Calendula arvensis

Calendula arvensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Calendula
Species:
C. arvensis
Binomial name
Calendula arvensis
Synonyms[2]
List
    • Calendula aegyptiaca Desf.
    • Calendula alata Rech.f.
    • Calendula algeriensis Boiss. & Reut.
    • Calendula amplexifolia Rchb.
    • Calendula arvensis var. macroptera (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo
    • Calendula arvensis subsp. macroptera Rouy
    • Calendula bicolor Raf.
    • Calendula brachyglossa Rupr.
    • Calendula byzantina DC.
    • Calendula cristagalli Viv.
    • Calendula echinata DC.
    • Calendula gracilis DC.
    • Calendula malacitana Boiss. & Reut.
    • Calendula malvaecarpa Pomel
    • Calendula micrantha Boiss. & Noë
    • Calendula micrantha Tineo & Guss.
    • Calendula microcephala Kral. ex Rchb.
    • Calendula parviflora Raf.
    • Calendula persica C.A.Mey.
    • Calendula sancta L.
    • Calendula sancta subsp. crista-galli (Viv.) Gallego & Talavera
    • Calendula sicula DC.
    • Calendula subinermis Pomel
    • Calendula sublanata Rchb.f.
    • Calendula sylvestris Garsault
    • Calendula undulata J.Gay ex Gaudin
    • Caltha arvensis (L.) Moench
    • Caltha graveolens Gilib.
Calendula arvensis

Calendula arvensis is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name field marigold. It is native to central and southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East[3] and it is known across the globe as an introduced species.[4][5]

Calendula arvensis is an annual or biennial herb 10 to 50 cm (3.9 to 19.7 in) tall. The leaves are lance-shaped and borne on petioles from the slender, hairy stem. The inflorescence is a single flower head up to four centimeters wide with bright yellow to yellow-orange ray florets around a center of yellow disc florets. The fruit is an achene which can take any of three shapes, including ring-shaped, that facilitate different methods of dispersal.[6][7]

Achene

Calendula arvensis produce three types of achenes (fruits of the sunflower family), they are rostrate, cymbiform and annular. Rostrate and cymbiform are suitable for long-distance diffusion, because they have larger size and weight than annular, while annular is suitable for short-distance diffusion.[8]

References

  1. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1763). Species plantarum (2 ed.). p. 1303.
  2. ^ "Calendula arvensis L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  3. ^ "Calendula arvensis L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  4. ^ Flora of North America, Calendula arvensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2,. 2: 1303. 1763.
  5. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Fiorrancio dei campi Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. includes photos and European distribution map
  6. ^ Ruiz de Clavijo, E. (2005). The reproductive strategies of the heterocarpic annual Calendula arvensis (Asteraceae). Acta Oecologica 28:2 119-26.
  7. ^ Messina, Nino (2010). "Calendula arvensis". Actaplantarum. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  8. ^ Ruiz De Clavijo, E. (2005-09-01). "The reproductive strategies of the heterocarpic annual Calendula arvensis (Asteraceae)". Acta Oecologica. 28 (2): 119–126. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2005.03.004. ISSN 1146-609X.


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