 pounds).
Spring Fair (Fiera di primavera). Held annually in March, dedicated to agricultural commerce, it features many collateral events.
Mercantico. It takes place on the second Sunday of each month (except August). It is a small, antiques items' market, hosting over 400 stalls along the old town.
Ortoflora e Natura. Held in the first weekend of April in the municipal park Cascina Vigna, the event is dedicated to gardening and horticulture.
Grandparents' National Day (Festa Nazionale dei Nonni). It takes place in the middle of September, inside the park Cascina Vigna. It had its first edition in September 2003.
Other events include "Carmagnola Jazz Festival", "Carmagnola Town of Art and Culture", "National Ornithological Contest", "Regional Beef Cattle Fair".
^Jennifer Harris, "The Red Cap of Liberty: A Study of Dress Worn by French Revolutionary Partisans 1789-94" Eighteenth-Century Studies14.3 (Spring 1981:283-312) p. 286
