Cabinet of Enrique Hertzog

Hertzog cabinet

114th–120th Cabinet of Republic of Bolivia
1947–1949
Enrique Hertzog
Date formed10 March 1947 (1947-03-10)
Date dissolved20 May 1949 (1949-05-20)[a]
People and organisations
PresidentEnrique Hertzog
Vice presidentMamerto Urriolagoitía
No. of ministers10 (on 20 May 1949)
Total no. of members48 (including former members)
Member partiesRepublican Socialist Unity Party (PURS)
Liberal Party (PL)
Revolutionary Left Party (PIR)
Status in legislatureNational unity government
History
Election1947 general election
Legislature terms1947–1949
1949–1951
PredecessorCabinet of Tomás Monje (interim)
SuccessorCabinet of Mamerto Urriolagoitía
Politics of Bolivia
Constitution
Executive
Legislative
Judiciary
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
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Vice President Mamerto Urriolagoitía served as acting president for much of Hertzog's final year in office
Foreign Minister Luis Fernando Guachalla lost the 1947 general elections to Hertzog by 443 votes

Enrique Hertzog assumed office as the 42nd president of Bolivia on 10 March 1947, and his term ended upon his resignation on 22 October 1949. A physician who served in various ministerial positions since the 1920s, Hertzog was elected as the head of the Republican Socialist Unity Party (PURS) ticket in the 1947 general elections.[1]

Hertzog formed seven cabinets during his 31-month presidency, constituting the 114th to 120th national cabinets of Bolivia.[2] A further two cabinets, constituting the 121st and 122nd national cabinets, were formed during his term by Vice President Mamerto Urriolagoitía who was serving as acting president at the time.

Cabinet ministers


Cabinet of Bolivia
Presidency of Enrique Hertzog, 1947–1949
Office Minister Party Prof. Term Days N.C[b] P.C[c]
President Enrique Hertzog PURS Dr. 10 March 1947 – 22 October 1949 957 – –
Vice President Mamerto Urriolagoitía[d] PURS Law. 10 March 1947 – 24 October 1949 959
Minister of Foreign Affairs
and Worship
(Chancellor) 		Mamerto Urriolagoitía[3] PURS Law. 10 March 1947 – 14 May 1947 65 114 1
Luis Fernando Guachalla[4] PL Law. 14 May 1947 – 11 September 1947 120 115 2
Tomás Manuel Elío[5] PL Law. 11 September 1947 – 1 March 1948 172 116 3
Adolfo Costa du Rels[6] Ind. Dip. 1 March 1948 – 9 August 1948 161 117 4
Javier Paz Campero[7] PURS Law. 9 August 1948 – 28 January 1949 172 118 5
Juan Manuel Balcázar[8] PURS Dr. 28 January 1949 – 4 March 1949 35 119 6
Luis Fernando Guachalla[4] PL Law. 4 March 1949 – 20 May 1949 77 120 7
Waldo Belmonte Pool[9] PURS Law. 20 May 1949 – 2 August 1949 74 121 8(1)[e]
Alberto Saavedra Nogales[10] PURS Law. 2 August 1949 – 28 January 1950 179 122 9(2)[f]
Minister of Government,
Justice, and Immigration 		Luis Ponce Lozada PURS Law. 10 March 1947 – 11 September 1947 185 114 1
115 2
Alfredo Mollinedo PURS Dr. 11 September 1947 – 14 April 1950 946 116 3
117 4
118 5
119 6
120 7
121 8(1)[e]
122 9(2)[f]
Minister of National Defense Néstor Guillén Ind. Law. 10 March 1947 – 14 May 1947 65 114 1
Eduardo Montes Montes – Law. 14 May 1947 – 11 September 1947 120 115 2
Pedro Zilveti PURS Law. 11 September 1947 – 9 August 1948 333 116 3
117 4
Gustavo Carlos Otero Ind. Jrn. 9 August 1948 – 28 January 1949 172 118 5
Waldo Belmonte Pool PURS Law. 28 January 1949 – 20 May 1949 112 119 6
120 7
Vicente Leyton – – 20 May 1949 – 2 August 1949 74 121 8(1)[e]
Manuel Diez Canseco[g] PURS Law. 2 August 1949 – 28 January 1950 179 122 9(2)[f]
Minister of Finance
and Statistics 		Alcides Molina – – 10 March 1947 – 11 September 1947 185 114 1
115 2
Carlos Guachalla PL – 11 September 1947 – 14 January 1948 125 116 3
José Romero Loza – – 14 January 1948 – 28 January 1949 380
117 4
118 5
Vicente Leyton – – 28 January 1949 – 4 March 1949 35 119 6
Héctor Ormachea Zalles – Law. 4 March 1949 – 20 May 1949 77 120 7
Alfredo Alexander Alvestegui – Law. 20 May 1949 – 2 August 1949 74 121 8(1)[e]
Rafael Parada Suarez – – 2 August 1949 – 28 January 1950 179 122 9(2)[f]
Minister of Economy Germán Costas[h] PURS Eco. 10 March 1947 – 11 September 1947 185 114 1
115 2
Raul Laguna Lozada – Law. 11 September 1947 – 1 March 1948 172 116 3
Arturo Gutiérrez
Tezanos-Pinto[i] 		PL Eco. 1 March 1948 – 9 August 1948 161 117 4
Ernesto Monasterios PURS Law. 9 August 1948 – 28 January 1949 172 118 5
Alberto Sarti Peláez – – 28 January 1949 – 4 March 1949 35 119 6
Germán Zegarra Caero – – 4 March 1949 – 20 May 1949 77 120 7
Alberto Sarti Peláez – – 20 May 1949 – 2 August 1949 74 121 8(1)[e]
José Romero Loza – – 2 August 1949 – 28 January 1950 179 122 9(2)[f]
Minister of Public Works
and Communications 		Aniceto Quezada – – 10 March 1947 – 14 May 1947 65 114 1
Gustavo Henrich PIR – 14 May 1947 – 1 March 1948 292 115 2
116 3
Luis Ponce Lozada PURS – 1 March 1948 – 9 August 1948 161 117 4
Constantino Carrión – Law. 9 August 1948 – 28 January 1949 172 118 5
Guillermo Gutiérrez
Vea Murguía 		PURS – 28 January 1949 – 25 June 1949 148 119 6
120 7
121 8(1)[e]
Office vacant 25 June 1949 – 2 August 1949
Alfredo Gutiérrez Salgar – – 2 August 1949 – 16 October 1950 440 122 9(2)[f]
Minister of Work
and Social Security 		Minister of
Health 		Carlos Morales Ugarte Ind. Law. 10 March 1947 – 14 May 1947 65 114 1
– Alfredo Mendizábal PIR Law. 14 May 1947 – 11 September 1947 120 115 2
Daniel Gamarra PURS – 11 September 1947 – 1 March 1948 172 116 3
Ernesto Monasterios PURS Law. 1 March 1948 – 9 August 1948 161 117 4
Julio Céspedes Añez PURS Law. 9 August 1948 – 11 August 1948 2 118 5
Julio Tellez Reyes – Law. 11 August 1948 – 28 January 1949 170
Fernando Loayza Beltrán Ind. – 28 January 1949 – 4 March 1949 35 119 6
Gastón Arauz Eguía – – 4 March 1949 – 20 May 1949 77 120 7
Germán Zegarra Caero – – 20 May 1949 – 2 August 1949 74 121 8(1)[e]
Eduardo del Grando – – 2 August 1949 – 28 January 1950 179 122 9(2)[f]
Minister of Health
and Hygiene 		Office under the Ministry of Work and Social Security until 14 May 1947
Carlos Morales Ugarte Ind. Law. 14 May 1947 – 11 September 1947 120 115 2
Melchor Pinto Ind. Dr. 11 September 1947 – 1 March 1948 172 116 3
Juan Manuel Balcázar PURS Dr. 1 March 1948 – 28 January 1949 333 117 4
118 5
Agustín Benavides – – 28 January 1949 – 4 March 1949 35 119 6
Juan Manuel Balcázar PURS Dr. 4 March 1949 – 2 August 1949 151 120 7
121 8(1)[e]
Agustín Benavides – – 2 August 1949 – 28 January 1950 179 122 9(2)[f]
Minister of Education
and Indigenous Affairs 		– Armando Alba Zambrana Ind. Wri. 10 March 1947 – 14 January 1948 310 114 1
115 2
Minister of
Fine Arts 		Alberto Salinas López PURS – 14 January 1948 – 1 March 1948 47 116 3
Víctor Cabrera Lozada – – 1 March 1948 – 9 August 1948 161 117 4
– Antonio Rico Toro – Law. 9 August 1948 – 4 March 1949 207 118 5
119 6
Minister of
Fine Arts 		José Chávez Suárez PL Law. 4 March 1949 – 20 May 1949 77 120 7
Elizardo Pérez Ind. Tch. 20 May 1949 – 2 August 1949 74 121 8(1)[e]
– Abraham Valdez – – 2 August 1949 – 29 June 1950 331 122 9(2)[f]
Minister of Agriculture,
Livestock, and
Colonization 		José Saavedra Suárez PURS – 26 August 1946 – 14 May 1947 261 113[j] 1[k]
Osvaldo Gutiérrez PL Law. 14 May 1947 – 11 September 1947 120 115 2
Eduardo Tardío – Law. 11 September 1947 – 1 March 1948 172 116 3
Germán Zegarra Caero – – 1 March 1948 – 9 August 1948 161 117 4
Eduardo Guzmán Villa – – 9 August 1948 – 28 January 1949 172 118 5
Gilfredo Cortés Candia PURS Wri. 28 January 1949 – 4 March 1949 35 119 6
Miguel Mercado Moreira PL – 4 March 1949 – 20 May 1949 77 120 7
Gilfredo Cortés Candia PURS Wri. 20 May 1949 – 28 January 1950 253 121 8(1)[e]
122 9(2)[f]

Composition

First cabinet

President Hertzog, flanked by Vice President Mamerto Urriolagoitía (left) and Foreign Minister Luis Fernando Guachalla (right), with his second council of ministers

Upon his inauguration on 10 March 1947, Hertzog appointed his first ministerial cabinet.[14] The cabinet was a return to the more conservative elements of the country which had been sidelined during the left-wing government of Gualberto Villarroel. It predominantly consisted of members of the newly formed Republican Socialist Unity Party (PURS) created from the merger of the Genuine Republican, Socialist Republican, and United Socialist parties.[15]

The only holdover from the previous administration was José Saavedra Suárez as Minister of Agriculture. Néstor Guillén, who had served as interim president and Minister of Defense following the death of Villarroel, returned to his defense position. Mamerto Urriolagoitía was appointed Foreign Minister in conjunction with his position as vice president.[3]

Second cabinet

Unlike the Republicans, the Liberal Party did not become a founding member of the PURS. Nonetheless, Hertzog attempted to form a national unity cabinet and invited the PL to join in alliance with the new government, a fact which upset PURS leadership as well as Vice President Urriolagoitía.[16] When Hertzog formed his second cabinet on 14 May 1947, Luis Fernando Guachalla, who had been the Liberal presidential candidate in 1947 losing to Hertzog by a difference of just 443 votes, was chosen to succeed Urriolagoitía as Foreign Minister.[17][18] Despite being ideologically Communist, the Revolutionary Left Party also joined the conservative coalition with two of its members, Gustavo Henrich and Alfredo Mendizábal, being appointed Ministers of Public Works and Communications and Work and Social Security respectively.

Third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cabinets

Hertzog's third cabinet was formed on 11 September 1947.[19] Guachalla was replaced as Foreign Minister by Tomás Manuel Elío who would serve his fifth and final nonconsecutive term. Luis Fernando's brother, Carlos Guachalla, was appointed Ministry of Finance. Hertzog's fourth cabinet, formed on 1 March 1948, saw Adolfo Costa du Rels appointed Foreign Minister.[20] Costa du Rels had previously been the last President of the League of Nations, which by 1947 was defunct in favor of the United Nations.

Hertzog's fifth cabinet was formed on 9 August 1948.[21] At just two days from 9 to 11 August, the term of office of Julio Céspedes Añez as Minister of Work and Social Security is the second shortest term for any Bolivian government minister after Juan José Torres who served for just one day from 5 to 6 November 1964 during the government of René Barrientos.[22] Formed on 28 January 1949, Hertzog's sixth cabinet introduced Waldo Belmonte Pool, a previous President of the Chamber of Senators and acting president during the administration of Enrique Peñaranda, as Minister of National Defense.[23]

Seventh cabinet and Urriolagoitía acting cabinets

Hertzog's seventh and final cabinet was formed on 4 March 1949.[24] This one would only last for two months. On 1 May 1949, legislative elections were held in which the left-wing parties dramatically rose in support. Following subsequent election-related violence, PURS leadership lost confidence in Hertzog and forced him to hand power under the pretence of a nonexistent illness to Vice President Mamerto Urriolagoitía on 7 May.[25][26] In his capacity as acting president, Urriolagoitía formed two cabinets on 20 May and 2 August 1949. However, Hertzog would not officially resign until 22 October meaning both cabinets were formed during his term. Nevertheless, the fact that the ministers were appointed by Urriolagoitía mean that they are generally regarded as Urriolagoitía's first and second cabinets rather than Hertzog's eight and ninth.[2]

Notes

  1. ^ While Hertzog's presidency officially ended on 22 October 1949, his Vice President Mamerto Urriolagoitía had been acting president since 7 May and formed his own cabinet on 20 May, dissolving the former.
  2. ^ Denoting which national cabinet the minister was originally a part of.
  3. ^ Denoting which presidential cabinet the minister was originally a part of.
  4. ^ Acting President from 7 May to 24 October 1949.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Member of the first cabinet of Mamerto Urriolagoitía as acting president.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Member of the second cabinet of Mamerto Urriolagoitía as acting president and first Urriolagoitía cabinet as president.
  7. ^ Acting Foreign Minister in the absence of Alberto Saavedra Nogales from 2 to 17 August 1949.[11]
  8. ^ Acting Foreign Minister in the absence of Luis Fernando Guachalla from 11 August to 4 September 1947.[12]
  9. ^ Acting Foreign Minister in the absence of Adolfo Costa du Rels from 9 to 15 August 1948.[13]
  10. ^ Originally a member of the 113th national cabinet of Bolivia.
  11. ^ Originally a member of the Monje ministerial cabinet.

References

  1. ^ "Bolivia: Ley de 8 de marzo de 1947". www.lexivox.org. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b Gisbert 2003, pp. 348–351.
  3. ^ a b "canciller". 21 December 2015. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  4. ^ a b "canciller". archive.vn. 19 February 2013. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  5. ^ "canciller". archive.vn. 19 February 2013. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  6. ^ "canciller". 16 January 2016. Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  7. ^ "canciller". 10 January 2016. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  8. ^ "canciller". archive.vn. 19 February 2013. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  9. ^ "canciller". 3 December 2015. Archived from the original on 3 December 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
  10. ^ "canciller". 27 January 2016. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
  11. ^ "canciller". archive.vn. 19 February 2013. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  12. ^ "canciller". 23 December 2015. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  13. ^ "canciller". 7 April 2014. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  14. ^ "DECRETO SUPREMO No 761 del 10 de Marzo de 1947 » Derechoteca.com". www.derechoteca.com. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  15. ^ Political handbook of the world 1950. New York, 1950. P. 16.
  16. ^ "Bolivia – 1947 -70 años- A la sombra de los colgados: La ascensión presidencial de Hertzog y Urriolagoitia – El principio del fin del viejo orden". Oxígeno Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 February 2021.
  17. ^ "DECRETO SUPREMO No 786 del 14 de Mayo de 1947". www.gacetaoficialdebolivia.gob.bo. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  18. ^ rodidem (30 November 2009). "Luis Fernando Guachalla". ANDES (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  19. ^ "DECRETO SUPREMO No 891 del 11 de Septiembre de 1947 » Derechoteca.com". www.derechoteca.com. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  20. ^ "DECRETO SUPREMO No 1017 del 14 de Enero de 1948 » Derechoteca.com". www.derechoteca.com. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  21. ^ "DECRETO SUPREMO No 1302 del 09 de Agosto de 1948 » Derechoteca.com". www.derechoteca.com. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  22. ^ Gisbert 2003, pp. 483
  23. ^ "DECRETO SUPREMO No 1501 del 28 de Enero de 1949". www.gacetaoficialdebolivia.gob.bo. Archived from the original on 1 December 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  24. ^ "DECRETO SUPREMO No 1553 del 04 de Marzo de 1949 » Derechoteca.com". www.derechoteca.com. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  25. ^ "18. Bolivia (1917–present)". uca.edu. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  26. ^ admins5 (19 November 2014). "Mamerto Urriolagoitia (1895–1974)". www.educa.com.bo (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Bibliography