Bunk Johnson

Bunk Johnson
Johnson in 1946
Johnson in 1946
Background information
Birth nameWilliam Gary Johnson
Also known asBunk
Born(1889-12-27)December 27, 1889
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
DiedJuly 7, 1949(1949-07-07) (aged 59)
New Iberia, Louisiana, U.S.
GenresJazz
InstrumentTrumpet
Years active1905–1931, 1942–1947
Formerly ofBunk Johnson & His New Orleans Jazz Band, George Lewis, Louis Armstrong

Willie Gary "Bunk" Johnson (December 27, 1889 – July 7, 1949)[1][2] was an American prominent jazz trumpeter from New Orleans.

Biography

Birth

Johnson gave the year of his birth as 1879, although Johnson stated on his 1937 application for Social Security that he was born on December 27, 1889[3] and there is speculation that he may have been younger by as much as a decade. According to jazz critic Scott Yanow, Johnson was probably born at the 1889 date.[2]

Johnson was the youngest of 14 children. He had been schooled in sight reading and improvisation by the time he began playing professionally with the Superior Orchestra and the Eagle Band in 1910. He claimed to have attended New Orleans University, although no diploma from the college survives.[2]

Education and early musical career

Johnson received lessons from Adam Olivier and began playing professionally in Olivier's orchestra. Johnson probably played a few adolescent jobs with Buddy Bolden, but was not a regular member of Bolden's Band (contrary to Johnson's claim). Johnson was regarded as one of the leading trumpeters in New Orleans in the years 1905–1915,[1] in between repeatedly leaving the city to tour with minstrel shows and circus bands.

After he failed to appear for a New Orleans Mardi Gras parade job in 1915, he learned that krewe members intended to do him bodily harm. So he left town, touring with shows and then by the early 1920s settling in New Iberia, Louisiana.[4] While living in New Iberia, Johnson worked in rice mills and the public school system, and continued playing jazz, but with local groups such as the Black Eagle Band from Crowley and the Banner Orchestra.[5]

In 1931, he lost his trumpet and front teeth when a fight broke out at a dance in Rayne, Louisiana, putting an end to his playing.[1] He thereafter worked in manual labor, occasionally giving music lessons.

Career revival and first recordings

In 1938 and 1939, the writers of an early jazz history book, Jazzmen, interviewed several prominent musicians of the time, including Louis Armstrong, Sidney Bechet, and Clarence Williams, who spoke highly of Johnson in the old days in New Orleans.[6] The writers tracked down Johnson's address, and traded several letters with him, where he recalled (and possibly embellished) his early career.[1] Johnson stated that he could play again if he only had new teeth and a new trumpet.[1] A collection was taken up by writers and musicians, and he was fitted with a set of dentures by Bechet's dentist brother, Leonard, and given a new trumpet.[7] He made his first recordings in 1942, for Jazz Man Records.[1]

The Superior Orchestra, 1910

Later touring career

These first recordings propelled Johnson (along with clarinetist George Lewis) into public attention.[1] Johnson and his band played in New Orleans, San Francisco, Boston, and New York City and made many more recordings. Johnson's work in the 1940s shows why he was well regarded by his fellow musicians.[1] On his best days he played with great imagination, subtlety, and beauty, as well as suggesting why he had not gained prominence earlier, for he was unpredictable, temperamental, with a passive-aggressive streak and a fondness for drinking alcohol to the point of impairment.[8]

Death

Johnson suffered from a stroke in late 1948 and died in New Iberia the following year.[7]

Legacy

Jazz historians have debated Johnson's legacy, and the extent to which his colorful reminiscences of his early career were accurate, misremembered, exaggerated, or untrue. Although in recent years, new evidence has appeared in jazz historian Vic Hobson's 2014 Creating Jazz Counterpoint. New Orleans, Barbershop Harmony, and the Blues, in which is stated that Buddy Bolden's band member Willy Cornish — who is seen on the only surviving picture of the Bolden Band — affirmed Bunk Johnson as a member of the early jazz group. This puts Johnson's own statements and recordings, in which he actively recreated the Bolden tunes, in a plausible and positive light, making them of great historical and musicological importance to the study of jazz and New Orleans jazz in particular.[9]

His recordings have been reissued on CD.

Johnson was a Catholic, and as of 2019 an annual Jazz Mass and procession was conducted in his hometown of New Iberia, beginning at St Edward Catholic Church and ending at Johnson's gravesite.[10]

In about 1996, Bunk Johnson Park was dedicated to his memory in New Iberia, Louisiana. Twenty years later, in 2016, the park was dismantled due to criminal activity in the area.[11][12]

The Iberia Parish Library hosts an archival collection of Johnson's papers and a special exhibit room for Johnson.[5][13]

Selected discography

1942

The following records were recorded June, 1942, and released on Jazz Man Records.[14][15]

  • "Down By The River / Panama": Jazz Man 8. Recorded in New Orleans, 1942.
  • "Weary Blues / Moose March": Jazz Man 9. Recorded in New Orleans, 1942.
  • "Storyville Blues / Bunk's Blues": Jazz Man 10. Recorded in New Orleans, 1942.

The following records were recorded October, 1942, and released on Milt Gabler's Jazz Information label, distributed by Commodore Records.[16][17]

  • "Franklin Street Blues / Weary Blues": Jazz Information 12. Recorded in New Orleans, 1942.
  • "Shine / Yaaka Hula Hickey Dula": Jazz Information 15. Recorded in New Orleans, 1942.
  • "Sobbin' Blues No. 2 / Sometimes My Burden Is So Hard To Bear": Jazz Information 16. Recorded in New Orleans, 1942.

American Music Records, 1943-1946

The following records include recordings made for Bill Russell's American Music label between 1943 and 1946.[18]

  • Bunk Plays The Blues And Spirituals: American Music 638 (10" LP). Recorded in New Orleans. Includes recordings by Johnson's working band (August 1944) and a brass band (May, 1945).[19]
  • 1944-1946: American Music 644 (10" LP). Recorded in New Orleans, May 1945, and New York, June 1946. Includes recordings by Johnson's working band (1945) and a trio featuring Don Ewell (1946).
  • New Orleans 1944: American Music 647 (10" LP). Recorded in New Orleans, August 1944.
  • Rare And Unissued Masters, Volume 1 (1943-1945): American Music AMCD-139. CD; reissued as ORG Music ORGM-2101 on LP for Record Store Day 2018. Includes further recordings by Johnson's working band (July–August 1944; May 1945) and Johnson's brass band (May, 1945); also includes duets with pianist Bertha Gonsoulin recorded in San Francisco, May 1943.[20]

San Francisco, 1944

Bunk Johnson recorded for Good Time Jazz with the Yerba Buena Jazz Band in early 1944.

  • Bunk Johnson and the Yerba Buena Jazz Band: Spirituals & Jazz: Good Time Jazz L-17. Recorded in San Francisco, January–February 1944.[21]

New York, 1945

Bunk Johnson recorded for Blue Note in March, 1945, and for Decca and RCA Victor in late 1945.

  • Sidney Bechet and Bunk Johnson: Days Beyond Recall: Blue Note BLP 7008. Recorded in New York, March 1945.[22]
  • Hot Jazz: RCA Victor HJ-7. Album of four 78 RPM shellac records; recorded in New York, December 1945.[23]
  • New Orleans Memories: Ace of Hearts AH 140. 12" LP, includes four recordings from a Decca session in New York, November 1945. Also includes recordings by Kid Ory and George Lewis.[24]

New York, 1947

Bunk Johnson's final recordings were made for Columbia in December, 1947.[25]

  • The Last Testament Of A Great New Orleans Jazzman: Columbia CL 829. 12" LP, recorded at Carnegie Recital Hall, New York City, December 1947.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Colin Larkin, ed. (1992). The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music (First ed.). Guinness Publishing. p. 1294. ISBN 0-85112-939-0.
  2. ^ a b c "Bunk Johnson: Profiles in Jazz - The Syncopated Times". 2020-03-28. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  3. ^ Tomko, Gene (2020). Encyclopedia of Louisiana Musicians: Jazz, Blues, Cajun, Creole, Zydeco, Swamp Pop, and Gospel. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. pp. 136–137. ISBN 978-0807169322.
  4. ^ "Bunk Johnson". Know Louisiana. Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities at Turners' Hall. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
  5. ^ a b Le Menestrel, Sara (Sep 2007). "The Color of Music: Social Boundaries and Stereotypes in Southwest Louisiana French Music". Southern Cultures. 13 (3): 87–105. doi:10.1353/scu.2007.0032. ISSN 1534-1488.
  6. ^ "Bunk Johnson". Red Hot Jazz Archive. Archived from the original on 2017-10-14. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
  7. ^ a b "An early jazz trumpet, Bunk Johnson". African American Registry. Archived from the original on 2017-10-17. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
  8. ^ "Bunk Johnson Rare & Unissued Masters 1943-46 - The Syncopated Times". 2019-09-12. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  9. ^ Hobson, Vic (2014). Creating jazz counterpoint : New Orleans, barbershop harmony, and the blues. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 3–5. ISBN 978-1-62674-025-9. OCLC 857288200.
  10. ^ Vaughn, Corey (2019-05-27). "Mass and procession to cemetery honor Bunk Johnson". The Daily Iberian. Archived from the original on 2019-05-27. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  11. ^ "Targeting wrongs at Bunk park". 28 August 2012.
  12. ^ "Bunk is back for third and final fete".
  13. ^ Crook, Don (2009). "The Bunk Johnson Collection". Iberia Parish Library. Archived from the original on 2023-09-28. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
  14. ^ "Jazz Man". Discogs. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  15. ^ Weijts, Willem. "Bunk Johnson Discography: June 1942". Weijts.com. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  16. ^ "Jazz Information (2)". Discogs. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  17. ^ Weijts, Willem. "Bunk Johnson Discography: 1942-10-02". Weijts.com. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  18. ^ "American Music". Discogs. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  19. ^ Bunk Plays The Blues And Spirituals (Media notes). American Music Records.
  20. ^ Rare And Unissued Masters, Volume 1 (1943-1946) (Media notes). ORG Music.
  21. ^ Weijts, Willem. "Bunk Johnson Discography: January-February 1944". Weijts.com. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  22. ^ Weijts, Willem. "Bunk Johnson Discography: 1945-03-10". Weijts.com. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  23. ^ Gleason, Ralph J. Hot Jazz (Media notes). RCA Victor.
  24. ^ Tanner, Peter. New Orleans Memories (Media notes). Ace of Hearts Records.
  25. ^ Avakian, George. The Last Testament Of A Great New Orleans Jazzman (Media notes). Columbia Records.