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Campynema
	Campynema lineare Labill.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Campynemataceae
Genus:	Campynema; Labill.
Species:	C. lineare
Binomial name
	Campynema lineare; Labill.
Synonyms
	Campynema pygmaeum F.Muell. ex Benth.

Campynema is a genus in the family Campynemataceae first described in 1805.^[1]^[3] It contains only one known species (monotypic), Campynema lineare, endemic to the island of Tasmania in Australia.^[2]^[4] Its closest relative is Campynemanthe, endemic to New Caledonia,^[5] sole other genus of the family.

Campynema lineare

C. lineare, also known as the green mountain lily,^[6]^[7] is a small inconspicuous erect herb that grows to 15–30 cm in height. Its leaves consist of a single, curved basal leaf, with smaller leaves ascending up the flower stem.^[7] It is most distinguishable by its striking green flower, which blooms in summer.^[7] The flower is usually solitary, with 6 green tepals, sometimes with a burgundy tinge and developing brown edges with age,^[7] lacking apparent nectaries.^[8] The anthers are dorsifixed, styluli are free but thickened and contiguous below. The seeds are numerous and are flattened, sometimes almost discoid, with a spongy outer coat.^[8] It is a geophyte,^[9] and its leaves are deciduous in winter.

C. lineare is approximately 57 million years old.^[10] It is considered to a key member of Tasmania's palaeoendemic flora.^[10] A study of the gene sequences of RuBisCO in C. lineare, found that the family Campynemataceae is the oldest of the order Liliales.^[11]

C. lineare was once considered to be part of the family Liliaceae.^[7]

Variation in flower coloration

Distribution

C. lineare can be found in boggy sites in the central, western and central mountains of Tasmania, mostly in the subalpine and alpine regions.^[12] It is most commonly found in herbfields, heathlands, cushion plant communities, and lake edges.^[13]

Threats and Conservation

C. lineare is not considered under any specific threats due to being situated predominantly in protected areas,^[14] however some of the habitats in which it is found are predicted to decline due to climate change.^[15] The most likely declines in Australian alpine ecosystems have been shown to be in alpine herbfield and cushion plant communities.^[15] Due to its palaeoendemic status, the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service consider C. lineare to be of high conservation significance.^[14]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Labillardière 1804, i p. 93.
^ ^a ^b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ Tropicos, Campynema Labill.
^ George, A.S. (ed.) (1987). Flora of Australia 45: 1-521. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
^ Vinnersten, A.; Bremer, K. (2001). "Age and Biogegraphy of Major Clades in Lilliales". American Journal of Botany. 88 (9): 1695–1703. doi:10.2307/3558415. JSTOR 3558415. PMID 21669704.
^ Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. "Species Campynema Lineare". Natural Values Atlas Tasmania. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Howells, Christine (2012). Tasmania's Natural Flora. Hobart, Tasmania: Australian Plants Society Tasmania Inc., Hobart Group. p. 391. ISBN 9780909830663.
^ ^a ^b Kubitzki, K. (1998). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, III. Flowering Plants - Monocotyledons Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Berlin: Springer. pp. 173–174. ISBN 9783662035337.
^ Associate Professor Greg Jordan 2018, personal communication, 19 February.
^ ^a ^b Jordan, Gregory J.; Harrison, Peter A.; Worth, James R.P.; Williamson, G.J.; Kirkpatrick, J.B. (2016). "Palaeoendemic plants provide evidence for persistence of open, well-watered vegetation since the Cretaceous". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 25 (2): 12–140. Bibcode:2016GloEB..25..127J. doi:10.1111/geb.12389 – via Wiley Online Library.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Janssen, T; Bremer, Kåre (2015). "The age of major monocot groups inferred from 800+ rbcL sequences". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 146 (4): 385–398. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00345.x.
^ Jordan, Greg (2017). "Key to Tasmanian Vascular Plants". University of Tasmania. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
^ Smith, Andrew (2009). "Family Index: Campynema lineare". Understorey Network. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
^ ^a ^b Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service (2014). Melaleuca - Southwest National Park - Site and Rehabilitation Plan. Hobart: Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. p. 15. ISBN 9780992362829.
^ ^a ^b Slatyer, Rachel. "Climate change impacts on Australia's alpine ecosystems". Australian National University Press. Retrieved 28 February 2018.