Caenocentrotus is a monotypic genus of sea urchins in the family Echinometridae. Its sole accepted species is Caenocentrotus gibbosus, a spine-covered sea urchin first scientifically described in 1846 by L. Agassiz, in L. Agassiz & Desor.^[1]

Caenocentrotus gibbosus has a rounded, slightly flattened body covered with spines that provide protection and aid in locomotion. The spines are often varied in length and coloration, which can help the species blend into its surroundings to avoid predators. Like other sea urchins, its surface features tube feet used for movement and sensory functions.

This species inhabits shallow marine environments, typically found in rocky or coral reef areas. It thrives in tropical and subtropical waters, where it contributes to the ecosystem by grazing on algae and detritus, helping to maintain the balance of the marine habitat.

As a grazer, Caenocentrotus gibbosus plays a significant ecological role by controlling algae growth, preventing overgrowth on reefs, and promoting coral health. Predators of this species include fish, sea otters, and humans in some regions where sea urchins are harvested for their roe.

There is currently limited information on the conservation status of Caenocentrotus gibbosus. Its habitat may be affected by threats such as ocean acidification, pollution, and habitat destruction caused by human activities. Further research is needed to assess its population trends and resilience to environmental changes.

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