Carlo Marochetti

Carlo Marochetti
Marochetti by Antoine Claudet
Born
Pietro Carlo Giovanni Battista Marochetti

(1805-01-14)14 January 1805
Turin, Italy
Died29 December 1867(1867-12-29) (aged 62)
Passy, France
NationalityItalian / French
EducationÉcole des Beaux-Arts, Paris
Known forSculpture, Public monuments

Baron Pietro Carlo Giovanni Battista Marochetti RA (14 January 1805 – 29 December 1867) was an Italian-born French sculptor who worked in France, Italy and Britain. He completed many public sculptures, often in a neo-classical style, plus reliefs, memorials and large equestrian monuments in bronze and marble. In 1848, Marochetti settled in England, where he received commissions from Queen Victoria. Marochetti received great recognition during his lifetime, being made a baron in Italy and was awarded the Legion of Honour by the French government.

Biography

Early life

Carlo Marochetti was born in Turin, where his father, Vincenzo, a former priest, was a local government official and professor of eloquence at Turin University, but after the family moved to Paris, Carlo was brought up as a French citizen.[1] He studied at the Lycée Napoléon and then studied sculpture at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris where his teachers were François Joseph Bosio and Antoine-Jean Gros.[2][3][4] At the Paris Salon in 1827 he exhibited a marble statue of A Young Girl playing with a Dog which won a silver medal.[5] Between 1822 and 1830 Marochetti frequently spent long periods in Rome where his mother was resident and where he collaborated with François-Joseph Duret and Antoine Étex and worked briefly at the studio of the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen.[1][2]

Career in France

From 1832 to 1848 Marochetti lived in Paris and largely adopted a neo-classical Romantic style of sculpture. He married Camille de Maussion in 1835 and together they had two sons and a daughter.[1] In Paris, Marochetti received two significant commissions. One was for a relief panel of the Battle of Jemappes on the Arc de Triomphe and the other for a large marble statue group, the Elevation of Mary Magdalene for the altar of the Church of La Madeleine.[6] He delayed completing the altar group to create a monumental equestrian statue of Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy which he donated to the city of Turin.[6][4] The king of Sardinia, Charles Albert rewarded Marochetti for his gift by making him a baron.[6][4] Before being sent to Italy the Philibert statue was displayed in the courtyard of the Louvre Palace during 1838. This effectively established Marochetti's reputation for creating equestrian monuments and led to him being commissioned to create such a statue of Ferdinand, Duke of Orleans, which stood in the courtyard of the Louvre for four years.[6] In 1839 the French government awarded him the Legion of Honour.[5] During 1840 Marochetti was competing to win both the commission for a monument to the Duke of Wellington for the city of Glasgow and for the commission to design the tomb of Napoleon for Les Invalides in Paris.[1] Although he won the Glasgow commission, Marochetti's proposal for the tomb attracted widespread public criticism in France and was rejected.[1]

When his father died, Marochetti inherited the family château at Vaux-sur-Seine outside of Paris and served as mayor of the town there from 1846.[6] After the fall of the July Monarchy in 1848, and his subsequent failure to win a seat in the National Assembly, Marochetti followed the French king Louis-Philippe into exile in the United Kingdom.[2][1]

Career in London

Marochetti spent the greater part of his time from 1848 until his death, in London.[7] He lived on Onslow Square, and maintained a large studio and his own foundry in the adjacent Sydney Mews.[2][8] In his studio, Marochetti created an equestrian statue, in plaster, of Richard Coeur de Lion which was displayed at the Great Exhibition during 1851.[6] A public campaign led to a bronze copy being made which was eventually, in 1860, erected in front of the Palace of Westminster on the orders of Prince Albert.[6]

Memorial to Viscounts William and Frederick Melbourne, St Paul's Cathedral

From his studio and foundry Marochetti, and his workforce, produced numerous statues, memorials and equestrian monuments plus smaller pieces. He also experimented with the use of new materials and the creation of multi-coloured, or polychromic, sculptures.[4] Between 1853 and 1855 Marochetti created three life-size statues, plus busts and garden ornaments, for the Kingston Lacy country mansion in Dorset.[9] His equestrian statues included those of Viscount Combermere in Chester and Sir Mark Cubbon in Bangalore and for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in Glasgow.[1] Works featuring mourning angels by Marochetti include the monument in St. Paul's Cathedral to Viscounts William and Frederick Melbourne, the Crimean War memorial at the Haydarpaşa Cemetery in Istanbul, dating from 1856 to 1858, and his Angel of the Resurrection for the Cawnpore memorial in India from 1862 to 1865.[1][10][4] From 1864 Marochetti collaborated with Sir Edwin Landseer on the four bronze lions to be placed at the base of Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square, and cast them at his Sydney Mews foundry.[8] He experimented in using coloured marble following the work of John Gibson and a coloured statuette of Queen Victoria was exhibited at a London studio but is now lost.[1]

Not all of Marochetti's designs were so successful. His proposed design for the tomb of the Duke of Wellington was rejected.[1] Marochetti's equestrian monument to George Washington for the 1853 World Fair in New York was destroyed by fire.[11] In the 1860s he championed a scheme for a set of statues celebrating British engineers to be erected in the churchyard of St Margaret's, Westminster. The scheme was rejected but three of the statues, of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Robert Stephenson and Joseph Locke were erected separately elsewhere.[1] His monumental statue of Robert Peel in Parliament Square was melted down and the metal used for the smaller model of Peel by Matthew Noble which replaced it.[1][12]

Busts of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert

With the support of the exiled Louis-Philippe of France, Marochetti first met Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1849 and subsequently received a number of royal commissions.[1][4] Marochetti's first royal commission in England was for a marble portrait bust of Prince Albert in 1849, which was commercially reproduced in Parian ware by the Mintons company in 1862.[4] That year Queen Victoria commissioned Marochetti to produce a portrait bust of herself as a birthday gift for Prince Albert and that too was reproduced by Mintons for the retail market.[4] Rather than a crown, he depicted her wearing a headpiece of various flowers, including roses and shamrocks, to represent the nations of the United Kingdom.[4]

Marochetti designed Victoria's memorial to Princess Elizabeth and a bust of Prince Albert at Newport Minster on the Isle of Wight.[13] He also created the marble recumbent effigies for the tomb of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in the Royal Mausoleum at Frogmore in Windsor Great Park.[4] He was commissioned to make the seated figure of Albert for the Albert Memorial in Kensington Gardens.[14] However the first version was rejected by the architect of the monument, Sir George Gilbert Scott, and Marochetti died before a satisfactory second version could be completed.[14][15] He was elected an associate of the Royal Academy 1861 and a full academician in 1866.[2]

Marochetti died, suddenly, at Passy in Paris and was buried at the Vaux-sur-Seine cemetery.[6]

Selected public works

1830-1839

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		Tommaso grave Père-Lachaise cemetery, Paris Sculpture on pillar Stone Q112342353

More images 		Battle of Jemappes East facade of the Arc de Triomphe, Paris 1834 Relief panel Stone 18m x 3.5m [1]

More images 		Grave of Vincenzo Bellini Père-Lachaise cemetery, Paris After 1835 Obelisk with portrait medallion Stone Q112308945 Architect: Guillaume-Abel Blouet[6][16]

More images 		Marochetti tomb Père-Lachaise cemetery, Paris 1838 Pillar with reliefs Stone Q112332551

More images 		Statue of Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy Piazza San Carlo, Turin 1838 Equestrian statue on pedestal with relief panels Bronze and stone Q3663864 [1][17]


1840-1849

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne Carhaix-Plouguer, Brittany, France c. 1840 Statue on pedestal with relief panels Bronze and stone Q108628354 [6][18]

More images 		Mary Magdalen Exalted by Angels La Madeleine, Paris c.1842 Sculpture group and altar Marble [1][19]

More images 		Claude Louis Berthollet Jardins de I'Europe, Annecy, France 1843 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Q56716583 [20]

More images 		Statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow 1844 Equestrian statue on pedestal with relief panels Bronze and granite Category A Q7981506 [21]

More images 		Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans Eu, Seine-Maritime, France 1845 Equestrian statue on pedestal with relief panels Bronze & stone Q20799860 [22]

More images 		Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans Neuilly-sur-Seine, France 1845 Equestrian statue on pedestal with relief panels Bronze & stone Q96600378 Monument was originally erected in Algiers, relocated 1980[23]

More images 		Pierre Paul Royer-Collard Vitry-Le-Francois, Marne, France 1846 Statue on pedestal Bronze & stone [24]


1850-1859

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes
Memorial to Granville Gower Loch St Paul's Cathedral, London 1853 Relief plaque Marble [25]
Tomb of the Contesse de Lariboisiere Chapel of Lariboisière Hospital, Paris 1853 Statues and sculpture group on pedestal Marble [26]
George Washington Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, New York City 1853 Equestrian statue Bronze Original was destroyed by fire, but a small version was erected at Vaux-sur-Seine and later moved to Chateau de Cheverny[27]

More images 		Queen Victoria George Square, Glasgow 1854 Equestrian statue on pedestal with relief panels Bronze and granite Category A Q17567473 First equestrian statue of a woman in Britain.[28][29]

More images 		Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Woodhouse Moor, Leeds 1854, erected 1858 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Grade II Q26656015 [14][30]
Sir John Bankes Kingston Lacy, Dorset 1853-55 Bust Bronze One of two busts, plus a life-size statue, of Bankes which Marochetti created for Kingston Lacey[9]
King Charles I Kingston Lacy, Dorset 1853-55 Statue on stand Bronze [9]
Mary Bankes 1598-1661 Kingston Lacy, Dorset 1853-55 Statue on stand Bronze [9]

More images 		Memorial to Viscounts William and Frederick Melbourne St. Paul's Cathedral, London After 1853 False door flanked by two statues White & black marble and gilded bronze [10]

More images 		James Oswald George Square, Glasgow 1855 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Category B Q17792900 [31]

More images 		Statue of Richard Coeur de Lion Palace of Westminster, London 1856 Equestrian statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Grade II Q7324819 [14][32][12]

More images 		Memorial to John Cust, 1st Earl Brownlow Church of St Peter and St Paul, Belton, South Kesteven 1856 Effigy on chest tomb Marble Grade I [33][34]
The Scutari Obelisk, Crimean War memorial Haydarpaşa Cemetery, Istanbul 1856-58 Obelisk with supporting statues on pedestal Stone [1][10][35]


1860 and later

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		Clive of India The Square, Shrewsbury c. 1860 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Grade II Q26546539 [14][36]

More images 		9th Queens Royal Lancers memorial Exeter Cathedral 1860 Relief panels Marble and bronze Grade I Q83187729 [37][38]

More images 		Cavalry Division Crimean War memorial St Paul's Cathedral, London 1860-65 Tripartite curved relief plaque Marble [39]

More images 		Major General Sir Arthur Wellesley Torrens St Paul's Cathedral, London 1860-65 Relief plaque Marble [40]

More images 		Coldstream Guards Battle of Inkerman memorial St Paul's Cathedral, London 1860-1865 Deep relief plaque Stone [41]

More images 		Charles Albert of Sardinia Piazza Carlo Alberto, Turin 1861 Equestrian statue on pedestal with statues at base Bronze and stone Q21141719 [42]

More images 		Angel of the Resurrection, Siege of Cawnpore memorial Cawnpore, India 1862-65 Statue with cross on pedestal with surrounding walls Stone Architect, Henry Yule.[1][10][43][4][44]

More images 		Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea Victoria Park, Salisbury 1863 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II Q26536005 [14][45][46]

More images 		Gioachino Rossini Conservatorio Statale di Musica "Gioachino Rossini", Pesaro, Italy 1864 Seated statue on pedestal Bronze & stone Q121093784 Plaster model in the Victoria and Albert Museum[47][27]

More images 		Anthony Panizzi British Library, London 1864 Bust Carrara marble 71cm x 50cm [48][49]

More images 		George Cornewall Lewis St Peter's Square, Hereford c. 1864 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Grade II Q47472418 [14][50]
Queen Victoria and Albert, Prince Consort Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore 1864-68 Two recumbent tomb effigies Marble Grade I Marochetti also created the four bronze figures of angels kneeling at each corner of the tomb[4][51][52]

More images 		Statue of Viscount Combermere Grosvenor Road, Chester 1865 Equestrian statue on pedestal Bronze and granite 7.1m tall Grade II* Q15978984 [14][53]
Albert, Prince Consort Union Terrace, Aberdeen 1865 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Category B Q17770085 [54]

More images 		William Makepeace Thackeray Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey, London 1865 Bust Marble [55]

More images 		Albert, Prince Consort George Square, Glasgow 1866 Equestrian statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Category A Q17567468 [56]
Statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington The Wellington Monument, Stratfield Saye House, Hampshire 1866 Statue on column Bronze Grade II Q26384539 [14][57][58]
Statue of Mark Cubbon Cubbon Park, Bangalore 1866 Equestrian statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Q97183425 [59][43]
Joseph Locke Locke Park, Barnsley 1866 Statue on pedestal with balustrade Bronze, granite and Portland stone Grade II Q26443938 [14][60]

More images 		Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde Waterloo Place, London 1867 Statue on piller with statues at base Bronze and red granite Grade II Q27083599 [12][61]

More images 		Statue of Robert Stephenson Euston station, London Erected 1870 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite 2.7m tall Grade II Q27084501 [14][12][62]

More images 		Statue of Isambard Kingdom Brunel Victoria Embankment, London c.1877 Statue on pedestal with surrounding screen Bronze and Portland stone 2.5m tall Grade II Q20829598 Pedestal by Richard Norman Shaw.[12][63]

More images 		Jonas Webb High Street, Babraham, Cambridgeshire Late 19th century Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II Q26616046 [64]


Other works

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Ward-Jackson, P. (2008). "Marochetti, (Pietro) Carlo Giovanni Battista, Baron Marochetti in the nobility of Sardinia (1805–1867), sculptor". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18085. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ a b c d e University of Glasgow History of Art / HATII (2011). "Baron (Pietro) Carlo Giovanni Battista Marochetti". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain & Ireland 1851–1951. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  3. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Marochetti, Carlo" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 747.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Martina Droth, Jason Edwards & Michael Hatt (2014). Sculpture Victorious: Art in the Age of Invention, 1837-1901. Yale Center for British Art, Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300208030.
  5. ^ a b "Marochetti, Charles or Carlo (Baron) or Marocchetti". Benezit Dictionary of Artists. 31 October 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00117054. ISBN 978-0-19-977378-7. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cust, Lionel Henry (1893). "Marochetti, Carlo" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 36. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  7. ^ Ian Chilvers (2004). The Oxford Dictionary of Art. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860476-9.
  8. ^ a b F. H. W. Sheppard, ed. (1983). "The Smith's Charity Estate: Charles James Freake and Onslow Square Gardens". Survey of London: volume 41: Brompton. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  9. ^ a b c d Mary Chisholm (18 December 2020). "Kingston Lacey: A Civil War Heroine, The Philae Obelisk & Tortoises". Exploring Building History. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  10. ^ a b c d Jason Edwards, Amy Harris & Greg Sullivan (2021). Monuments of St Paul's Cathedral 1796-1916. Scala Arts & Heritage Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78551-360-2.
  11. ^ "George Washington model ca.1851 - ca.1853 (made)". Victoria & Albert Museum. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  12. ^ a b c d e John Blackwood (1989). London's Immortels. The Complete Outdoor Commemorative Statues. Savoy Press. ISBN 0951429604.
  13. ^ William Page, ed. (1912). "A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 5. Parishes: Newport". Victoria County History of Hampshire. British History Online. pp. 253–265. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
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  18. ^ "Statue of Theophile Milo Corr, La Tour d'Auvergne". The Courtauld Institute of Art. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  19. ^ "High Altar". The Courtauld Institute of Art. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  20. ^ "Monument to Claude Louis Berthollet". The Courtauld Institute of Art. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  21. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Queen Street Duke of Wellington Statue (Category A Listed Building) (LB32823)". Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  22. ^ "Equestrian Statue of the Duc d'Orleans". The Courtauld Institute of Art. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
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  28. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "George Square, Queen Victoria Statue (Category A Listed Building) (LB32702)". Retrieved 6 July 2020.
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  31. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "George Square, James Oswald Statue (Category B Listed Building) (LB32699)". Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  32. ^ Historic England. "Statue of Richard I (1225624)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
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  37. ^ "War Memorials Register: 9th Queens Royal Lancers". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
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  39. ^ "Cavalry Division Crimean War memorial". The Courtauld Institute of Art. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  40. ^ "Memorial to Major General Sir Arthur Wellesley Torrens". The Courtauld Institute of Art. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  41. ^ "Coldstream Guards Memorial Commemorating the Battle of Inkerman". The Courtauld Institute of Art. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
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