^ ab"Field Marshal Ramon Castilla". City of Houston. Archived from the original on October 15, 2015. Retrieved August 12, 2023. The bronze bust of Field Marshall Ramon Castilla has been part of the International Sculpture Garden since 1991. There is no record of the artist. Ramon Castilla y Marquesado served as president of Peru four times. In his early years, he fought as a lieutenant in the Spanish army against revolutionary forces, then switched sides and joined General Jose Francisco de San Martin in the struggle for independence from Spain. As president, he is credited with ending slavery in Peru.
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