The enzyme weighs 14 kDa and is composed of 129 amino acids.[3][4] The protein is a subunit of Complex IV, which consists of 13 mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits.[2] The sequence of subunit Vb is well conserved and includes three conserved cysteines that coordinate the zinc ion.[5][6] Two of these cysteines are clustered in the C-terminal section of the subunit.
The COX5B gene, located on the q arm of chromosome 2 in position 11.2, is made up of 4 exons and is 2,137 base pairs in length.[2]
Function
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive ATP synthesis via protonmotive force. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits perform the electron transfer of proton pumping activities. The functions of the nuclear-encoded subunits are unknown but they may play a role in the regulation and assembly of the complex.[2]
Summary reaction:
4 Fe2+-cytochrome c + 8 H+in + O2 → 4 Fe3+-cytochrome c + 2 H2O + 4 H+out[11]
Clinical significance
COX5A and COX5B are involved in the regulation of cancer cell metabolism by Bcl-2.[12]
^Rizzuto R, Sandona D, Brini M, Capaldi RA, Bisson R (1991). "The most conserved nuclear-encoded polypeptide of cytochrome c oxidase is the putative zinc-binding subunit: primary structure of subunit V from the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1129 (1): 100–104. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(91)90220-G. PMID1661610.
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Pratt Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. (2013). "18". Fundamentals of biochemistry : life at the molecular level (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. pp. 581–620. ISBN978-0-470-54784-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Beauchemin AM, Gottlieb B, Beitel LK, Elhaji YA, Pinsky L, Trifiro MA (2001). "Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb interacts with human androgen receptor: a potential mechanism for neurotoxicity in spinobulbar muscular atrophy". Brain Res. Bull. 56 (3–4): 285–97. doi:10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00583-4. PMID11719263. S2CID24740136.
Further reading
Lomax MI, Hsieh CL, Darras BT, Francke U (1991). "Structure of the human cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb gene and chromosomal mapping of the coding gene and of seven pseudogenes". Genomics. 10 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90476-U. hdl:2027.42/29338. PMID1646156.
Romero N, Marsac C, Fardeau M, Droste M, Schneyder B, Kadenbach B (1990). "Immunohistochemical demonstration of fibre type-specific isozymes of cytochrome c oxidase in human skeletal muscle". Histochemistry. 94 (2): 211–5. doi:10.1007/BF02440190. PMID2162812. S2CID33365867.
Zeviani M, Sakoda S, Sherbany AA, Nakase H, Rizzuto R, Samitt CE, DiMauro S, Schon EA (1988). "Sequence of cDNAs encoding subunit Vb of human and bovine cytochrome c oxidase". Gene. 65 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(88)90411-8. PMID2840351.
Bachman NJ, Yang TL, Dasen JS, Ernst RE, Lomax MI (1996). "Phylogenetic footprinting of the human cytochrome c oxidase subunit VB promoter". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 333 (1): 152–62. doi:10.1006/abbi.1996.0376. PMID8806766.
Lefai E, Vincent A, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Tanguy A, Alziari S (1997). "Quantitative decrease of human cytochrome c oxidase during development: evidences for a post-transcriptional regulation". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1318 (1–2): 191–201. doi:10.1016/S0005-2728(96)00136-3. PMID9030264.
Beauchemin AM, Gottlieb B, Beitel LK, Elhaji YA, Pinsky L, Trifiro MA (2002). "Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb interacts with human androgen receptor: a potential mechanism for neurotoxicity in spinobulbar muscular atrophy". Brain Res. Bull. 56 (3–4): 285–97. doi:10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00583-4. PMID11719263. S2CID24740136.
Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC1847948. PMID17353931.
