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Brassicales
	Alliaria petiolata, garlic mustard (Brassicaceae)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Clade:	Malvids
Order:	Brassicales; Bromhead
Families
	Akaniaceae; Bataceae; Brassicaceae; Capparaceae; Caricaceae; Cleomaceae; Emblingiaceae; Gyrostemonaceae; Koeberliniaceae; Limnanthaceae; Moringaceae; Pentadiplandraceae; Resedaceae; Salvadoraceae; Setchellanthaceae; Tiganophytaceae; Tovariaceae; Tropaeolaceae;

The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system.^[2] One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds. Most systems of classification have included this order, although sometimes under the name Capparales (the name chosen depending on which is thought to have priority).^[3]

The order typically contains the following families:^[4]

Akaniaceae – two species of turnipwood trees, native to Asia and eastern Australia
Bataceae – salt-tolerant shrubs from America and Australasia
Brassicaceae – mustard and cabbage family; may include the Cleomaceae
Capparaceae – caper family, sometimes included in Brassicaceae
Caricaceae – papaya family
Cleomaceae^[1]
Gyrostemonaceae – several genera of small shrubs and trees endemic to temperate parts of Australia
Koeberliniaceae – one species of thorn bush native to Mexico and the US Southwest
Limnanthaceae – meadowfoam family
Moringaceae – thirteen species of trees from Africa and India including the drumstick
Pentadiplandraceae – African species whose berries have two highly sweet tasting proteins
Resedaceae – mignonette family
Salvadoraceae – three genera found from Africa to Java
Setchellanthaceae
Tiganophytaceae
Tovariaceae
Tropaeolaceae – nasturtium family

Classification

The following diagram shows the phylogeny of the Brassicales families along with their estimated ages, based on a 2018 study of plastid DNA:^[5]

Brassicales families

36

	Akaniaceae

	Tropaeolaceae

92

64

	Moringaceae

	Caricaceae

Setchellanthaceae

85

Limnanthaceae

78

	Salvadoraceae

	Bataceae

73

Koeberliniaceae

66

Emblingiaceae

61

55

Pentadiplandraceae

46

	Resedaceae

	Gyrostemonaceae

Tovariaceae

49

Capparaceae

43

	Cleomaceae

	Brassicaceae

Phylogentic relationships based on data from plastid DNA. The numbers next to each branching point indicate its estimated date (million years ago). Families with more than 30 species are in bold.

On 20 April 2020, a newly described monotypic species from Namibia, namely, Tiganophyton karasense Swanepoel, F.Forest & A.E. van Wyk is placed under this order as a monotypic member of new family Tiganophytaceae, which is closely related to Bataceae, Salvadoraceae and Koeberliniaceae.^[6]

Historic classifications

Under the Cronquist system, the Brassicales were called the Capparales, and included among the "Dilleniidae". The only families included were the Brassicaceae and Capparaceae (treated as separate families), the Tovariaceae, Resedaceae, and Moringaceae. Other taxa now included here were placed in various other orders.

The families Capparaceae and Brassicaceae are closely related. One group, consisting of Cleome and related genera, was traditionally included in the Capparaceae but doing so results in a paraphyletic Capparaceae.^[3] Therefore, this group is generally now either included in the Brassicaceae or as its own family, Cleomaceae.^[4]^[7]