At the 1908 Olympic Games he was part of the Swedish gymnastics team that won the all-around gold medal. Four years later in 1912, he finished twelfth in the pole vault competition at his home Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden.[3][4]
In 1917, he won the Swedish pole vault title and set a national record that stood until 1921.[3][4]
Hårleman was born into a noble family. He worked in insurance, served in the Swedish Army, reached the rank of captain, and acted as secretary-general of several sports associations.[3]