Bramah lock

The Bramah challenge lock

The Bramah lock was created by Joseph Bramah in 1784. The lock employed the first known high-security design.

History

After attending some lectures on technical aspects of locks, Bramah designed a lock of his own, receiving a patent for it in 1784. In the same year he started the Bramah Locks company at 124 Piccadilly, London.[1]

The locks produced by his company were famed for their resistance to lock picking and tampering, and the company famously had a "challenge lock" displayed in the window of their London shop from 1790, mounted on a board containing the inscription:

The artist who can make an instrument that will pick or open this lock shall receive 200 guineas the moment it is produced.[2][3]

The Great Exhibition 1851

The challenge stood for over 67 years until, at the Great Exhibition of 1851, the American locksmith Alfred Charles Hobbs was able to open the lock and, following some argument about the circumstances under which he had opened it, was awarded the prize. Hobbs' attempt required about 51 hours, spread over 16 days.[4]

The Challenge Lock is in the Science Museum in London. An examination of the lock shows that it has been rebuilt since Hobbs picked it. Originally it had 18 iron slides and 1 central spring; it now has 13 steel slides, each with its own spring.[5]

Bramah received a second patent for a lock design in 1798.[6]

Design

The Bramah lock used a cylindrical key and keyhole, as does the current lock. The end of the key has a number of slots of different depths which, when inserted into the lock and pressed against spring tension, would depress a number of wafers to a specified depth and enable the key to turn and open the lock. The original shared some similarities with a modern tubular pin tumbler lock, but used fixed wafers instead of two-part pins. The original Bramah lock had 18 different wafers, which allowed for 470 million possible permutations.[2]

The lock's innovative design presented a unique engineering challenge to create tools capable of making the different parts involved. Bramah worked extensively with an engineer named Henry Maudslay to create a number of different machine tools for working with the cylindrical key and lock.[7]

Location

The Bramah company is currently based in Fitzrovia, London and Romford, Essex.[4] Though no longer thought to be completely unpickable, the venerable design is still sold as a very secure lock.[8]

References

  1. ^ Tobias, Marc Weber (January 1, 2000). LOCKS, SAFES, AND SECURITY: An International Police Reference Two Volumes (2nd Ed.). Charles C Thomas Publisher. ISBN 9780398083304 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ a b Kastner, Jeffrey. "National Insecurity". Cabinet Magazine. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  3. ^ "Bankers' Magazine, Journal of the Money Market, and Commercial Digest". Richard Groombridge. July 27, 1851 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ a b "Bramah UK: British Lock Manufacturer, Locksmiths, and Alarm Engineers". www.bramah.co.uk.
  5. ^ "Bramah 18 slide safe lock". www.antique-locks.com.
  6. ^ Skempton (2002), p.70
  7. ^ Pulford, Graham (2007). High-Security Mechanical Locks: An Encyclopedic Reference. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 558. ISBN 9780080555867.
  8. ^ Estes, Adam Clark (20 October 2015). "The History and Future of Locks and Keys". Gizmodo.

Bibliography

  • Sir Alec Skempton; et al. (2002). A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: Vol 1: 1500 to 1830. Thomas Telford. ISBN 0-7277-2939-X.

Read other articles:

Orbit Lissajous

Lissajous orbit around Sun-Earth L2 [clarification needed] Dalam mekanika orbital, orbit Lissajous (diucapkan: [lisa.ʒu]), dinamai Jules Antoine Lissajous, adalah lintasan orbital kuasi-periodik yang objek dapat mengikuti sekitar titik Lagrangian sistem tiga-tubuh tanpa memerlukan propulsi apapun. Orbit Lyapunov sekitar titik Lagrangian melengkung jalan yang terletak sepenuhnya pada bidang dari dua badan utama. Sebaliknya, orbit Lissajous termasuk komponen dalam pesawat ini dan teg...

 

Sedan, Prancis

Kastil Sedan Sedan merupakan nama kota di Prancis. Terletak di departemen Ardennes, jumlah penduduknya 20.548 jiwa (1999) dan luas wilayah 16,28 km². Kepadatan penduduknya adalah 1.262 jiwa/km². Pranala luar Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Sedan. Pengawasan otoritas Umum Integrated Authority File (Jerman) VIAF 1 WorldCat Perpustakaan nasional Amerika Serikat Republik Ceko Lain-lain MusicBrainz area SUDOC (Prancis) 1

 

Makmur, Angsana, Tanah Bumbu

MakmurDesaNegara IndonesiaProvinsiKalimantan SelatanKabupatenTanah BumbuKecamatanAngsanaKode pos72275Kode Kemendagri63.10.09.2008 Luas... km²Jumlah penduduk... jiwaKepadatan... jiwa/km² Makmur adalah desa di kecamatan Angsana, Tanah Bumbu, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. Pranala luar (Indonesia) Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 050-145 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemberian dan Pemutakhiran Kode, Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan, dan Pulau tahun 2021 (Indonesia) Peraturan Menteri Dalam ...

Texas A&M University–Central Texas

Public university in Killeen, Texas, United States Texas A&M University–Central TexasFormer namesAmerican Technological University (1973–1989)University of Central Texas (1989–1999)Tarleton State University–Central Texas (1999–2009)TypePublicEstablished1999 (Tarleton State University campus)2009 (A&M system)PresidentMarc NigliazzoProvostMargaret Gray-VickreyStudents3,470[1]Undergraduates1,664[1]Postgraduates753[1]LocationKilleen, Texas, United States3...

 

Экономика Эсватини

Экономика Эсватини Центральный банк Свазиленда Валюта лилангени Фискальный год 1 апреля — 31 марта Международныеорганизации ВТО, САДК, SACU Статистика ВВП 3,727 млрд долл. США (оценка, 2016)[1] Рост ВВП ▲ 0,3 % ВВП на душу населения ▲ 9900 долл. США (оценка, 2017) ВВП по секторам се...

 

Eochaid

Nama Eochaid yang muncul pada folio 29r Paris Bibliothèque Nationale Latin 4126 (naskah Poppleton): Eochodius.[1] Eochaid (fl. 878–889) merupakan seorang pria asal Briton pada abad ke-9 yang diduga pernah bertakhta sebagai Raja Strathclyde dan/atau Raja Pict.[note 1] Dia adalah putra Rhun ab Arthgal, Raja Strathclyde, dan keturunan raja Britania. Ibunda Eochaid tercatat sebagai putri Cináed mac Ailpín, Raja Pict. Ia berasal dari Wangsa Alpin mungkin menjelaskan catatan Eo...

Thomas Hackney

American politician From 1905's Official Manual of the State of Missouri 1907 - 1908 Thomas Hackney (December 11, 1861 – December 24, 1946) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri. Born near Campbellsville, Tennessee, Hackney moved with his parents to Jackson County, Illinois, in 1864. He attended the common schools of Jackson County, the Southern Illinois Normal University at Carbondale, and the University of Missouri. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar September 18, 1886, and comm...

 

المعهد العالي لإدارة الأعمال (سوريا)

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (فبراير 2016) المعهد العالي لإدارة الأعمال (سوريا) معلومات التأسيس 23 يونيو 2001  الموقع الجغرافي إحداثيات 33°33′00″N 36°18...

 

Pension Protection Act of 2006

President George W. Bush signs into law the Pension Protection Act of 2006 The Pension Protection Act of 2006 (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 109–280 (text) (PDF)), 120 Stat. 780, was signed into law by U.S. President George W. Bush on August 17, 2006. Pension reform This legislation requires companies who have underfunded their pension plans to pay higher premiums to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) and extends the requirement of providing extra funding to th...

Army General Staff plot

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Army General Staff plot – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Army General Staff plotDateOctober 1, 1948LocationBangkok, ThailandResult Coup failedBelligerents Thai government Royal Tha...

 

Sheriffs in the United States

Chief of county law enforcement Sheriff badges are typically star-shaped, as opposed to the shield-shaped badges of most city police. Law enforcement in the United States Law Courts Corrections Separation of powers Legislative Executive Judicial Jurisdiction Federal Tribal State County Local Military Legal context Criminal procedure Reasonable suspicion Probable cause Miranda warning Arrest Arrest warrant Searches and seizures Terry stop Actual innocence Criminal investigation Criminal psycho...

 

Naval Criminal Investigative Service

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang agen federal. Untuk serial televisi, lihat NCIS (serial televisi).Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Naval Criminal Investigative Service – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (March 2013) Unite...

Strabane ambush

Strabane ambushPart of the Troubles and Operation BannerNear the ambush siteDate23 February 1985LocationStrabane, County TyroneNorthern Ireland54°49′48″N 7°28′12″W / 54.83000°N 7.47000°W / 54.83000; -7.47000Result British victoryBelligerents Provisional IRAIRA West Tyrone Brigade  United Kingdom British Army (SAS)Commanders and leaders Charles BreslinStrength 3 IRA Volunteers 8 soldiersCasualties and losses 3 killed Noneclass=notpageimage| Ambush at S...

 

Orange Is the New Black season 2

Season of television series Orange Is the New BlackSeason 2Promotional posterStarring Taylor Schilling Uzo Aduba Danielle Brooks Michael Harney Natasha Lyonne Taryn Manning Kate Mulgrew Jason Biggs No. of episodes13ReleaseOriginal networkNetflixOriginal releaseJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)Season chronology← PreviousSeason 1Next →Season 3List of episodes The second season of the American comedy-drama television series Orange Is the New Black premiered on Netflix on Ju...

 

Pastel de feijão

Pastel de feijãoPastel de feijão served in a café in GuimarãesCourseDessertPlace of originPortugalRegion or stateTorres Vedras Pastel de feijão (plural: pastéis de feijão) is a Portuguese crispy dough pastry, filled with a navy bean jam. They were first introduced in the town of Torres Vedras in the early 20th century though its origin may date earlier as it was originally produced by nuns.[1] It was one of the 38 characteristic sweets of localities selected to appear in the Ex...

Watt (novel)

Novel by Samuel Beckett Watt 1953 Olympia Press editionAuthorSamuel BeckettCountryFranceLanguageEnglishPublisherOlympia PressPublication date1953 Watt was Samuel Beckett's second published novel in English. It was largely written on the run in the South of France during the Second World War and was first published by Maurice Girodias's Olympia Press in 1953. Gestation In the summer of 1945, Beckett gave the manuscript of Watt to his friend Leslie Daiken, in the hope that Daiken could find a p...

 

2024–25 Maltese Premier League

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 2024–25 Maltese Premier League – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Football league seasonMaltese Premier LeagueSeason2024–25DatesSeptember 2024 – April or May 2025← 2023–24 2025–26 →...

 

David Farr (businessman)

American business executive David FarrBorn1955 (age 68–69)EducationWake Forest University (BS)Vanderbilt University (MBA)Employer(s)Chairman and former CEO of Emerson Electric Company David Nelson Farr (born 1955) is an American business executive. He was the chairman and CEO of Emerson Electric Company, a Fortune 500 company.[1][2] Farr has worked at the company since 1981 and retired as CEO on Feb 5, 2021.[3] He is married to Lelia Far, with whom he has tw...

National Key Deer Refuge

Protected area in Monroe County, Florida, USA National Key Deer RefugeIUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)Male Key deer on No Name Key in the Florida Keys.Show map of FloridaShow map of the United StatesLocationMonroe County, Florida, United StatesNearest cityBig Pine Key, FloridaCoordinates24°44′N 81°24′W / 24.733°N 81.400°W / 24.733; -81.400Area8,542 acres (34.57 km2)Established1957Governing bodyU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceWebsi...

 

Tameng

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Tameng – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Tameng sebagai salah alat yang digunakan dalam penobatan Sultan Banjar di Kalimantan Selatan disimpan di Museum Nasional Jakarta. Bandingkan Sur...