Bruce Fink

For the American psychoanalyst, see Bruce Fink (psychoanalyst).
Bruce Fink
Born(1861-12-22)December 22, 1861
Blackberry, Illinois, U.S.
DiedJuly 10, 1927(1927-07-10) (aged 65)
NationalityAmerican
EducationUniversity of Illinois (BS, MS)
Harvard University (MA)
OccupationLichenologist
SpouseIda May Hammond
Children3

Bruce Fink (December 22, 1861 – July 10, 1927) was an American lichenologist. His name was synonymous with the field of botany in the United States for more than 30 years. Although educated and well-versed across the spectrum of botany, Fink focused his passion on lichenology, publishing more than 100 research papers, reviews, notes and monographs.[1] With a specialty in taxonomy, Fink’s contributions to the field of lichenology was in the realm of identifying the relationship, classification and distribution of lichens. He had a broad interest in fungi, particularly ascomycetes. Several lichens have been named in his honor, including the species Calosphaeria finkii,[2] Lepraria finkii [3], Dermatina finkii,[4] Patellaria finkii,[2] and the genus Finkia.[5]

Early life and education

Fink was born in Blackberry, Illinois on December 22, 1861[6] to Reuben and Mary Elizabeth Fink.[7] He received his primary and secondary education in Blackberry. Fink earned a Bachelor of Science degree in 1887 and a Master of Science degree in 1894 from the University of Illinois.[8] It was during his time at the University of Illinois that Fink made the acquaintance of two professors who inspired him to pursue natural history. Fink went on to do his graduate work at Harvard University, where he received a Master of Arts degree in 1896.[7] While at Harvard, Fink was the Townsend Scholar. Harvard brought him into contact with another great influencer, an expert and leading authority at the time in the field of lichens. This and other contacts not only propelled Fink to ultimately deliver his own contributions to the field of botany, but also opened the door for him to obtain his first two teaching jobs.[8]

Career

Fink began his teaching profession at Upper Iowa University in 1892 as Professor of Botany. In 1903 he was recruited to become Professor of Botany at Grinnell College where he remained for three years.[9] In 1906, Fink accepted the call from Miami University to head up the Department of Botany. He remained at the University until his death in 1927.[6]

Fink's earliest research paper was published in 1896. The topic was "Pollination and Reproduction of Lycopersicum esculentum."[10] At this time, his interest in lichens began to take hold, leading him to author numerous research papers on the subject. Fink was a member of numerous scientific societies, including Iowa Academy of Science (president),[11] American Association for the Advancement of Science, Sigma Xi, and Botanical Society of America, among others, oftentimes assuming leadership positions.[12]

Fink was never one to shy away from controversy. He was an early champion of Schwendener’s proposal that lichens were actually dual organisms, consisting of both algae and fungi. It was a very unpopular thesis in America at that time. He went on to develop and advocate a classification scheme that positioned lichens amidst the fungi that he believed were parasitic on their algal component.[13]

Fink was not content to merely study lichen systematics and floristics, he was also absorbed with their ecology and physiology. His floristic studies are the ones for which the world now remembers him, especially his studies of Minnesota lichens[14] and his "Lichen Flora of the United States"[15] which was completed by his student Joyce Hedrick after his death. "Lichen Flora...", although difficult to exploit, is the only study for the United States that considers all lichen groups (1,578 species, varieties, and forms, belonging to 178 genera and 46 families).[16]

Views on tobacco

He was an opponent of tobacco and published several papers on the subject of tobacco addiction.[17][18]

Personal life

Bruce Fink was married to Ida May Hammond and they had three children.[7]

Selected publications

The standard author abbreviation Fink is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[19]
  • Fink, B. (1903). "Presidential Address – Two Centuries of North American Lichenology". Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. 11 (1): 11–38.
  • Fink, B. (1910). "The lichens of Minnesota". Contributions from the US National Herbarium. 14: 1–269.
  • Fink, B. (1918). "The distribution of fungi in Puerto Rico". Mycologia. 10 (2): 58–61. doi:10.2307/3753226. JSTOR 3753226.
  • Fink, B. (1918). "A new genus and species of the Collemaceae". Mycologia. 10 (5): 235–238. doi:10.2307/3753187. JSTOR 3753187.
  • Fink, B. (1927). "New species of lichens from Porto Rico – I. Graphidaceae". Mycologia. 19 (4): 206–221. doi:10.2307/3753982. JSTOR 3753982.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Fink, Bruce 1861–1927". WorldCat Identities.
  2. ^ a b Petrak F. (1923). "Mykologische Notizen. VI". Annales Mycologici (in German). 21 (3–4): 182–335 (see pp. 306–7).
  3. ^ Hue, l'abbé (January 1924). "Monographia Crocyniarum". Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France (in French). 71 (2): 311–402. Bibcode:1924BSBF...71..311H. doi:10.1080/00378941.1924.10836944. ISSN 0037-8941.
  4. ^ Zahlbruckner A. (1930). "New species of lichens from Porto Rico. III". Mycologia. 22 (2): 69–79. doi:10.2307/3753735. JSTOR 3753735.
  5. ^ Vainio EA. (1929). "New species of lichens from Porto Rico. II". Mycologia. 21 (1): 33–40. doi:10.2307/3753855. JSTOR 3753855.
  6. ^ a b Wylie RB. (1928). "Bruce Fink, lichenologist". Mycologia. 20 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1080/00275514.1928.12016889. JSTOR 3753797.
  7. ^ a b c Pammell LH. (1928). "Prominent men I have met: Dr. Bruce Fink". Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. 35: 34–39.
  8. ^ a b "Fink, Bruce (1861-1927)". Natural History Museum. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
  9. ^ "News". Botanical Gazette. 35 (3): 231–232. March 1, 1903. doi:10.1086/328342. ISSN 0006-8071.
  10. ^ Fink, Bruce (1896). Pollination and Reproduction of Lycopersicum esculentum. Minnesota Geological Survey.
  11. ^ "Presidents_1895-1925". Iowa Academy of Science. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
  12. ^ Davis, B. M.; Williams, S. R.; Handschin, C. H.; Clark, F. L.; Shideler, W. H. (September 22, 2016). "Memorial of Professor Bruce Fink | Science". Science. 66 (1719): 554. doi:10.1126/science.66.1719.554. S2CID 178240935.
  13. ^ Fink, Bruce (January 1, 1914). "The Relation of the Lichen to Its Algal Host". Transactions of the American Microscopical Society. 33 (1): 5–10. doi:10.2307/3221751. JSTOR 3221751.
  14. ^ "Details - The lichens of Minnesota / - Biodiversity Heritage Library". www.biodiversitylibrary.org. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
  15. ^ "Details - The lichen flora of the United States, by Bruce Fink ... completed for publication by Joyce Hedrick. - Biodiversity Heritage Library". www.biodiversitylibrary.org. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
  16. ^ "The Lichen Flora of the United States". University of Michigan Press. 1935. ISBN 9780472751372.
  17. ^ Fink, Bruce (January 1, 1915). Tobacco. Abingdon Press.
  18. ^ Fink, Bruce (1921). "Smoking and Scholarship Again". School and Society. 14: 87–89.
  19. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Fink.

Read other articles:

Hari Arwah

Hari ArwahAll Souls' Day karya William-Adolphe BouguereauNama lainPengenangan Arwah Semua Orang BerimanDirayakan olehKatolik RomaAnglikanismeOrtodoks Timurbeberapa denominasi ProtestanWarna liturgiUngu atau, sesuai tradisi tertentu, hitam[1]JenisBagi semua jiwa umat beriman yang telah meninggal duniaKegiatanBerdoa bagi yang telah meninggal, ziarah ke makam, hidangan makanan khususTanggal(Barat) 2 November(Timur) Beberapa kali dalam setahunFrekuensitahunanTerkait denganHalloween 31 Okt...

 

 

First Born (film)

First BornSutradaraIsaac WebbProduserRick SchwartzLemore SyvanDitulis olehIsaac WebbPemeranElisabeth ShueSteven MackintoshKathleen ChalfantBlair BrownPenata musikJohn FrizzellSinematograferAlejandro MartínezPenyuntingJohn GilroyPerusahaanproduksiIEG Virtual StudiosBlueprint FilmsElevation FilmworksKey Creative ProductionsDistributorFirst Look Home EntertainmentTanggal rilisDurasi92 menitNegara Amerika SerikatBahasaInggris First Born adalah film horor-thriller supranatural Amerika ...

 

 

دوري الدرجة الأولى السعودي 1985–86

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (نوفمبر 2019) دوري الدرجة الأولى السعودي السلسلة دوري الدرجة الأولى السعودي  الموسم 1985–86 البلد السعودية  1984–85 198...

Joris Ivens

Joris IvensJoris Ivens, circa 1971LahirGeorg Henri Anton Ivens(1898-11-18)18 November 1898Nijmegen, BelandaMeninggal28 Juni 1989(1989-06-28) (umur 90)Paris, PrancisKebangsaanBelandaPekerjaanPembuat filmSuami/istriMarceline Loridan-Ivens Konferensi World Union of documentary films di Warsawa tahun 1948: Basil Wright (kiri), Elmar Klos, Joris Ivens (kedua dari kiri) dan Jerzy Toeplitz. Cuplikan film Regen (Rain, 1929) oleh Joris Ivens. Joris Ivens (kiri) bersama Ernest Hemingway (tengah) ...

 

 

خالد بن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن آل سعود

خالد بن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن آل سعود معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1937  الطائف  تاريخ الوفاة 13 يناير 2021 (83–84 سنة)[1]  مواطنة السعودية  الزوجة الجوهرة بنت عبد العزيز آل سعود  الأب عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود  عائلة آل سعود  الحياة العملية المهنة �...

 

 

Nanda Bhanar

Mountain in Uttarakhand, India This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Nanda BhanarNanda Bhanar Right of Nanda KotHighest&#...

Cold Souls

2009 American filmCold SoulsPromotional film posterDirected bySophie BarthesWritten bySophie BarthesProduced by Dan Carey Elizabeth Giamatti Paul Mezey Andrij Parekh Jeremy Kipp Walker Starring Paul Giamatti Emily Watson David Strathairn CinematographyAndrij ParekhEdited byAndrew MondsheinMusic byDickon HinchliffeDistributed bySamuel Goldwyn FilmsRelease dates January 17, 2009 (2009-01-17) (Sundance) August 7, 2009 (2009-08-07) (United States) Running tim...

 

 

Bravo (British TV channel)

Former television channel in the United Kingdom and Ireland This article is about the defunct UK channel. For the unrelated American TV network, see Bravo (American TV network). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Bravo British TV channel – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (Februa...

 

 

Pasar Beringharjo

Pasar BeringharjoꦥꦱꦂꦧꦼꦫꦶꦁꦲꦂꦗTampak muka Pasar Beringharjo.LokasiKota Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa YogyakartaAlamatJalan Marga Mulya No.16Kelurahan Ngupasan, Kemantrèn GondomananKota Yogyakarta 55122Tanggal dibuka1758PengurusUPT Pusat Bisnis dan Pasar Beringharjo Dinas Perdagangan Kota YogyakartaJumlah toko dan jasa5441[1]Jumlah lantai5 (3 disisi barat, 2 disisi timur)Akses transportasi umum 1A   2A   3A   8   10  ...

土库曼斯坦总统

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府（Oguzkhan Presidential Palace）機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年，可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關（英语：National Council of Turkmenistan） ...

 

 

乌克兰总理

 烏克蘭總理Прем'єр-міністр України烏克蘭國徽現任杰尼斯·什米加尔自2020年3月4日任命者烏克蘭總統任期總統任命首任維托爾德·福金设立1991年11月后继职位無网站www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/（英文） 乌克兰 乌克兰政府与政治系列条目 宪法 政府 总统 弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基 總統辦公室 国家安全与国防事务委员会 总统代表（英语：Representatives of the President of Ukraine） 总...

 

 

Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca

Railway operator in Mallorca, Spain Serveis Ferroviaris de MallorcaOverviewLocaleMajorcaNumber of lines3Number of stations29Daily ridership4.8 million (2019)[1]OperationBegan operation1994 (1994)TechnicalSystem length85 km (52.82 mi)[2]Track gauge1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca (Catalan pronunciation: [səɾˈvəjs fəroviˈaɾiz ðə məˈʎɔɾkə]) or SFM is a company which operates the me...

Isomerase

Class of enzymes which convert a molecule between isomeric forms In biochemistry, isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another. Isomerases facilitate intramolecular rearrangements in which bonds are broken and formed. The general form of such a reaction is as follows: A − B →  isomerase  B − A {\displaystyle {\ce {A-B}}\quad {\xrightarrow[{\text{ isomerase }}]{}}\quad {\ce {B-A}}} There is only one substrate yieldi...

 

 

Talisca

Nama ini menggunakan cara penamaan Portugis. Nama keluarga pertama atau maternalnya adalah Souza dan nama keluarga kedua atau paternalnya adalah Conceição. Anderson Talisca Talisca bersama Beşiktaş pada tahun 2017Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Anderson Souza ConceiçãoTanggal lahir 1 Februari 1994 (umur 30)Tempat lahir Feira de Santana, BrasilTinggi 1,90 m (6 ft 3 in)Posisi bermain Gelandang Serang, PenyerangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Al NassrNomor 94Karier junior...

 

 

Flute

Woodwind instrument This article is about the whole family of instruments. For the flute commonly used in orchestras and bands, see Western concert flute. For other uses, see Flute (disambiguation). Shinobue and other flutes Part of a series onMusical instruments Woodwinds Bagpipes Bassoon Contrabassoon Cor anglais Clarinet Flute Nadaswaram Oboe Piccolo Saxophone Tharai Brass instruments Baritone horn Cornet Euphonium Flugelhorn French horn Mellophone Tenor horn Trombone Trumpet Tuba String i...

Elitery

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. PT. Data Sinergitama Jaya Tbk, atau yang lebih dikenal dengan nama Elitery, adalah perusahaan yang menyediakan layanan (managed service) di bidang Teknologi Informasi, khususnya teknologi pusat data (data center) virtual yang dikenal dengan sebutan ko...

 

 

Asghar Hajiloo

Iranian footballer Asghar Hajiloo Personal informationFull name Asghar HajilooDate of birth (1956-08-01) 1 August 1956 (age 67)Place of birth Tehran, IranPosition(s) DefenderSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1976–1988 Esteghlal International career1984–1986 Iran 18 (0) *Club domestic league appearances and goals Asghar Hajiloo is a retired Iranian footballer who played as a defender. He represented Iran at the 1984 Asian Cup. He also played for Esteghlal. International Records Year ...

 

 

List of flag bearers for São Tomé and Príncipe at the Olympics

Sporting event delegationSão Tomé and Príncipe at theOlympicsIOC codeSTPNOCComité Olímpico de São Tomé e PríncipeMedals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Summer appearances19962000200420082012201620202024 This is a list of flag bearers who have represented São Tomé and Príncipe at the Olympics.[1][2] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. # Event year Season Flag bearer Sport 7 2020 Summer Buly Da Conceiç...

Minda Inc

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Minda Inc – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Minda IncMinda Home, patients and staff, 1927Founded1898LocationBrighton, South Australia, with a number of other sitesCoordinates35°00′16″S 13...

 

 

Walter Engines

Walter engines a.s. Logo Rechtsform a.s. Gründung 1911 Sitz Prag, Tschechien Tschechien Branche Motorenbau Website www.walterengines.com Unternehmenssitz in Prag Walter Engines ist ein in Prag ansässiger tschechischer Hersteller von Turbomotoren für Kleinflugzeuge bzw. Komponenten für Flugmotoren. Das Unternehmen stellt unter anderem den seit 1975 über 1500 Mal gebauten Turbopropantrieb Walter M601 her, der auch für die Let L-410 genutzt wurde. Ab 1913 wurden auch Autos, anfangs e...