Bureau of Ordnance

The Bureau of Ordnance (BuOrd) was a United States Navy organization, which was responsible for the procurement, storage, and deployment of all naval weapons, between the years 1862 and 1959.

History

The Bureau of Ordnance was established as part of the Department of the Navy by an act of Congress, on July 5, 1862 (12 Stat. 510). The act split the Navy's existing Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography (1842–1862) into two entities by transferring hydrographic functions into the newly established Bureau of Navigation.

During the early 20th century, BuOrd became involved in the development of aerial weapons. This often led to friction with the Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer), which had responsibility for the development of Naval aircraft. BuAer's work on "pilotless aircraft," or drones, conflicted with BuOrd's development of guided missiles. After World War II, the Navy examined ways to improve coordination between the two bureaus; ultimately, the decision was made to merge the two organizations into a new bureau, to be known as the Bureau of Naval Weapons (BuWeps).^[1]

It was heavily criticized during the Second World War for its failure to quickly remedy the numerous issues with the Mark 14 torpedo which had an over 70% dud rate.

BuOrd was disestablished by Congress by an act of August 18, 1959 (73 Stat. 395), and its functions were transferred to the newly established Bureau of Naval Weapons. BuAir merged with BuOrd to form BuWeps. BuWeps, in turn, was disestablished in 1966 when the Navy overhauled its materiel organization and was replaced with the Naval Ordnance Systems Command (NAVORD) and the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR).^[1] Other systems commands at the time included the Naval Ship Systems Command (NAVSHIPS) and the Naval Electronics Systems Command (NAVELEX). Ship and submarine ordnance functions fell under the new Naval Ordnance Systems Command while air ordnance stayed with the Naval Air Systems Command. In July 1974, the Naval Ordnance Systems Command and Naval Ship Systems Command merged to form the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). Traditional Naval Ordnance functions are now conducted at the Naval Surface Warfare Centers which fall under the command of Naval Sea Systems Command.

Chiefs of the Bureau of Ordnance

Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren, 1862–1863
Captain Henry Augustus Wise, 1863–1868
Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren, 1868–1869
Rear Admiral Augustus Case, 1869–1873
Commodore William Nicholson Jeffers, 1873–1881
Commodore Montgomery Sicard, 1881–1890
Captain William M. Folger, 1890–1893
Commodore William T. Sampson, 1893–1897
Rear Admiral Charles O'Neil, 1897–1904
Rear Admiral George A. Converse, 1904
Rear Admiral Newton E. Mason, 1904–1911
Rear Admiral Nathan C. Twining, 1911–1913
Rear Admiral Joseph Strauss, 1913–1916
Rear Admiral Ralph Earle, 1916–1920
Rear Admiral Charles B. McVay Jr., 1920–1923
Rear Admiral Claude C. Bloch, 1923–1927
Rear Admiral William D. Leahy, 1927–1931
Rear Admiral Edgar B. Larimer, 1931–1934
Rear Admiral Harold Rainsford Stark, 1934–1937
Rear Admiral William R. Furlong, 1937–1941
Rear Admiral William H. P. Blandy, 1941–1943
Vice Admiral George F. Hussey Jr., 1943–1947
Rear Admiral Albert G. Noble, 1947–1950
Rear Admiral Malcom F. Schoeffel, 1950–1954
Rear Admiral Fredric S. Withington, 1954–1958

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b Title page of BuWeps records at the National Archives

External links

Works by or about Bureau of Ordnance at the Internet Archive

v t e Bureaus of the United States Navy
Aeronautics (1921–1959) Construction and Repair (1862–1940) Medicine and Surgery (1842–present) Naval Personnel (1862–present) Naval Weapons (1959–1966) Navigation (1862–1942) Ordnance (1862–1959) Ships (1940–1966) Steam Engineering (1862–1940) Supplies and Accounts (1892–1966) Yards and Docks (1842–1966)

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Archives and Records Administration.

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