Cardiovascular fitness refers to a health-related component of physical fitness that is brought about by sustained physical activity.[1] A person's ability to deliver oxygen to the working muscles is affected by many physiological parameters, including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and maximal oxygen consumption.[1]
Understanding the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and other categories of conditioning requires a review of changes that occur with increased aerobic, or anaerobic capacity. As aerobic/anaerobic capacity increases, general metabolism rises, muscle metabolism is enhanced, haemoglobin rises, buffers in the bloodstream increase, venous return is improved, stroke volume is improved, and the blood bed becomes more able to adapt readily to varying demands. Each of these results of cardiovascular fitness/cardiorespiratory conditioning will have a direct positive effect on muscular endurance, and an indirect effect on strength and flexibility.[2]
To facilitate optimal delivery of oxygen to the working muscles, an individual needs to train or participate in activities that will build up the energy stores needed for sport. This is referred to as metabolic training. Metabolic training is generally divided into two types: aerobic and anaerobic. A 2005 Cochrane review demonstrated that physical activity interventions are effective for increasing cardiovascular fitness.[3]
Cardiovascular fitness is a measure of how well the heart, lungs, and blood vessels can transport oxygen to the muscles during exercise. It is an important component of overall fitness and has been linked to numerous health benefits, including a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, improved cognitive function, and increased longevity. A study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that higher levels of cardiovascular fitness were associated with a lower risk of mortality from all causes, including cardiovascular disease and cancer.[4]
Regular physical activity is essential for improving cardiovascular fitness.[1] The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise per week to improve cardiovascular fitness and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. A 2020 review found that both moderate and high-intensity exercise improved cardiovascular fitness, but high-intensity exercise produced greater improvements.[5]
Cardiovascular fitness can be assessed through various methods, including maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), which is the maximal amount of oxygen that can be used during exercise. Biomarkers, such as those used for assessing blood lipids, inflammation, glucose tolerance, and hemostasis, may be used to monitor progress during development of cardiovascular fitness.[1]
Buntil dari Surabaya Buntil (Jawa: ꦧꦸꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦭ꧀, translit. Bunṭil) adalah makanan tradisional yang berasal dari Kabupaten Purbalingga Jawa Tengah, makanan ini berupa parutan daging kelapa yang dicampur dengan teri dan bumbu-bumbu, dibungkus daun pepaya, kemudian direbus dalam santan.[1][2] Makanan ini biasa dijajakan di pasar maupun pedagang kaki lima sebagai lauk untuk nasi. Buntil dideskripsikan sebagai parutan kelapa dengan ikan teri yang dibungkus daun …
West-BačkaЗападно-Бачки округ District van Servië Situering Regio Vojvodina Coördinaten 45°46'48,0NB, 19°7'12,0OL Algemeen Oppervlakte 2420 km² Inwoners 214.011 Hoofdstad Sombor Detailkaart Portaal Zuidoost-Europa West-Bačka (Servisch: Западно-Бачки округ of Zapadno-Bački okrug; Hongaars: Nyugat-bácskai körzet; Kroatisch: Zapadnobački okrug) is een district in de Servische regio Vojvodina. De hoofdstad is Sombor. West-Bačka bestaat uit d…
Uang kertas Dinasti Yuan merupakan uang fiat pertama. Uang fiat adalah alat pembayaran sah yang disebarkan oleh pemerintah berupa uang kertas, tetapi tidak dapat ditukar dengan uang logam. Kelemahannya adalah devaluasi.[1] Penggunaan uang fiat pertama kali tercatat di Tiongkok sekitar tahun 1000 Masehi.[2] Referensi ^ Jamaluddin (Agustus 2013). Fiat Money: Masalah dan Solusi. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma. 4 (2): 258. doi:10.18202/jamal.2013.08.7196. ISSN 2089-5879. …
Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento competizioni pallavolistiche non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. V Coppa del Mondodi pallavolo maschile 1985 Competizione Coppa del Mondo di pallavolo maschile Sport Pallavolo Edizione 5ª Organizzatore FIVB Date 22 novembre 1985 - 1º dicembre 1985 Luogo Giappone(4 città) Partecipanti 8 Risultati Vinci…
セルゲイ・イグナシェヴィッチ ロシア代表でのイグナシェヴィッチ（2018年）名前本名 セルゲイ・ニコラエヴィッチ・イグナシェヴィッチSergei Nikolaevich Ignashevichラテン文字 Sergei Nikolaevich IGNASHEVICHロシア語 Сергей Николаевич Игнашевич基本情報国籍 ロシア生年月日 (1979-07-14) 1979年7月14日（44歳）出身地 ソビエト連邦、モスクワ身長 186cm体重 82kg選手情報ポジショ
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (يوليو 2019) هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين …
Polish general (1890–1939) GeneralJózef Olszyna-WilczyńskiJózef Olszyna-WilczyńskiBorn(1890-11-27)27 November 1890Kraków, Austria-HungaryDied22 September 1939(1939-09-22) (aged 48)Sopoćkinie, Augustów County, Białystok Voivodeship, PolandAllegiance Austria-Hungary PolandYears of service1914–1918 (Austria-Hungary)1918–1939 (Poland)RankBrigadier generalBattles/warsWorld War IPolish-Soviet WarWorld War II Józef Konstanty Olszyna-Wilczyński (pronounced [ˈjuz…
Natural harbour in south-west Wales This article is about the waterway. For the town, see Milford Haven. Milford Haven Waterway from 1946 Milford Haven Waterway (Welsh: Dyfrffordd Aberdaugleddau) is a natural harbour in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is a ria or drowned valley which was flooded at the end of the last ice age.[1][2] The Daugleddau estuary winds west to the sea. As one of the deepest natural harbours in the world, it is a busy shipping channel, trafficked by ferries from…
Manoalide Names Preferred IUPAC name (5R)-5-Hydroxy-4-{(2R,6R)-6-hydroxy-5-[(3E)-4-methyl-6-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)hex-3-en-1-yl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl}furan-2(5H)-one Identifiers CAS Number 75088-80-1 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:66666 N ChEMBL ChEMBL463914 N ChemSpider 4941932 N KEGG C17156 N PubChem CID 6437368 UNII E1DK0157K9 Y InChI InChI=1S/C25H36O5/c1-16(10-12-20-17(2)8-6-14-25(20,3)4)7-5-9-18-11-13-21(29-23(18)27)19-15-22(…
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Товтри Садова та Деренова 48°51′33″ пн. ш. 26°33′36″ сх. д. / 48.85917000002777399° пн. ш. 26.56000000002777739° сх. д. / 48.85917000002777399; 26.56000000002777739Координати: 48°51′33″ пн. ш. 26°33′36″ сх. д. / 48.85917000002777399° пн. ш. 26.56000000002777739° сх. д. / 48.85917000002777399…
Concentration of organic carbon in a sample 2011 Ocean particulate organic carbon derived from the MODIS-aqua Total organic carbon (TOC) is an analytical parameter representing the concentration of organic carbon in a sample. TOC determinations are made in a variety of application areas. For example, TOC may be used as a non-specific indicator of water quality, or TOC of source rock may be used as one factor in evaluating a petroleum play.[1] For marine surface sediments average TOC cont…
Ilustrasi Rencana Longzhong. Rencana Longzhong adalah strategi yang dirancang oleh Zhuge Liang pada Zaman Tiga Negara (220–280) di Tiongkok. Zhuge Liang mengajukan rencana ini kepada Liu Bei, pemimpin perang yang kemudian menjadi pendiri negara Shu Han sekitar tahun 207 menjelang pembubaran Dinasti Han saat Liu Bei mengunjungi tempat tinggal Zhuge Liang di Longzhong (隆中), sebuah kawasan yang terletak di sebelah barat Xiangyang, Hubei.[1] Rencana Longzhong menjadi landasan pendirian…
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Vietnam Aviation Academy – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Vietnam Aviation AcademyHọc Viện Hàng Không Việt NamTypePublicEstablished17 July 2006DirectorDương Cao Thái NguyênLocationHo Chi M…
2008 video game This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (May 2019) 2008 video gameCrysis WarheadDeveloper(s)Crytek BudapestPublisher(s)Electronic ArtsDirector(s)Cevat YerliProducer(s)Bernd DiemerDesigner(s)Attila Bánki HorváthProgrammer(s)Denisz PolgárAttila MártonArtist(s)Gábor MogyorósiWriter(s)Tim PartlettComposer(s)Péter Antovszki I…
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Beauty pageant This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (August 2022) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for events. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable …
This article is about the genetic transmission of sickle-cell diseases. For the disease itself, see sickle-cell disease. Medical conditionSickle cell traitSickle cells in human blood: both normal red blood cells and sickle-shaped cells are presentSpecialtyHematology Sickle cell trait describes a condition in which a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (is heterozygous), but does not display the severe symptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in a person who has two…
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