Buffy the Vampire Slayer season 5

Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Season 5
Region 1 Season 5 DVD cover
ShowrunnerJoss Whedon
Starring
No. of episodes22
Release
Original networkThe WB
Original releaseSeptember 26, 2000 (2000-09-26) –
May 22, 2001 (2001-05-22)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 4
Next →
Season 6
List of episodes

The fifth season of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer premiered on September 26, 2000, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 22, 2001. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 8:00 pm ET. This was the final season to air on The WB before it moved to UPN; The WB billed the season five finale as "The WB series finale".

Plot

In the season premiere, the famous vampire Count Dracula makes an appearance in Sunnydale in search of Buffy. He then bites Buffy in the same place where she was bitten by The Master and Angel ("Prophecy Girl" and "Graduation Day"). Buffy breaks free from his will and Dracula is defeated and staked, but not killed because of Dracula's extraordinary powers.

Season five introduces Buffy's younger "sister", Dawn, who suddenly appears in Buffy's life. Although she is new to the series, to the characters it is as if she has always been there; but Buffy remains somewhat suspicious and jealous of Dawn's bond with their mother. Xander's girlfriend Anya Jenkins begins to experience deeper human emotions, both negative and positive, such as a love for money. Anya is hired by Giles and works alongside him at a magic shop called The Magic Box.

Meanwhile, Glorificus, or Glory, a hell-goddess who was exiled from her dimension after a war, has come to Earth. She can only remain there by being connected to her human form; a medical intern called Ben. Glory takes the form of a beautiful young woman, with some of her powers still intact as long as she maintains her strength through draining people of their sanity. She begins searching for a "Key" that will allow her to return to her Hell dimension by blurring the lines between dimensions, and in the process unleashing Hell on Earth. At the beginning of the season Glory and Ben are vying for control, alternating who possesses the body they share; later the line between them begins to blur and they experience each other's emotions and memories.

When Joyce suffers from unexplained headaches, Buffy suspects Dawn may be harming her, but they discover that they were caused by a brain tumor. Buffy soon discovers that the Key's protectors had turned the Key into a human biologically related to the Summers — her new sister Dawn. At the same time, they implanted in her family and friends lifelong memories of her. As a result, Buffy, and especially Joyce, begin to accept Dawn as a true part of the family. Upon learning of Joyce's tumor, Buffy leaves her dorm to take care of her mother. Spike, still implanted with the Initiative chip, realizes he is in love with Buffy and begins fighting alongside the Scoobies after learning of Joyce's tumor and supports Dawn when she learns of her true origins. Riley leaves Buffy in the middle of the season after concluding that she does not love him, joining a military demon-hunting operation. The Watchers' Council, with which Buffy had previously cut ties, aids in Buffy's research of Glory, and the Council reinstates both her and Giles. When she learns of Spike's feelings for her while he tortures her, Buffy continually refuses his advances and alienates him from the group.

Near the end of the season, Joyce dies of an aneurysm, devastating Dawn and Buffy; Buffy drops out of college to take care of Dawn, who starts skipping school in her grief. Spike commissions Warren Mears to build a robot version of Buffy, later known as the Buffybot. This greatly angers Buffy, but she soon softens after Spike is tortured by Glory yet refuses to reveal that Dawn is the Key. After this ordeal, Buffy warms up to Spike, promising she will not forget what he has done for her and inviting him back into her life. Glory attacks Willow's girlfriend Tara Maclay, draining her of her sanity. In a rage, Willow turns to dark magic in order to gain powers to match Glory's. She vengefully attacks the hell goddess futilely and is nearly killed, but Buffy intervenes. Despite the defeat, this event results in Willow becoming significantly more powerful, but her dependency on magic increases and her personality starts to change in a sinister way.

Glory discovers that Dawn is the Key and kidnaps her. In a moment alone, Xander proposes to Anya. Buffy and her friends track Glory and Dawn to a tower built by Glory's minions. At the time of the ritual, Glory uses Dawn's blood to open the portal between dimensions, but she is distracted by the Scoobies' intervention. Willow takes Tara's sanity from Glory and gives it back, severely weakening Glory. After overpowering Glory, Buffy tells her to leave Sunnydale or die. When Glory reverts to Ben, Giles kills Ben to prevent her return. Dawn wants to sacrifice herself to save the world, but Buffy realizes that because she is related to Dawn, her own blood can also close the portal. She realizes the meaning of the First Slayer's message — "Death is your gift" — and sacrifices her own life to save Dawn's and close the portal. Buffy's friends mourn her death and praise her with the inscription on her headstone, "She saved the world a lot."

Cast and characters

Main cast

Recurring cast

Guest cast

Crew

Series creator Joss Whedon served as executive producer and showrunner, and wrote and directed three episodes including the season finale. Marti Noxon was promoted to co-executive producer and wrote three episodes, including directing two of them. Jane Espenson was promoted to producer and wrote or co-wrote five episodes. David Fury was promoted to supervising producer and wrote three episodes. Douglas Petrie was promoted to co-producer and wrote or co-wrote four episodes. New additions in the fifth season included Rebecca Rand Kirshner, who wrote three episodes and Steven S. DeKnight, who wrote two episodes.[1]

David Solomon directed the highest number of episodes in the fifth season, directing four episodes and was promoted to producer. Joss Whedon, James A. Contner (also co-producer), and David Grossman each directed three.

Episodes

See also: List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes
No.
overall		No. in
season		TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release dateProd.
code		U.S. viewers
(millions)
791"Buffy vs. Dracula"David SolomonMarti NoxonSeptember 26, 2000 (2000-09-26)5ABB015.83[2]
Buffy faces Count Dracula who has come to Sunnydale to make her one of his concubines. Dracula turns Xander into a Renfield of sorts, before being defeated but not killed.
802"Real Me"David GrossmanDavid FuryOctober 3, 2000 (2000-10-03)5ABB026.17[3]
Buffy is having trouble getting along with her sister Dawn, who is kidnapped by Harmony's gang. Harmony makes two inept attempts on Buffy's life, but fails each time and Dawn is saved.
813"The Replacement"James A. ContnerJane EspensonOctober 10, 2000 (2000-10-10)5ABB035.34[4]
Xander is split into two people by a demon, one strong, the other weak. The lame Xander is unhappy that the cool Xander lives his life better than he can, getting an apartment and generally impressing Anya.
824"Out of My Mind"David GrossmanRebecca Rand KirshnerOctober 17, 2000 (2000-10-17)5ABB045.10[5]
Riley is risking his health to be able to fight with Buffy. His super soldier enhancement is destroying his heart. Buffy enlists Spike to take Riley to the doctor, but instead Spike kidnaps the doctor to remove his chip.
835"No Place Like Home"David SolomonDouglas PetrieOctober 24, 2000 (2000-10-24)5ABB056.41[6]
Glory, the new Big Bad, is looking for "The Key". After being beaten by Glory, Buffy meets a monk who reveals to her that she doesn't really have a sister — Dawn is The Key, sent to Buffy for protection.
846"Family"Joss WhedonJoss WhedonNovember 7, 2000 (2000-11-07)5ABB066.19[7]
Tara is about to celebrate her 20th birthday, and her family comes to abduct her before she becomes a demon. Glory sends demons after the Slayer, and Tara accidentally helps them.
857"Fool for Love"Nick MarckDouglas PetrieNovember 14, 2000 (2000-11-14)5ABB075.66[8]
After a close call, Buffy asks Spike about the slayers he's killed. Spike tells Buffy the story of his unlife, and reveals a dark secret about Slayers that not even Buffy knew to be true.
868"Shadow"Dan AttiasDavid FuryNovember 21, 2000 (2000-11-21)5ABB084.83[9]
Joyce Summers has a brain tumor, and Buffy worries about how Dawn will take it. In addition, Buffy must keep her sister safe from Glory and her magic snake.
879"Listening to Fear"David SolomonRebecca Rand KirshnerNovember 28, 2000 (2000-11-28)5ABB095.48[10]
As Buffy and Dawn help their mother prepare for surgery, an extraterrestrial preys on Sunnydale's mental patients and follows Joyce home. The alien was summoned by Ben to clean up Glory's mess, and Buffy kills it.
8810"Into the Woods"Marti NoxonMarti NoxonDecember 19, 2000 (2000-12-19)5ABB104.85[11]
Buffy learns Riley has been going to a vampire brothel to have his blood sucked for pleasure. She confronts him, and he says he's going away with the military if she doesn't give him a reason to stay. She wants him to stay, but doesn't tell him in time.
8911"Triangle"Christopher HiblerJane EspensonJanuary 9, 2001 (2001-01-09)5ABB114.85[12]
Emotions between Willow and Anya come to a boil over Xander, and they summon a troll (Olaf). The troll was Anya's ex-boyfriend whom she called vengeance upon. He tries to make Xander choose between the women, but Buffy sends him packing.
9012"Checkpoint"Nick MarckDouglas Petrie & Jane EspensonJanuary 23, 2001 (2001-01-23)5ABB125.01[13]
The Watcher's Council withholds information about Glory from Buffy and make her go through a series of tests. Glory and the Knights of Byzantium target Buffy, and she realizes it's because she has power over them. She confronts Quentin Travers and the Council members he brought with him, and makes it clear they work for her, not the other way around. Buffy orders Quentin to give her the scoop on Glory, and learns she is not a demon - she's a god.
9113"Blood Ties"Michael GershmanSteven S. DeKnightFebruary 6, 2001 (2001-02-06)5ABB134.89[14]
Dawn discovers that she is the Key, becomes depressed, and runs away. She tells her tale to Ben, who morphs into Glory. Glory, not remembering Ben's thoughts, decides Dawn doesn't know the Key's location, and Willow and Tara teleport Glory elsewhere.
9214"Crush"Dan AttiasDavid FuryFebruary 13, 2001 (2001-02-13)5ABB144.90[15]
Spike's profession of love for Buffy is spurned when Drusilla returns. He offers to kill Drusilla for her, but Buffy is unimpressed. After Harmony returns to the scene and attacks Spike for revenge, Drusilla tries to kill Buffy. He saves Buffy from Drusilla, but has his invitation to the Summers' home revoked.
9315"I Was Made to Love You"James A. ContnerJane EspensonFebruary 20, 2001 (2001-02-20)5ABB155.11[16]
A robot girlfriend, April, is abandoned by her creator, Warren. When April tries to kill Warren's current girlfriend, Buffy intervenes. Spike secretly coerces Warren into making him a robot of Buffy.
9416"The Body"Joss WhedonJoss WhedonFebruary 27, 2001 (2001-02-27)5ABB165.97[17]
Buffy and the gang are crushed by the death of Joyce. Dawn goes to the morgue to see the body and is attacked by a vampire. Buffy saves her and watches as Dawn reaches to touch Joyce.
9517"Forever"Marti NoxonMarti NoxonApril 17, 2001 (2001-04-17)5ABB174.29[18]
Buffy is comforted by Angel following her mother's death, although he can't stay. Dawn attempts to resurrect Joyce with the help of Spike and Doc, but stops part way through the ceremony after Buffy convinces her.
9618"Intervention"Michael GershmanJane EspensonApril 24, 2001 (2001-04-24)5ABB184.73[19]
The Scoobies discover Spike's new robot toy; Glory's minions kidnap Spike, thinking he is the Key, and when they realize he isn't they torture him for information. Buffy and Giles go on a discovery quest about the origin of the Slayer. Buffy is told ominously that "Death is your gift".
9719"Tough Love"David GrossmanRebecca Rand KirshnerMay 1, 2001 (2001-05-01)5ABB194.59[20]
Willow and Tara get into an argument, leaving Tara vulnerable to be attacked by Glory, who thinks she is the Key. After discovering her error, Tara's mind is partially sucked out and Willow swears revenge.
9820"Spiral"James A. ContnerSteven S. DeKnightMay 8, 2001 (2001-05-08)5ABB205.11[21]
Glory discovers the real Key, and Buffy and company must flee from her, and the Knights of Byzantium who are trying to destroy the Key. The gang race from Sunnydale in a caravan.
9921"The Weight of the World"David SolomonDouglas PetrieMay 15, 2001 (2001-05-15)5ABB214.76[22]
Willow tries to reach the Slayer, who has been rendered catatonic by Dawn's abduction.
10022"The Gift"Joss WhedonJoss WhedonMay 22, 2001 (2001-05-22)5ABB225.22[23]
Buffy and the gang set out to rescue Dawn and fight Glory as the ritual commences. Also, Buffy finally realizes the meaning of "Death Is Your Gift."

Crossovers with Angel

The fifth season of Buffy the Vampire Slayer aired along with the second season of Angel. Both shows retained their timeslots on The WB Television Network, airing on Tuesdays at 8:00 PM ET and 9:00 PM ET respectively.

The Buffy episode "Fool for Love" is a companion to the Angel episode "Darla". Both episodes feature multiple flashbacks to the history of Spike (James Marsters) and Darla (Julie Benz), shown from their respective viewpoints. Angel (David Boreanaz) and Drusilla (Juliet Landau) also appear in both episodes. Both episodes feature a same scene – one from the point of view of Spike and the other from Angelus, Darla, and Drusilla.

Buffy recurring character Drusilla makes her first present-tense appearance on Angel in the episode "The Trial". She returns to Sunnydale in her final present-tense appearance in the episode "Crush".

Angel visits Buffy in the episode "Forever" to comfort her after he learns that her mother died.

Buffy recurring character Harmony Kendall (Mercedes McNab) visits L.A. in the Angel episode "Disharmony". Harmony would later appear in the fifth season of Angel and become a main character. Willow (Alyson Hannigan) also appears in the episode in a conversation with Cordelia (Charisma Carpenter) over the phone.

Willow comes to L.A. in the Angel season two finale, "There's No Place Like Plrtz Glrb" to deliver the news to Angel that Buffy had died.

Reception

The series was included in the American Film Institute's list for the best drama series of the year. Joss Whedon was nominated for a Nebula Award for Best Script for "The Body". The series was nominated for three Television Critics Association Awards, for Individual Achievement in Drama (Sarah Michelle Gellar), Outstanding Achievement in Drama, and Program of the Year.[24]

The episodes "The Body" and "The Gift" were particularly praised by critics. Rolling Stone ranked both episodes as the best episodes of the whole series.[25] Similarly, Vox listed them in the top five of all episodes.[26] David Bianculli in the New York Daily News commended the performances of Gellar, Trachtenberg, Hannigan, and Benson. "The Body", according to Bianculli is "Emmy-worthy ... It also will haunt you—but not in the normal way associated with this still-evolving, still-achieving series."[27] Television critic Alesia Redding and editor Joe Vince of the South Bend Tribune wrote, "I was riveted by this show ... This isn't just one of the best Buffy episodes of all time. It's one of the best episodes of TV of all time." Redding added, "If you watch this incredible episode and don't recognize it as great TV, you're hopeless ... A 'fantasy' show delivers the most stark and realistic take on death I've ever seen, deftly depicting how a loved one who dies suddenly becomes 'the body'."[28] Gareth McLean in The Guardian rejected the notion that Buffy is similar to other "schmaltzy American teen show(s)" like Dawson's Creek: "This episode was a brave, honest and wrenching portrayal of death and loss. The way this was handled by Joss Whedon ... was ingenious. Time slowed down and the feeling of numbness was palpable as Buffy and her gang tried to come to terms with Joyce's death." McLean especially appreciated the small details of Buffy protecting Joyce's dignity and the confusion shown by the characters. He concludes, "Joyce may be dead but long live Buffy the Vampire Slayer."[29] At Salon.com, Joyce Millman wrote, "there hasn't been a finer hour of drama on TV this year than ... 'The Body' ... You have to hand it to the writers; Joyce's demise came as a complete surprise. In that instant, Buffy's childhood officially ends. Even if Buffy gets stiffed in every other Emmy category this year, 'The Body' should convince the nominating committee that Gellar is for real ... I can't remember the last time I saw a more wrenching portrayal of the shock of loss."[30] Andrew Gilstrap at PopMatters declares it "possibly the finest hour of television I've seen, bar none ... It is an incredibly moving episode, one that finally admits that you don't walk away from death unscathed. It also shows that, for all the group's slaying experience, they really weren't prepared for death when it stole a loved one."[31] The Futon Critic named "The Body" the best episode of 2001.[32] Entertainment Weekly named "The Gift" one of TV's best season finales ever.[33]

The fifth season averaged 4.5 million viewers.[34] Rotten Tomatoes gave season five a score of 83% with an average rating of 7.5 out of 10 based on 12 reviews with a critics consensus stating, "Brilliant, risky and beautiful, Buffy reaches past the missteps of season four to deliver a fresh, unpredictable season that ends with a bang."[35] Paste and MovieWeb ranked it the best season of the series.[36][37]

Home media

Buffy the Vampire Slayer: The Complete Fifth Season was released on DVD in region 1 on December 9, 2003[38] and in region 2 on October 28, 2002.[39] The DVD includes all 22 episodes on 6 discs presented in full frame 1.33:1 aspect ratio (region 1) and in anamorphic widescreen 1.78:1 aspect ratio (region 2 and 4). Special features on the DVD include four commentary tracks—"Real Me" by writer David Fury and director David Grossman; "Fool for Love" by writer Doug Petrie; "I Was Made to Love You" by writer Jane Espenson; and "The Body" by writer and director Joss Whedon. Scripts for "The Replacement", "Fool for Love", "Into the Woods", and "Checkpoint" are included. Featurettes include, "Buffy Abroad", which details the international popularity of the show; "Demonology: A Slayer's Guide", a featurette presented by Danny Strong showcasing the various demons on the show; "Casting Buffy", which details the casting process of all the main actors; "Action Heroes!: The Stunts of Buffy" details the stunts and features behind-the-scenes footage with the stunt actors; "Natural Causes", a featurette on the episode "The Body"; "Spotlight on Dawn" details the introduction of the character and interview with actress Michelle Trachtenberg; and "The Story of Season 5", a 30-minute featurette where cast and crew members discuss the season. Also included are series outtakes, Buffy video game trailer, photo galleries, and DVD-ROM content.[40]

References

  1. ^ "A Brief History of Mutant Enemy". Whedon.info. May 24, 2004. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
  2. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Sept. 25–Oct. 1)". The Los Angeles Times. October 4, 2000. Retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  3. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Oct. 2–8)". The Los Angeles Times. October 11, 2000. Retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  4. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Oct. 9–15)". The Los Angeles Times. October 18, 2000. Retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  5. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Oct. 16–22)". The Los Angeles Times. October 25, 2000. Retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  6. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Oct. 23–29)". The Los Angeles Times. November 1, 2000. Retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  7. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Nov. 6–12)". The Los Angeles Times. November 15, 2000. Retrieved May 8, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  8. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Nov. 13–19)". The Los Angeles Times. November 22, 2000. Retrieved May 8, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  9. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Nov. 20–26)". The Los Angeles Times. December 1, 2000. Retrieved May 8, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  10. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Nov. 27-Dec. 3)". The Los Angeles Times. December 6, 2000. Retrieved May 8, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  11. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Dec. 18–24)". The Los Angeles Times. December 29, 2000. Retrieved May 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  12. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Jan. 8–14)". The Los Angeles Times. January 19, 2001. Retrieved May 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  13. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Jan. 22–28)". The Los Angeles Times. January 31, 2001. Retrieved May 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  14. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Feb. 5–11)". The Los Angeles Times. February 14, 2001. Retrieved May 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  15. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Feb. 12–18)". The Los Angeles Times. February 22, 2001. Retrieved May 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  16. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Feb. 19–25)". The Los Angeles Times. February 28, 2001. Retrieved May 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  17. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (Feb. 26-March 4)". The Los Angeles Times. March 7, 2001. Retrieved May 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  18. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (April 16–22)". The Los Angeles Times. April 25, 2001. Retrieved May 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  19. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (April 23–29)". The Los Angeles Times. May 2, 2001. Retrieved May 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  20. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (April 30-May 6)". The Los Angeles Times. May 9, 2001. Retrieved May 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  21. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (May 7–13)". The Los Angeles Times. May 16, 2001. Retrieved May 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  22. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (May 14–20)". The Los Angeles Times. May 23, 2001. Retrieved May 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  23. ^ "National Nielsen Viewership (May 21–27)". The Los Angeles Times. June 1, 2001. Retrieved May 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.Free access icon
  24. ^ ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer" (1997) - Awards". IMDb. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  25. ^ Francis, Jack (May 20, 2023). "'Buffy the Vampire Slayer': Every Episode Ranked From Worst to Best". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  26. ^ Grady, Constance (March 10, 2017). "In honor of Buffy's 20th anniversary, we ranked it from worst to best episode". Vox. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  27. ^ Bianculli, David (February 27, 2001). "Super Yet Natural: Tonight's 'Buffy' is a gem of realism". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
  28. ^ Redding, Alesia (May 25, 2003). "Slayed to rest; A few tweaks might have let 'Buffy' go into TV history with a little more bite". South Bend Tribune.
  29. ^ McLean, Gareth (April 21, 2001). "Review: Last night's TV: A real death in Buffy land". The Guardian: 19.
  30. ^ Millman, Joyce (March 21, 2001). "The death of Buffy's mom". Salon.com. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
  31. ^ Gilstrap, Andrew (June 10, 2002). "Death and the Single Girl: Buffy Grows Up". Pop Matters. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
  32. ^ Brian Ford Sullivan (January 7, 2002). "The 50 Best Episodes of 2001 - #10-1". The Futon Critic. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  33. ^ "TV's Best Season Finales Ever". EW.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  34. ^ "Rétrospective Buffy Contre Les Vampires" (in French). Audiences USA. December 30, 2010. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2015.
  35. ^ "Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Season 5 (2000-2001)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
  36. ^ "Every Season of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Ranked". Paste Magazine. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  37. ^ Martello, Olivia (June 21, 2022). "Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Every Season, Ranked". MovieWeb. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  38. ^ "Buffy the Vampire Slayer - The Complete Fifth Season (1997)". Amazon.com. December 9, 2003. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
  39. ^ "Buffy DVD and VHS". BBC. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  40. ^ "Buffy the Vampire Slayer - Season 5". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on October 9, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

Read other articles:

Gregorio Sablan

Northern Mariana Islander politician (born 1955) Gregorio SablanOfficial portrait, 2009Delegate to theU.S. House of Representativesfrom the Northern Mariana Islands'at-large districtIncumbentAssumed office January 3, 2009Preceded byPedro Tenorio (Resident Representative)Member of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representativesfrom the 2nd districtIn office1982–1986 Personal detailsBorn (1955-01-19) January 19, 1955 (age 69)Saipan, Mariana Islands, Trust Territory ...

 

WAC Corporal

WAC atau WAC Corporal adalah sebuah roket sounding pertama kali dikembangkan di Amerika Serikat. Dimulai sebagai sebuah spin-off dari program Corporal, WAC adalah adik untuk lebih besar Kopral. Ini dirancang dan dibangun bersama oleh Douglas Aircraft Company dan Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory. Referensi Alway, Peter, Rockets of the World, Third Edition. Saturn Press: Ann Arbor, 1999. Pranala luar Astronautix.com article Article from Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles Article...

 

Доисторическая Франция

Доистори́ческий пери́од Фра́нции — период человеческого заселения Франции, начиная с ранних гоминид и вплоть до железного века, когда во Франции появилась кельтская по происхождению латенская культура. Содержание 1 Палеолит 1.1 Нижний палеолит 1.2 Средний палеолит 1.3 В...

Edoardo Vesentini

Edoardo Vesentini Senatore della Repubblica ItalianaDurata mandato2 luglio 1987 –22 aprile 1992 LegislaturaX GruppoparlamentareSinistra Indipendente Incarichi parlamentariVicepresidente della 7ª Commissione permanente (Istruzione pubblica, beni culturali) dal 5 agosto 1987 al 27 settembre 1989 Sito istituzionale Direttore della Scuola Normale SuperioreDurata mandato1º novembre 1978 –2 luglio 1987 PredecessoreGiovanni Pugliese Carratelli SuccessoreLuigi Ariald...

 

James Legge

James LeggeLahir(1815-12-20)20 Desember 1815Huntly, Aberdeenshire, SkotlandiaMeninggal29 November 1897(1897-11-29) (umur 81)Oxford, InggrisAlmamaterUniversitas Aberdeen James Legge Hanzi: 理雅各 Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: Lǐ Yǎgè Yue (Kantonis) - Romanisasi Yale: Léih Ngáah-gok James Legge (/lɛɡ/; 20 Desember 1815 – 29 November 1897) adalah seorang sinologis, misionaris, dan cendekiawan Skotlandia, yang dikenal sebagai penerjemah awal teks-teks Tiongh...

 

ロバート・デ・ニーロ

ロバート・デ・ニーロRobert De Niro 2011年のデ・ニーロ生年月日 (1943-08-17) 1943年8月17日（80歳）出生地 アメリカ合衆国・ニューヨーク州ニューヨーク市身長 177 cm職業 俳優、映画監督、映画プロデューサージャンル 映画、テレビドラマ活動期間 1963年 -配偶者 ダイアン・アボット（1976年 - 1988年）グレイス・ハイタワー（1997年 - ）主な作品 『ミーン・ストリート』（1973年）...

The Cuckoo's Curse

2023 Spanish-German film The Cuckoo's CurseFilm posterSpanishEl cuco Directed byMar TargaronaWritten byAlfred Pérez-FargasRobert DanèsProduced byMarina PadróJoaquín PadróWolfgang MuellerBenito MuellerMar TargaronaStarringBelén CuestaRainer ReinersJorge SuquetHildegard SchroedterCinematographyRafa LluchEdited byJosé Luis RomeuMusic byDiego NavarroProductioncompaniesRodar y RodarEl Pájaro Cuco AIEBarry FilmsDistributed byFilmax (es)Release dates 17 March 2023 (2023-03...

 

2021 Detroit Lions season

92nd season in franchise history 2021 Detroit Lions seasonOwnerSheila Ford HampGeneral managerBrad HolmesHead coachDan CampbellHome fieldFord FieldResultsRecord3–13–1Division place4th NFC NorthPlayoff finishDid not qualifyPro BowlersOG Jonah JacksonUniform ← 2020 Lions seasons 2022 → The 2021 season was the Detroit Lions' 92nd season in the National Football League (NFL), the 20th playing their home games at Ford Field and their first under the head coach/genera...

 

3 Commando Brigade (United Kingdom)

Commando Brigade of the United Kingdom 3rd Special Service Brigade3rd Commando Brigade3 Commando BrigadeBadge of 3 Commando BrigadeActive14 February 1942 – presentCountry United KingdomBranch Corps of Royal Marines British Army Royal Navy  Royal Air ForceTypeCommandoSizeBrigadeGarrison/HQHQ: Stonehouse Barracks, PlymouthNickname(s)The CommandosMarchQuick: Sarie MaraisEngagements Second World War Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palesti...

Confederate States of America

Unrecognized state in North America (1861–1865) Confederate States redirects here. For the system of government, see Confederation. For a list of confederate nation states, see List of confederations. For other uses, see Confederacy (disambiguation). For the 2004 film, see C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America. This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. When this tag was added, its readable prose size was 18,000 words. Consider splitting content into sub-articles, co...

 

Literary theory

Systematic study of the nature of literature This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Literary theory – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Literature Oral literature Folklore fable fairy tale folk play folksong heroic epic legend myt...

 

History of Louisiana

History of Louisiana By year Pre-statehood U.S. Civil War Post-Civil War Topics: African-Americans - Cities - Politics United States portalvte The history of the area that is now the U.S. state of Louisiana, can be traced back thousands of years to when it was occupied by indigenous peoples. The first indications of permanent settlement, ushering in the Archaic period, appear about 5,500 years ago. The area that is now Louisiana formed part of the Eastern Agricultural Complex. The Marksv...

Fox Mulder

X-Files protagonist Fictional character Fox MulderThe X-Files characterFirst appearancePilot (September 10, 1993)Last appearanceMy Struggle IV (March 21, 2018)Portrayed byDavid DuchovnyCityWashington, D.C.In-universe informationFull nameFox William MulderSpeciesHumanGenderMaleOccupationFBI Special AgentFamilyTeena Mulder (mother)Bill Mulder (legal father)Cigarette Smoking Man (biological father)Jeffrey Spender (paternal half-brother)Samantha Mulder (maternal half-sister)William Scully (biolog...

 

1573

Calendar year Millennium: 2nd millennium Centuries: 15th century 16th century 17th century Decades: 1550s 1560s 1570s 1580s 1590s Years: 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 January 25: Battle of Mikatagahara in Japan May 26: Battle of Haarlemmermeer in the Netherlands 1573 by topic Arts and science Architecture Art Literature Music Science Leaders Political entities State leaders Colonial governors Religious leaders Birth and death categories Births – Deaths Establishmen...

 

Lauren Marie Gardner

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2022. Lauren ...

شركة أحادية القرن

شركة أحادية القرن أو شركة يوني كورن مصطلح اقتصادي يطلق على الشركات الصاعدة التي يتخطى رأسمالها مليار دولار،[1] اُستخدم هذا المصطلح لأول مرة عام 2013 من خلال الخبيرة المالية الأمريكية أيليين لي والتي وصفته في مقالة لها بـ«نادي أحادي القرن» (بالإنجليزية: Unicorn Club)‏ وذلك على...

 

Adtalem Global Education

Illinois-based corporation that operates for-profit colleges This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Adtalem Global Education – news · newspapers · books ...

 

Passage Susan Sontag

Cet article est une ébauche concernant Paris. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. 19e arrtPassage Susan Sontag Le passage en juin 2021. Situation Arrondissement 19e Quartier Pont-de-Flandre Début 189, boulevard Macdonald Fin 60, rue Cesária-Évora Historique Dénomination 2014 Ancien nom Voie ER/19 Géolocalisation sur la carte : Paris Passage Susan Sontag Géolocalisation sur la carte&#...

1903–04 FA Cup

Football tournament season 1903–04 FA CupThe Manchester City team following the club's first FA Cup victoryTournament detailsCountry EnglandDefending championsBuryFinal positionsChampionsManchester City(1st title)Runner-upBolton Wanderers← 1902–031904–05 → The 1903–04 FA Cup was the 33rd season of the world's oldest association football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup). Manchester City won the competitio...

 

NAL Saras

Indian airliner Saras NAL Saras taking off Role Business jet / Military transport aircraftType of aircraft National origin India Manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Design group National Aerospace Laboratories Council of Scientific and Industrial Research First flight Mk1 - 29 May 2004 Mk2 (~2025, planned)[1] Status In production (Mk1)[2][3] Primary users Indian Air Force (intended)Indian Army (intended) Number built 2 prototypes The NAL Saras (Sanskrit: Cr...