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Candelariella
	Candelariella vitellina
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Candelariomycetes
Order:	Candelariales
Family:	Candelariaceae
Genus:	Candelariella; Müll.Arg. (1894)
Type species
	Candelariella vitellina; (Ehrh.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
Species
	See text

Candelariella is a genus of bright yellow, ocher, or greenish yellow crustose or squamulose lichens in the family Candelariaceae.^[1] Members of the genus are commonly called eggyolk lichens,^[2] goldspeck lichens, or yolk lichens.^[3] The genus was circumscribed in 1894 by Swiss lichenologist Johannes Müller Argoviensis, with Candelariella vitellina assigned as the type species.^[4]

Characteristics

The key feature of Candelariella species are the distinct yellow apothecia.^[3] Although all species are very small, even the smallest can be identified by the lemon-yellow to orange-yellow discs. Most species have a yellow thallus, although Candelariella antennaria is one example with a grey thallus. Some species are pycnidiate. This genus will generally have all spot tests emerge as negative, although K tests may have an orange or reddish colour on some species' apothecia.^[5]

Spore count between species varies from 8 to 32 simply or thinly septate spores. Spores often hold one to two oil drops.^[5]

Habitat and distribution

Candelariella species are found across the globe, although most commonly described in North America, Asia, and Australia. Species can be found on calcareous and non-calcareous rock, soil, tree bark, mosses, and other lichens. While some species may grow only on rock, and others only on trees, the more generalist species can be found in a variety of locations.^[5]

Species interactions

As of 2016, 16 lichenicolous fungi have been documented parasitising species of the genus Candellariella. These are: Tremella candelariellae, Polysporina subfuscescens, Sarcogyne sphaeospora, Arthonia almquistii, Caloplaca grimmiae, Carbonea vitellinaria, Trichonectria furcatosetosa, Lichenochora arctica, Sarcopyrenia cylindrospora, Zwackhiomyces lecanorae, Phoma candelariellae, Henfellra muriformis, Ascochyta candelariellicola, Taeniolella delicata, Intralichen christiansenii, and Intralichen lichenicola.^[6]

Species

Candelariella aggregata M.Westb. (2007)^[7]
Candelariella antennaria Räsänen (1939)^[8]
Candelariella arctica (Körb.) R.Sant. (1966)
Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. (1928)
Candelariella australiensis P.M.McCarthy & Elix (2017)^[9] – Australia
Candelariella biatorina M.Westb. (2007)^[10]
Candelariella blastidiata Yakovch. (2017)^[11]
Candelariella boikoi Khodos. & S.Y.Kondr. (2004)^[12]
Candelariella boleana Etayo, Palice & T.Sprib. (2009)^[13] – Europe
Candelariella borealis M.Westb. (2007)^[14] – North America
Candelariella californica M.Westb. (2007)^[7]
Candelariella clarkiae E.Tripp & Lendemer (2015)^[15]
Candelariella commutata Otte & M.Westb. (2013)^[16]
Candelariella complanata M.Westb. (2007)^[7]
Candelariella coralliza (Nyl.) H.Magn. (1935)
Candelariella corallizoides M.Westb. (2007)^[7]
Candelariella corviniscalensis C.A.Morse & M.Westb. (2011)^[17]
Candelariella deppeanae M.Westb. (2007)^[7]
Candelariella efflorescens R.C.Harris & W.R.Buck (1978)^[18]
Candelariella flavosorediata Kalb & Aptroot (2021)^[19] – Réunion
Candelariella flavovirella (Nyl.) Lettau (1912)
Candelariella granuliformis M.Westb. (2011)^[17]
Candelariella hakulinenii S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2017)^[20]
Candelariella immarginata M.Westb. (2007)^[7]
Candelariella lichenicola M.Westb. (2007)^[10]
Candelariella makarevichiae S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2018)^[21]
Candelariella medians (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (1918)
Candelariella reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau (1912)
Candelariella rosulans (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1928)
Candelariella rubrisoli D.Liu & Hur (2019)^[22]
Candelariella ruzgarii Halıcı, A.M.Kahraman & Güllü (2022)^[23]
Candelariella superdistans (Nyl.) Malme (1911)
Candelariella vainioana Hakul. (1954)
Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
Candelariella xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Lettau (1912)
Candelariella xanthostigmoides (Müll.Arg.) R.W.Rogers (1982)

References

^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
^ Name Search Results for Scientific Name Candelariella, USDA
^ ^a ^b Sharnoff, S. (2014). Field Guide to California Lichens. Yale University Press. p. 249. ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2.
^ Müller, J. (1894). "Conspectus systematicus lichenum Novae Zelandiae". Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier (in Latin). 2 (App. 1): 11, 47.
^ ^a ^b ^c Westberg, M.; Nash, T.H. (2002). "Candelariella". In Nash, T.H.; Ryan, B.D.; Gries, C.; Bungartz, F. (eds.). Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol. 2. ISBN 978-0-9716759-0-2.
^ Hawksworth, David L.; Halıcı, Mehmet Gökhan; Kocakaya, Zekiye; Kocakaya, Mustafa (2016). "Henfellra muriformis gen. et sp. nov., a new dictyosporous pycnidial fungus on Candelariella, with a key to the lichenicolous fungi known from that genus". Herzogia. 29 (2): 329–336. doi:10.13158/heia.29.2.2016.329.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Westberg, Martin (2007). "Candelariella (Candelariaceae) in western United States and northern Mexico: the 8-spored, lecanorine species". The Bryologist. 110 (3): 391–419. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[391:cciwus]2.0.co;2.
^ Räsänen, V. (1939). "II. Contribucion a la flora liquenologica sudamericana". Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina. 128: 133–147.
^ McCarthy, P.M.; Elix, J.A. (2017). "A new species and new record of Candelariella (lichenized Ascomycota, Candelariaceae) from Australia". Australasian Lichenology. 81: 79–85.
^ ^a ^b Westberg, Martin (2007). "Candelariella (Candelariaceae) in western United States and northern Mexico: the species with biatorine apothecia". The Bryologist. 110 (3): 365–374. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[365:cciwus]2.0.co;2.
^ Yakovchenko, Lidia S.; Vondrák, Jan; Ohmura, Yoshihito; Korchikov, Evgeny S.; Vondrákova, Olga S.; Davydov, Evgeny A. (2017). "Candelariella blastidiata sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Candelariaceae) from Eurasia and North America, and a key for grey thalli Candelariella". The Lichenologist. 49 (2): 117–126. doi:10.1017/s0024282917000020.
^ Khodosovtsev, A.; Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Kärnefelt, I. (2004). "Candelariella boikoi, a new lichen species from Eurasia". Graphis Scripta. 16: 11–15.
^ Etayo, J.; Palice, Z.; Spribille, T. (2009). "Candelariella boleana, a new epiphytic species from southern and central Europe (Candelariaceae, Ascomycota)". Nova Hedwigia. 89 (3–4): 545–552. doi:10.1127/0029-5035/2009/0089-0545.
^ Westberg, Martin (2007). "Candelariella (Candelariaceae) in western United States and northern Mexico: the polysporous species". The Bryologist. 110 (3): 375–390. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[375:cciwus]2.0.co;2.
^ Tripp, Erin A.; Lendemer, James C. (2015). "Erratum:Candelariella clarkii corrected to Candelariella clarkiae". The Bryologist. 118 (2): 240. doi:10.1639/bryo-118-02-240-240.1.
^ Otte, V.; Yakovchenko, L.; Clerc, Ph.; Westberg, M. (2013). "Candelariella commutata sp. nov. for C. unilocularis auct. medioeur. – an arctic-alpine lichen on calcareous substrata from the Caucasus and Europe". Herzogia. 26 (2): 217–222. doi:10.13158/heia.26.2.2013.217.
^ ^a ^b Westberg, Martin; Morse, Caleb A.; Wedin, Mats (2011). "Two new species of Candelariella and a key to the Candelariales (lichenized Ascomycetes) in North America". The Bryologist. 114 (2): 325–334. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-114.2.325.
^ Harris, R.C.; Buck, W.R. (1978). "Lichens of the Mackinac Straits Region. II. Candelariella Mull. Arg". The Michigan Botanist. 17: 155–161.
^ Kalb, Klaus; Aptroot, André (2021). "New lichens from Africa" (PDF). Archive for Lichenology. 28: 1–12.
^ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Halda, J.P.; Roux, C.; Upreti, D.K.; Schumm, F.; Mishra, G.K.; Nayaka, S.; Farkas, E.; Park, J.S.; Lee, B.G.; Liu, D.; Woo, J.-J.; Hur, J.-S. (2017). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 6" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 59 (1–2): 137–260. doi:10.1556/034.59.2017.1-2.7.
^ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Halda, J.P.; Farkas, E.; Upreti, D.K.; Thell, A.; Woo, J.-J.; Oh, S.-O.; Hur, J.-S. (2018). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 7" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 60 (1–2): 115–184. doi:10.1556/034.60.2018.1-2.8.
^ Liu, Dong; Wang, Lisong; Wang, Xin Yu; Hur, Jae-Seoun (2019). "Two new species of the genus Candelariella from China and Korea". Mycobiology. 47 (1): 40–49. doi:10.1080/12298093.2019.1583785. PMC 6452912. PMID 31001449.
^ Halıcı, Mehmet Gökhan; Kahraman Yi̇ği̇T, Merve; Bölükbaşi, Ekrem; Güllü, Mithat (2023). "New record and new species of lichenized fungal genus Candelariella Müll. Arg. in Antarctica" (PDF). Polish Polar Research. 44 (1): 69–83. doi:10.24425/ppr.2022.140370.