Calends

The calends or kalends (Latin: kalendae) is the first day of every month in the Roman calendar. The English word "calendar" is derived from this word.

Use

The Romans called the first day of every month the calends, signifying the start of a new lunar phase. On this day, the pontiffs would announce the number of days until the next month at the Curia Calabra; in addition, debtors had to pay off their debts on this day. These debts were inscribed in the kalendaria, effectively an accounting book.

Modern calendars count the number of days after the first of each month; by contrast, the Roman calendar counted the number of days until certain upcoming dates (such as the calends, the nones or the ides). The day before the calends was called pridie kalendas, but the day before that was counted as the "third day", as Romans used inclusive counting.

To calculate the day of the calends of the upcoming month, counting the number of days remaining in the current month is necessary, then adding two to that number. For example, April 22 is the 10th day before the calends of May (ante diem decimum Kalendas Maius), because eight days are left in April and both end dates are included in the total.[1]

Computation

The following lines of poetry aid calculations relating to the day of the month from the calends:

Principium mensis cujusque vocato kalendas:
Sex Maius nonas, October, Julius, et Mars;
Quattuor at reliqui: dabit idus quidlibet octo.

This means that the first day is called the calends; six days after the calends is the nones of May, October, July and March, while the nones comes only four days later for the other months; the ides comes eight days after the nones. [2]

Expressions

The calends was a feature of the Roman calendar, but it was not included in the Greek calendar. Consequently, to postpone something ad Kalendas Graecas ("until the Greek calends") was a colloquial expression for postponing something forever. This phrase survived for many centuries in Greek (Ancient Greek: εἰς τὰς ἑλληνικὰς καλένδας) and in the Romance languages (Spanish: hasta las calendas griegas; Italian: alle calende greche; French: aux calendes grecques; Romanian: la calendele grecești; Portuguese: às calendas gregas ; etc.).

The Latin term is traditionally written with initial K: this is a relic of traditional Latin orthography, which wrote K (instead of C or Q) before the vowel A. Later, most Latin words adopted C, instead. It is sometimes claimed that the kalends was frequently used in formal or high-register contexts, and that that is why it retained its traditional spelling, but there seems to be no source for this.

References

  1. ^ "Calends", Chambers' Cyclopaedia (1728), Vol. 1, p. 143
  2. ^ Jacques Ozanam; Jean Etienne Montucla (1814). Recreations in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. pp. 191–2. Retrieved 2010-08-31. the three following latin verses.

Further reading

Read other articles:

Esium

Jamur karat empedu ditutupi dengan aecia Esium (jamak: esia) adalah struktur reproduksi khusus yang ditemukan pada beberapa jamur karat dan jamur api yang menghasilkan esiospora. Dalam beberapa literatur aecia juga disebut sebagai gugus cangkir. Sebuah esidium (jamak: esidia) merupakan esium di mana spora selalu terbentuk dalam rantai dan tertutup dalam cangkir berbentuk peridium. Aecidia dari Puccinia sessilis dalam foto jarak dekat (close-up) Semua spesies dalam genus Phragmidium memiliki k...

 

 

Larung Sembonyo

Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut...

 

 

Oksida asam

Struktur karbon dioksida, salah satu contoh oksida asam. Oksida asam adalah suatu senyawa oksida yang dapat bereaksi dengan air dan menghasilkan larutan yang bersifat asam.[1] Konsep Oksida adalah suatu senyawa yang terdiri dari suatu unsur dengan unsur oksigen.[2] Senyawa oksida dapat membentuk larutan elektrolit, apabila dilarutkan dalam air.[2] Hasil reaksi oksida dengan air dapat menghasilkan senyawa asam atau basa.[2] Bilangan oksidasi suatu unsur yang ber...

KBLA

Not to be confused with KBIA. Radio station in Santa Monica, CaliforniaKBLASanta Monica, CaliforniaBroadcast areaGreater Los AngelesFrequency1580 kHzBrandingKBLA 1580 AM Talk RadioProgrammingFormatUrban/progressive talkAffiliationsBlack Information NetworkCompass Media NetworksOwnershipOwnerMulticultural Broadcasting(Multicultural Radio Broadcasting Licensee, LLC)OperatorTavis Smiley (Smiley Radio Properties, Inc.)HistoryFirst air dateJuly 30, 1947; 76 years ago (1947-07-30)...

 

 

Aéroport international de Genève

Pour les articles homonymes, voir GVA. Genève Aéroport L'aéroport international de Genève, vue d'avion. Localisation Pays Suisse Canton Genève Ville • Le Grand-Saconnex • Meyrin • Bellevue Coordonnées 46° 14′ 11″ nord, 6° 06′ 26″ est Altitude 421 m (1 380 ft) Informations aéronautiques Code IATA GVA Code OACI LSGG Nom cartographique Cointrin Type d'aéroport Civil Gestionnaire Genève Aéroport, établissement public autonome Site web...

 

 

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Timor Tengah SelatanDewan Perwakilan RakyatKabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan2019-2024JenisJenisUnikameral Jangka waktu5 tahunSejarahSesi baru dimulai19 Agustus 2019PimpinanKetuaMarcu Buana Mba'u (NasDem) sejak 9 Oktober 2019 Wakil Ketua IRelygius L. Usfunan (PKB) sejak 9 Oktober 2019 Wakil Ketua IIYusuf Nikolas Soru (PDI-P) sejak 9 Oktober 2019 KomposisiAnggota40Partai & kursi  PDI-P (5)   NasDem (6)   PKB (5)...

Gruppo Brigate Garibaldi "Vittorio Veneto"

Il Gruppo di brigate Vittorio Veneto è stata una formazione partigiana durante la Resistenza italiana. Indice 1 Storia 2 Comandanti 3 Attività partigiana 4 Persone legate alla brigata 5 Note 6 Bibliografia 7 Collegamenti esterni Storia Il Gruppo nasce dall'attività iniziata da Giovanbattista Bitto e don Giuseppe Faè. La data ufficiale viene fatta risalire alla notte del 26 marzo 1944, data in cui un gruppo di abitanti del paese di Montaner (frazione di Sarmede) salì stabilmente sull'alti...

 

 

Patos de Minas

Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati del Minas Gerais è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Patos de Minascomune Patos de Minas – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Brasile Stato federato Minas Gerais MesoregioneTriângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba MicroregionePatos de Minas AmministrazioneSindacoPedro Lucas Rodrigues TerritorioCoordinate18°35′13.7″S 46°30′53.8″W / &...

 

 

Our Lady of Ipswich

Our Lady of Ipswich (also known as Our Lady of Grace) was a popular English Marian shrine before the English Reformation. Among Marian shrines, only the shrine at Walsingham attracted more visitors. Background Tudor English pilgrim badge with M for Mary For centuries, England has been known as 'Our Lady's Dowry'. Anglo-Saxon England sheltered many shrines to the Virgin Mary: shrines were dedicated to her at Glastonbury in 540, Evesham in 702, Tewkesbury in 715, Canterbury in 866, Willesden i...

Skara Brae

Penggalian Neolitik di Skara Brae di Orkney, Skotlandia Skara Brae /ˈskærə ˈbreɪ/ adalah pemukiman Neolitikum yang dibangun dari batu, terletak di Teluk Skaill di pantai barat Daratan, pulau terbesar di kepulauan Orkney, Skotlandia. Terdiri dari sepuluh rumah bergerombol, terbuat dari batu ubin besar, di bendungan tanah yang menopang dinding; rumah-rumah itu termasuk tungku api batu, tempat tidur, dan lemari.[1] Sistem saluran pembuangan primitif, dengan toilet dan saluran air di...

 

 

2008–09 Wigan Athletic F.C. season

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (January 2013) This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2...

 

 

Mega Asset Management

PT Mega Asset ManagementJenisJasa keuangan/publikDidirikan2011Kantorpusat Jakarta, IndonesiaPemilikMega CorporaSitus webwww.mega-asset.co.id Mega Asset Management atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai Mega Asset adalah salah satu perusahaan manajemen investasi yang berdiri sejak 2011, dan berkantor pusat di Jakarta dan mempunyai cabang di berbagai kota besar di Indonesia. Perusahaan ini berada dibawah kepemilikan CT Corp melalui Mega Corpora. Reksa Dana Mega Asset telah menerima sejumlah penghargaa...

Museo nazionale della Slovenia

Museo nazionale della Slovenia(SL) Narodni muzej Slovenije L'edificio del museo a Lubiana che ospita il Museo di storia naturale della Slovenia e il Museo nazionale UbicazioneStato Slovenia LocalitàPrešeren road IndirizzoPrešernova cesta 20 Coordinate46°03′08″N 14°29′58″E / 46.052222°N 14.499444°E46.052222; 14.499444Coordinate: 46°03′08″N 14°29′58″E / 46.052222°N 14.499444°E46.052222; 14.499444 CaratteristicheTipoArcheologia, Num...

 

 

Gunung Yoshino

Gunung Yoshino吉野山Bunga sakura mekar di Gunung YoshinoGeografiLetakYoshino, Prefektur Nara, Jepang Gunung Yoshino (吉野山code: ja is deprecated , Yoshino-yama) adalah gunung di kota Yoshino, Distrik Yoshino, Prefektur Nara, Jepang. Pada tahun 2004, gunung ini dimasukkan sebagai bagian dari Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO dengan nama Situs Suci dan Rute Ziarah di Barisan Pegunungan Kii. Gunung Yoshino dijadikan subjek puisi waka dalam antologi puisi Kokin Wakashū dari abad ke-10. Keindahan...

 

 

William Embry Wrather

American geologist William Embry Wrather6th Director of the United States Geological SurveyIn office1943 (1943)–1956 (1956)Preceded byWalter Curran MendenhallSucceeded byThomas Brennan Nolan Personal detailsBorn(1883-01-20)January 20, 1883Brandenburg, Kentucky, USADiedNovember 28, 1963(1963-11-28) (aged 80)Washington, D.C., USAAlma materUniversity of ChicagoScientific careerFieldsPetrography, GeologyInstitutionsUS Geological Survey William Embry Wrather (January 20, ...

Cupid (Fifty Fifty song)

2023 single by Fifty FiftyCupid (Twin version)Digital coverSingle by Fifty Fiftyfrom the album The Beginning ReleasedFebruary 24, 2023 (2023-02-24)Genre K-pop disco-pop synth-pop bubblegum Length2:54LabelAttraktComposer(s)Adam von MentzerMac Felländer-TsaiLouise UdinLyricist(s)SIAHNAHINKeenavon MentzerFelländer-TsaiUdinProducer(s)SIAHNvon MentzerFelländer-TsaiUdinFifty Fifty singles chronology Higher (2022) Cupid (Twin version) (2023) Cupid (2023) Sabrina Carpente...

 

 

Parto

Para el concepto aplicado a otros seres vivos, véase Nacimiento. Para otros usos de este término, véase Parto (desambiguación). Madre y recién nacido posparto El parto humano, también llamado nacimiento, es la culminación del embarazo humano hasta el período de la salida del bebé del útero. La edad de un individuo se define por este suceso en muchas culturas. Se considera que una mujer inicia el parto con la aparición de contracciones uterinas regulares, que aumentan en intensidad...

 

 

بئر المكسور

بئر المكسور   الإحداثيات 32°46′38″N 35°13′36″E / 32.777222222222°N 35.226666666667°E / 32.777222222222; 35.226666666667   تقسيم إداري  البلد إسرائيل[1]  التقسيم الأعلى قضاء عكا الفرعي  [لغات أخرى]‏  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 4.554 كيلومتر مربع  ارتفاع 250 متر  عدد السكان ...

Golfo Aranci

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité italienne et la Sardaigne. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Golfo Aranci Administration Pays Italie Région Sardaigne  Province Sassari  Code postal 07020 Code ISTAT 104011 Code cadastral M274 Préfixe tel. 0789 Démographie Gentilé golfarancini Population 2 414 hab. (31-12-2010[1]) Densité 64 hab./km2 Géographie Coo...

 

 

Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

Indian writer, poet and journalist (1838–1894) Bankim Chandra ChattopadhyayNative nameবঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়Born26 June 1838[1][2][3]Naihati, Bengal, British IndiaDied8 April 1894(1894-04-08) (aged 55)Calcutta, Bengal, British IndiaPen nameKamalakantaOccupationWriter, poet, novelist, essayist, journalist, government officialLanguageBengali, EnglishAlma materUniversity of CalcuttaLiterary movementBengal R...