British narrow-gauge slate railways

Narrow-gauge railways were used extensively in the slate industry of Great Britain, especially in Wales. Many quarries had internal tramways, some using many dozens of miles of track. Others had private lines that stretched from the quarry to transhipment points on local railways, rivers, roads or coastal ports.

Wales

Name Opened Closed Gauge Location Image Notes
Abereiddi Tramway[1] 1851 1906 3 ft (914 mm) Porthgain 2 mile long horse-drawn tramway linking St. Bride's Slate Quarry with Porthgain
Aberllefenni quarry tramway 1859[2] 2002 2 ft 3 in (686 mm) Aberllefenni Underground slate mine and short line to the village mill. Connected to the Corris Railway until it closed in 1948.[2]
Alexandra quarry[3] 1861 1934 2 ft (610 mm) Moel Tryfan Steam locomotive worked quarry feeder tramway connected to the Bryngwyn branch of the Welsh Highland Railway.
Arthog Tramway[4] 1858 1868 2 ft (610 mm) Arthog Incline and horse-worked tramway
Blaen-y-Cae quarry tramway[3] 1870 1931 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Talysarn Nantlle Vale quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway
Blaen y Cwm quarry[5] 1974 2 ft (610 mm) Blaenau Ffestiniog Internal quarry tramway system, connected to the Rhiwbach Tramway via a short uphaul incline.
Braich quarry tramway[3][6] before 1877 1932 2 ft (610 mm) Moel Tryfan Connected to the North Wales Narrow Gauge Railways at Bryngwyn
Braich-Rhydd quarry tramway[3][6] before 1873 1915 2 ft (610 mm) Y Fron Connected to the Nantlle Railway
Bryn Glas Tramway 1900s early ? 2 ft (610 mm) (?) Bethesda Short-lived horse-worked tramway built during the 1900-1903 strike at Penrhyn quarry
Bryn-y-Fferam quarry tramway[3] 1860s 1886 ? Moel Tryfan Isolated quarry with two pits connected by a tunnel.
Cardigan Slate Works[7] ? about 1910 2 ft (610 mm) Glandyfi 1⁄4 mile (0.40 km)-long tramway serving a quarry on the south bank of the Afon Dyfi
Carnarvonshire Slate Quarries Railway[8] 1850s 1915 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Nantlle Horse-worked feeder tramway from the Tan-yr-allt slate quarry to the Nantlle Railway
Cedryn quarry tramway[8][9] 1861 1888 2 ft (610 mm) Llanrwst 4 mile long horse-powered tramway serving the Cedryn quarry by Llyn Eigiau;
partly relaid in 1917 as part of the Eigiau Tramway
Chwarel Fedw tramway[8] 1840s (?) 1880s 2 ft (610 mm) Dolwyddelan 1⁄4 mile (0.40 km) long tramway connecting Chwarel Fedw across the Lledr Valley to Prince Llewellyn quarry mill.
Cilgwyn quarry tramway[3] before 1861 1956 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cilgwyn quarry Nantlle Vale quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway. Two steam locomotives survive in preservation.
Coed Madoc quarry tramway[3] before 1864 1927 2 ft (610 mm) Tal-y-Sarn Steam locomotive worked quarry tramway. Inclines connected to a standard-gauge branch from Tal-y-sarn.
Cornwall quarry tramway[3] 1867 1937 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Tal-y-sarn Nantlle Vale quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway.
Croesor Tramway[8] 1864 about 1944[10] 2 ft (610 mm) Porthmadog Horse-powered tramway serving the slate quarries of the Croesor valley
Cwm Ebol Tramway[8] 1868 1906[11] 3 ft (914 mm) later 2 ft (610 mm) Pennal 1½ mile long tramway with two self-acting inclines.
The last Welsh slate quarry connected only to a shipping point instead of a railway.
Cwmorthin Tramway[8] 1864 1939 2 ft (610 mm) Tanygrisiau 1.8 mile long tramway connecting the quarries of Cwm Orthin to the Ffestiniog Railway.
Cwt y Bugail quarry[5] 1974 2 ft (610 mm) Blaenau Ffestiniog Internal locomotive-worked quarry tramway system, connected to the Rhiwbach Tramway. It was the last user of the section of the Trmaway above No. 3 incline
Deeside Tramway[8] 1870 by 1947 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) Glyndyfrdwy Horse-powered tramway serving the Moel Fferna slate quarry. Mostly laid with wooden rails sheathed in iron.
Dorothea quarry tramway[3] before 1873 1970 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Tal-y-sarn Major Nantlle Vale quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway.
Eigiau Tramway[9] 1863 1888 2 ft (610 mm)[9] Llanrwst Tramway connecting the Eigiau mine 6 miles to the shipping point on the River Conwy
Foel Gron Tramway 1860 about 1900 2 ft (610 mm) (?) Llan Ffestiniog Horse-powered tramway.
Friog tramway ? ? 2 ft (610 mm) Fairbourne 1.5 miles (2.4 km)-long tramway connecting the Henddol slate quarry via tramways to the Afon Mawddach[7]
Fron quarry tramway[6] 1864 1950 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Fron Quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway and the North Wales Narrow Gauge Railways via separate inclines.
Fron-heulog quarry tramway[3] 1854 1913 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Nantlle Quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway.
Gallt-y-Fedw quarry tramway[3] 1857 1901 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Fron Quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway.
Gorseddau Tramway/Tremadoc Tramway[8] 1855 1872 3 ft (914 mm) Porthmadog Horse-powered tramway serving the remote slate quarries of the Cwmystradllyn valley.
Gorseddau Junction and Portmadoc Railways 1872 1887 2 ft (610 mm) Porthmadog Regauged and extended Gorseddau Tramway.
Hendre-Ddu Tramway[8] 1877 1949 1 ft 10 in (559 mm) Aberangell Network of branch lines serving slate quarries and timber forests west of the Dyfi valley.
John Robinson Tramway[8] 1868 c. 1875 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Nantlle Valley Horse worked tramway connecting Fron quarry with the Nantlle Railway
Llechwedd quarry[12] 1860s? 1980s? 2 ft (610 mm) Blaenau Ffestiniog Extensive slate mine, once supported by nearly 100 miles of internal railway.
Commercial railway use has now ceased but a tourist incline railway is operated.
Maenofferen quarry[13] 1860s? 1999 2 ft (610 mm) Blaenau Ffestiniog The last slate mine in Blaenau Ffestiniog to use an internal quarry tramway and incline
Moel Siabod tramways[9] 1863 1901 2 ft (610 mm) Capel Curig A pair of remote quarries served by a short tramway to a wharf for transshipment onto the Capel Curig road.
Nant Col quarry ? ? 2 ft (610 mm) (?) Llanbedr Internal slate quarry tramway.
Nantlle Railway 1828 1963 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Penygroes Horse-hauled slate tramway serving the quarries of the Nantlle vale.
Oakeley quarry 1814 by ? 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm) Blaenau Ffestiniog One of the largest slate mines in Wales, a major source of the Festiniog Railway's traffic.
Oernant Tramway[8] 1852 1897 3 ft (914 mm) Llangollen Six mile long tramway connecting the Moel-y-faen and Clogau quarries with the Llangollen Canal and slate works
Padarn Railway 1843 1961 4 ft (1,219 mm) Llanberis Slate hauler serving the Dinorwic quarry which itself had an extensive narrow-gauge rail system.
Pantdreiniog quarry 1903 1911 2 ft (610 mm) Bethesda Quarry set up by striking Penrhyn quarry miners during the historic lock-outs.
Penarth quarry 2 ft (610 mm) Corwen 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km)_long tramway that passed in a tunnel under the main road and to a siding near Bonwm Halt railway station on the Ruabon–Barmouth line.[7]
Penrhyn Railway 1874 1962 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm) Bethesda Slate hauler serving the Penrhyn Quarry which itself had an extensive narrow-gauge rail system.
Pen-yr-Orsedd quarry tramways[3] 1862 1979 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Nantlle Internal quarry system feeding the Nantlle Tramway.
Porthgain Railway[1] 1880 slate 1931 3 ft (914 mm) Porthgain Locomotive worked railway connecting the Pen Clegyr and St Bride's quarries to Porthgain harbour.
Built over part of the route of the earlier horse-worked Abereiddi Tramway.
Prince Llewellyn quarry[14] 1820 1934 2 ft (610 mm) Dolwyddelan Internal tramways and inclines within the quarry, and a 0.5 miles (0.80 km)-long tramway across the bottom of the Lledr valley connecting to Chwarel Fedw.[15]
Ratgoed Tramway 1860s 1950s 2 ft 3 in (686 mm) Aberllefenni Horse and gravity worked light tramway connecting the Cymerau and Ratgoed quarries with the Corris Railway
Rhiwbach Tramway 1863 1961 2 ft (610 mm) Blaenau Ffestiniog Locomotive and incline worked tramway connecting the remote quarries around Cwt y Bugail to the Ffestiniog Railway
South Snowdon Tramway[8] 1868 1880s 2 ft (610 mm) Hafod y Llan Series of inclines and tramways connecting the quarries above Hafod y Llan to the North Wales Narrow Gauge Railways
Tyddyn Sieffre Tramway[8] 1858 1900 2 ft (610 mm) Barmouth Self acting incline and mile-long horse-drawn tramway
Upper Corris Tramway[8] 1859 1930 2 ft 3 in (686 mm) Corris Horse-drawn tramway connecting the quarries around Corris Uchaf with the Corris Railway at Maespoeth Junction

Rest of Britain

  • Underground incline at Honister slate mine
    Underground incline at Honister slate mine
  • Burlington slate quarry
    Burlington slate quarry
  • Slate loading jetty on Seil
    Slate loading jetty on Seil
  • Delabole slate quarry
    Delabole slate quarry
Name Opened Closed Gauge Location Notes
Aberfoyle Slate Quarries[16] ? By 1954 ? Trossachs, Scotland Tramway serving this successful quarry
Ballachulish Slate Quarry ? By 1955.[17] ? Ballachulish, Scotland Internal quarry system with well-built inclines.
Balvicar Slate Quarry[16] ? By early 1960s.[18] ? Balvicar, Scotland Quarry on a southern Hebridean Island with hand-worked railway.
Burlington Slate Quarries[19] ? Around 1971 3 ft 2+1⁄4 in (972 mm) Elterwater, England Internal quarry system serving this Lake District quarry. The railway was originally horse worked, but later used battery-electric and diesel locomotives. The quarry is still in production.
Delabole Quarry ? ? 2 ft (610 mm) Delabole, Cornwall Extensive narrow-gauge system serving the Delabole quarry. Used steam, and later, internal combustion locomotives.
Easdale Quarry ? By 1911[20] ? Easdale, Scotland Deep pits extending below sea level on this Hebridean island, with a locomotive-worked narrow-gauge railway moving stone from the pits to the harbour. The flooded pits are still a prominent feature of the island, and the locomotive shed still stands.
Elterwater Slate Quarry ? ? 2 ft (610 mm) Elterwater, England Internal quarry system serving this Lake District quarry.
Honister Slate Mine[21] ? Present 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) Elterwater, England Internal quarry system serving this Lake District quarry. Due to the location of the mine at the head of the Honister Pass, the railway featured long inclines as well as locomotive haulage. In 1997 the mine re-opened with a newly built narrow-gauge railway to support the operations.
Seil Slate Quarry[16] ? By World War I ? Seil, Scotland Extensive slate quarries on this Hebridean Island, served by a network of hand-worked narrow-gauge railways.
Tir na Oig Slate Quarry[16] ? Late 1930s ? Luing, Scotland Slate quarry on this Hebridean Island, served by a hand-worked narrow-gauge tramway connecting to a jetty. Remains of the tramway, including track and wagons remained in 1999.
Toberonochy Slate Quarry[16] ? ? ? Luing, Scotland Slate quarry on this Hebridean Island, served by a hand-worked narrow-gauge tramway.

References

  1. ^ a b Jermy, R. C. (1986). The Railways of Porthgain and Abereiddi. Oxford: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-340-0.
  2. ^ a b The Corris Railway Society (1988). A Return to Corris. Avon-Anglia Publications & Services. ISBN 978-0905466897.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Boyd 1990
  4. ^ Richards 2005
  5. ^ a b Lewis, M. J. T. (2003). Blaen y Cwm and Cwt y Bugail Slate Quarries. Adit Publications. ISBN 0952297930.
  6. ^ a b c Jones, Gwynfor Pierce & Richards, Alun John (2004). Cwm Gwyrfai: the Quarries of the North Wales Narrow Gauge and the Welsh Highland Railways. Llanrwst: Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 0863818978.
  7. ^ a b c Boyd, James I.C. (1970) [1965]. Narrow Gauge Railways in Mid-Wales. The British Narrow Gauge Railway (2nd ed.). Lingfield, Surrey: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 978-0-85361-024-3. OCLC 499283322. No.3.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Richards 2001
  9. ^ a b c d Boyd, James I. C. (2001). Narrow Gauge Railways in North Caernarvonshire; Volume Three: The Dinorwic Quarry and Railways, The Great Orme Tramways and Other Rail Systems. Oxford: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-328-1.
  10. ^ Southern, Dave; Barell, Adrian (2018). The Croesor Tramway. The Welsh Highland Railway Heritage Group. ISBN 9780993082160.
  11. ^ Quine, Dan (March 2017). "Baguley 774 and the Pennal Tramway". Industrial Railway Record.
  12. ^ "Industrial Narrow Gauge Railways".
  13. ^ Boyd, James I. C. (1988). Narrow Gauge Railways in South Caernarvonshire; Volume One (2nd ed.). Oxford: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-365-6.
  14. ^ Richards, Alun John (1999). The Slate Regions of North and Mid Wales and Their Railways. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 978-0-86381-552-2.
  15. ^ David Christopher Davies (1887). A Treatise on Slate and Slate Quarrying: Scientific, Practical, and Commercial. C. Lockwood and Company. pp. 43–.
  16. ^ a b c d e Walsh, Joan A (1999). "Methods of evaluating slate and their application to the Scottish slate quarries" (PDF). University of Glasgow.
  17. ^ Custom and Conflict in 'The Land of the Gael': Ballachulish 1900-1910. by Neville Kirk. The Merlin Press Ltd. 2007.
  18. ^ Slate Island Heritage Trust
  19. ^ Nicholson, Peter (1975). Industrial Narrow Gauge Railways in Britain. Barton.
  20. ^ Easdale Island Folk Museum
  21. ^ "Industrial Narrow Gauge Railways – Honister Slate Mine". Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016.

Bibliography

  • Richards, Alun John (2001). The Slate Railways of Wales (1st. ed.). Llanrwst, Wales: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 0-86381-689-4.