Bradshaw Lecture
The Bradshaw Lectures are lectureships given at the invitation of the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Surgeons of England .[ 1] It is held on alternate years in rotation with the Hunterian Oration .
List of past lecturers at Royal College of Physicians
2018 Sir Leszek Borysiewicz How do we improve outcomes in cancer? [ 2]
2016 Paul Cockwell Chronic Kidney Disease [ 3]
2014 Catherine Nelson Piercy Connective tissue disease in pregnancy [ 4]
2013 Gregory Y H Lip, Modern management of atrial fibrillation: a focus on stroke prevention
2012 Peter Calverley, COPD – current therapeutics and their evidence base
2011 Geraint H. Lewis, Predicting and preventing unplanned hospital admissions [ 5]
2010 Mark W. Elliot, Non-invasive ventilation – established and expanding roles
2009 Loic Guillevin, Clinical trials and vasculitis
2008 Anne Phillips Initiation and perpetuation of renal injury in diabetes mellitus
2007 Alastair Compston , Great Expectations: the Clinical Science of Multiple Sclerosis [ 6]
2006 Anthony P. Weetman, Thyroid disease : Mechanisms and Management[ 6]
2005 Sir Leszek Borysiewicz , The Global Public Health Challenge [ 6]
2004 Peter Stanley Harper , Genetics and the practice of clinical medicine [ 6]
2003 George Davey Smith , The Epidemiology of Illness in Deprived Populations [ 6]
2002 Liam Donaldson , An organization with a memory
2000 Garret Adare FitzGerald
1999 Paul Corris [ 7]
1997
1996 Timothy M Cox
1993
1992 Herman Waldmann [ 8]
1991 Alan John Camm on Cardiac Arrhythmias
1989 David Alan Warrell, Rabies one hundred years after Pasteur [ 9]
1988 Sir Magdi Yacoub
1987 John Douglas Swales , Blood pressure : from cells to populations
1986 (William) Ian McDonald , The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
1985 Sir Keith Peters
1983 Celia Mary Oakley , Infective endocarditis – new challenges to old assumptions [ 10]
1982 E. J. Holborow [Eric John Holborow] , Rheumatoid arthritis – is EB virus a red herring? [ 10]
1981 R. D. Cohen [Robert Donald Cohen] , Some acid problems [ 10]
1980 Kurt George Matthew Mayer Alberti , Insulin Treatment and Diabetes : Half a Century of Therapeutic Misadventure? [ 10]
1979 Desmond G. Julian, The significance and management of ventricular arrhythmias [ 11]
1978 Patrick L. Mollison , Some Clinical Consequences of Red Cell Incompatibility
1977 Robert Frederick Mahler , Fat: the good, the bad and the ugly [ 12] [ 13]
1976 William Walton Gooddy , Time and the nervous system: the neuron as an escapement [ 14]
1975 Frank Dudley Hart , Inflammatory disease and its control in the different rheumatic disorders [ 10]
1974 Colin Dollery , Individual differences in response to drugs [ 10]
1973 John Fisher Stokes , Diagnostic approaches in liver disease [ 10]
1972 John David Spillane , Geography of Neurology [ 10]
1971 Norman Henry Ashton , The Eye in Malignant Hypertension [ 10]
1970 Clifford Frank Hawkins , Diarrhoea: changing concepts and new diagnoses [ 10]
1969 John Freeman Loutit , Malignancy from Radium and its Analogues [ 10]
1968 Paul Bruce Beeson , Association of Specific Infections with Other Diseases [ 10]
1967 Clifford Wilson , The cause and prognosis of the nephrotic syndrome [ 10]
1966 David W. Smithers, Hodgkin's Disease [ 15]
1965 Douglas Andrew Kilgour Black , The renal rete mirabile [ 10]
1964 M. I. A. Hunter [Mark Ian Alastair Hunter], Medical education and medical practice (delivered 1965)[ 10]
1963 Malcolm D. Milne , Disorders of amino-acid transport [ 10]
1962 Graham Malcolm Wilson , Diuretics [ 16]
1961 Sheila Sherlock , Jaundice [ 17]
1960 W. I. Card [Wilfrid Ingram Card], The concept of gastric secretory cell mass [ 10]
1959 Alan Kekwick, On Adiposity [ 18]
1958 Kenneth W. Donald . Heart Disease and Exercise[ 19]
1957 Aubrey J. Lewis , Between Guesswork and Certainty in Psychiatry [ 10]
1956 William Phillips, The Disintegrative Action of the Nervous System [ 20]
1955 Denis John Williams , Structure of emotions reflected in epileptic experiences
1954 Francis Henry Knethell Green, The Clinical Evaluation of Remedies [ 21]
1953 Edward J. Wayne , The Diagnosis of Thyrotoxicosis
1952 Richard Raymond Bomford, Changing Concepts of Health and Disease, with Particular Reference to "Psychosomatic Medicine" [ 22]
1951 Denis Hubert Brinton, The selection of medical students .[ 23]
1950 Edward Revill Cullinan Clinical Interpretation of Jaundice [ 24]
1949 John Guyett Scadding , Sarcoidosis, with Special Reference to Lung Changes
1948 J. A. Charles [John Alexander Charles] , Victorian medical administrators and their significance today [ 10]
1947 Janet Vaughan , The Anaemia associated with Trauma and Sepsis
1946 Davis Evan Bedford , Hypertensive Heart Disease
1945 Walter Russell Brain , Speech and Handedness
1944 C. Bruce Perry, Aetiology of Erythema Nodosum [ 25]
1943 James William Brown , Interauricular Septal Defect [ 26]
1942 MacDonald Critchley on Survival at Sea [ 27]
1940 James Calvert Spence , On the Nature of Disease in Infancy [ 28]
1939 Henry Cohen, 1st Baron Cohen of Birkenhead [ 29]
1938 Lionel Ernest Whitby , Chemotherapy of Bacterial Infections
1937 Edward Alfred Cockayne , Genetics of Transposition of the Viscera [ 30]
1936 Edward Mapother , The Integration of Neurology and Psychiatry
1935 Daniel T. Davies , Peptic ulcer
1934 Joseph Harold Sheldon , Haemochromatosis [ 31]
1933 Charles Samuel Myers , A Psychological Regard of Medical Education [ 32]
1931 John Shields Fairbairn, The Medical and Psychological Aspects of Gynaecology
1930 Sir William Errington Hume , Paroxysmal Tachycardia [ 33]
1929 Alexander D. Blackader , The Varying Virulence of Micro-Organisms in Infectious Disease [ 34]
1928 Alexander George Gibson , Pyelitis and Pyelonephritis [ 35]
1927 John Foster Gaskell, The Pathology of Pneumonia [ 36]
1926 Francis Graham Crookshank , The Theory of Diagnosis .[ 37] [ 38]
1925 Edwin Bramwell . Muscular dystrophies [ 39]
1924 Frederic John Poynton , On the Prevention of Acute Rheumatism [ 40]
1923 John Hay , Angina Pectoris;Some Points in Prognosis [ 41]
1922 Maurice Craig , Mental Symptoms in Physical Disease [ 42]
1921 Michael Comport Grabham, Subtropical Esculents [ 43]
1920 Cecil Wall, Chorea [ 44]
1918 William Aldren Turner , Neuroses and psychoses of war
1917 Ernest Septimus Reynolds , Causes of Disease [ 45]
1916 Hector Mackenzie, On Exophthalmic Goitre [ 46] [ 47]
1915 John Michell Clarke, On Nervous Affections of the Sixth and Seventh Decades of Life [ 48]
1913 Thomas Robinson Glynn , On Hysteria in some its Aspects [ 49]
1912 David Bridge Lees, The Diagnosis and Treatment of Incipient Pulmonary Tuberculosis [ 50]
1911 Graham Steell , Intrathoracic Tumours and Aneurysms in their Clinical [ 51]
1910 George Newton Pitt, The Results of Bronchial Obstruction [ 52]
1909 James Alexander Lindsay , Darwinism and Medicine [ 53]
1908 William Pasteur , Massive Collapse of the Lung [ 54]
1907 James Barr , The Pleurae: Pleural Effusion and its Treatment [ 55]
1906 Seymour John Sharkey , Rectal Alimentation [ 56]
1905 George Redmayne Murray , Exophthalmic Goitre and its Treatment [ 57]
1904 Frederick F. Caiger, Treatment of Enteric Fever [ 58]
1903 Edmund Fauriel Trevelyan, Tuberculosis of the Nervous System [ 59]
1902 Charles James Cullingworth , Intraperitoneal Haemorrhage Incident to Ectopic Gestation [ 60]
1901 Judson S. Bury , Prognosis in Relation to Disease of the Nervous System [ 61]
1900 Sir Archibald Garrod , Urinary Pigments in their Pathological Aspects [ 62]
1899 Arthur Foxwell , Causation of Functional Heart Murmurs [ 63]
1898 William M. Ord, Myxœdema and Allied Disorders [ 64]
1897 E. Markham Skerritt, Prognosis in Heart Disease [ 65]
1896 William Gowers , Subjective sensations of sound [ 66]
1895 John Buckley Bradbury , On some new Vaso-dilators [ 67]
1894 Thomas Barlow , Infantile Scurvy and its Relation to Rickets [ 68]
1893 William Smith Greenfield , Some Diseases of the Thyroid Gland [ 69] [ 70] [ 71]
1892 Samuel Gee , On the Signs of Acute Peritoneal Diseases [ 72]
1891 William Henry Allchin , The Nature and Causes of Duodenal Indigestion [ 73] [ 74]
1890 Robert Saundby, Morbid Anatomy of Diabetes Mellitus [ 75]
1889 Norman Moore , The Distribution and Duration of Visceral New Growths [ 75]
1888 William Carter, Uremia [ 75]
1887 Samuel Hatch West, Pneumothorax [ 75]
1886 Julius Dreschfeld , Diabetic Coma [ 76]
1885 James Frederic Goodhart , Morbid Arterial Tension - A Review [ 75]
1884 George Hare Philipson , Pathological Relations of the Absorbent System [ 75]
1883 John Wickham Legg , Cardiac Aneurysms [ 75]
1882 Edward Long Fox , The Influence of the Sympathetic System on Disease [ 77]
1881 George Vivian Poore , Nervous Affections of the Hand [ 75] (Inaugural Lecture)
List of past lecturers at Royal College of Surgeons of England
The lecture is biennial (annual until 1993) on a topic in the field of surgery, customarily given by a senior member of the Council on or about the day preceding the second Thursday of December. (Given in alternate years, with the Hunterian Oration given in the intervening years).
2016 Nigel Hunt [ 78]
2014 Antony Narula [ 79]
2012 Irving Taylor on Surgical professionalism [ 80]
2010 Richard Collins[ 81]
2008 Anne Moore[ 81]
2006 Valerie Lund[ 81]
2004 David Dandy[ 81]
2002 Leela Kapila[ 81]
2000 Averil Mansfield [ 81]
1998 Sir Barry Jackson [ 81]
1996 H Brendan Devlin[ 81]
1994 Adrian Marston [ 81]
1992 Sir Rodney Sweetnam , Bone Tumour Surgery- yet another Sub-specialty? [ 81]
1991 John Alexander-Williams[ 81]
1990 Robert Owen[ 81]
1989 Terence Kennedy, Billroth to Black-A Century of Peptic Ulcer Surgery [ 81]
1988 William John Wells Sharrard[ 81]
1987 Phyllis George, Obstructive Jaundice – Whose problem? [ 81]
1986 Harold Ellis , The treatment of breast cancer: a study in evolution [ 81] [ 82]
1985 Michael Tempest Reilly[ 81]
1984 Alan Graham Apley [ 81]
1983 Sir David Innes Williams , Paediatric urology in the evolution of surgery [ 81]
1982 Peter Gilroy Bevan
1981 Sir Reginald Sydney Murley , Venous Thromboembolism – Challenge and Fulfilment?
1980 Harry Hubert Grayson Eastcott, The Total Care of the Arteriosclerotic Patient [ 83]
1979 Desmond Gareth Julian, The significance and management of ventricular arrhythmias
1978 John Cedric Goligher , Recent Trends in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Rectum [ 84]
1977 Sir Rodney Smith , Tumours of the Liver [ 85]
1976 Selwyn Taylor, Thyroid medullary carcinoma: a new endocrine syndrome
1975 Ronald W. Raven, Oncology : attainment and anticipation [ 86]
1974 Richard S. Handley, Carcinoma of the Breast [ 87]
1973 Richard H Franklin, Oesophogeal Cancer
1972 Norman Capener, Vertebral Exploration
1971 Henry Osmond-Clarke , Hip Joint Surgery in the 20th century
1970 Robert V. Cooke, The Challenge and Fascination of Biliary Tract Surgery [ 88]
1969 Sir Thomas Holmes Sellors , Atrial Septal Defects [ 89]
1968 Harold Edwards , Crohn's Disease [ 90]
1967 R. Milnes Walker, Cancer in South-West England [ 91]
1966 Charles Wells, The Small Intestine [ 92]
1965 Sir Hedley Atkins , Cancer of the Breast
1964 C. Naunton Morgan, Carcinoma of the Rectum [ 93]
1963 Sir Clement Price Thomas , Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Retrospect and Prospect [ 94]
1962 Eric Riches , Carcinoma of the Kidney
1961 Digby Chamberlain, The Spleen and its Removal [ 95]
1960 Stanford Cade , Malignant Melanoma [ 96]
1959 A. Dickson Wright, Surgery of the Biliary Tract [ 97]
1958 Archibald McIndoe , Reconstruction of the Burned Face [ 98]
1957 Sir Russell Brock , The Present Position of Cardiac Surgery
1956 A. Lawrence Abel (replacing R.P.Scott Mason, deceased), Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease of the Large Intestine
1955 Sir Cecil Wakeley , Hunter and Surgical Research
1954 Lambert C. Rogers, Tumours Involving the Spinal Cord and its Nerve Roots [ 99]
1953 Sir Reginald Watson-Jones , Fracture treatment in the next half century
1952 (delivered June 1953) Sir James Paterson Ross , Some Unsolved Problems in the Surgery of the Sympathetic Nervous System [ 100]
1951 Sir Ernest Frederick Finch, The Approach to Specialism [ 101]
1950 Harry Platt , Diagnosis and Prognosis in Sarcomas of Bone [ 102]
1949 V. Zachary Cope , Visceral Actinomycosis [ 103]
1948 Lionel E.C. Norbury, Proctology throughout the Ages [ 104]
1947 Sir Cecil Wakeley , Vogue and Fashion in Abdominal Surgery
1946 Sir Heneage Ogilvie, Surgical Handicraft [ 105]
1945 C. Max Page , Survey of Fracture Treatment [ 106]
1944 Sir William Girling Ball [ 107]
1943 Henry S.Souttar , Physics and the Surgeon
1942 Leonard Ralph Braithwaite, The Role of Bile in Duodenal Regurgitation [ 108]
1941 Sir Gordon Gordon-Taylor , Abdominal Injuries of Modern warfare [ 109]
1940 Sir Alfred Webb-Johnson , Pride and Prejudice in the Treatment of Cancer [ 110]
1939 James Walton, Surgery of the Common Bileduct [ 111]
1938 Sir Robert Ernest Kelly , Recurrent peptic ulceration, causes of, and design for second operation on stomach [ 112]
1937 Sir Charles Gordon-Watson, The Origin and Spread of Cancer of the Rectum in Relation to Surgical Treatment
1936 Hugh Lett , The Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Tuberculosis
1935 George Grey Turner [ 113] on carcinoma of the oesophagus[ 114]
1934 William Francis Victor Bonney , The Functional Derangement of the Intestine that follows Abdominal Operations [ 115]
1933 Arthur H. Burgess, Electrosurgery [ 116]
1932 George Edward Gask, The Surgery of the Sympathetic Nervous System [ 117]
1931 Sampson Handley , Chronic Mastitis [ 118]
1930 J. Herbert Fisher, Ocular Muscles, Movements and Judgements [ 119]
1929 Robert Pugh Rowlands, On the Surgery of the Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts [ 120]
1928 Charles Herbert Fagge , Axial Rotation [ 121] [ 122]
1927 Cuthbert Sidney Wallace , A review of prostatic enlargement [ 123]
1926 Ernest W. Hey Groves, Some Contributions to the Reconstructive Surgery of the Hip [ 124]
1925 James Sherren , Gastrojejunostomy [ 125]
1924 Raymond Johnson, Simple and malignant tumours of the breast [ 126]
1923 Walter George Spencer , Melanosis (Melanin; Melanoma; Melanotic Cancer) [ 127]
1922 William Thorburn , On the Surgery of the Spinal Cord [ 128] 146
1921 Sir Holburt Jacob Waring , Operative Treatment of Malignant Disease [ 129]
1920 Berkeley Moynihan , The Spleen and some of its Diseases [ 130] [ 131]
1919 Sir Charles Alfred Ballance , The Surgery of the Heart [ 132] [ 133] [ 134] [ 135]
1918 D'Arcy Power , Cancer of the Tongue [ 136]
1917 Sir John Bland-Sutton , Misplaced and Missing Organs .[ 137] [ 138]
1916 Charters James Symonds, Laminectomy in Gunshot Injuries of the Spinal Cord [ 139]
1915 Sir Anthony Bowlby , Wounds in War [ 140]
1914 Sir Frederic Eve, Acute Haemorrhagic Pancreatitis [ 141]
1913 Sir George Henry Makins , Gunshot Injuries of the Arteries [ 142] [ 143]
1912 Charles Mansell Moullin, The Biology of Tumours [ 144]
1911 Richard Clement Lucas, Some Points in Heredity [ 145] [ 146]
1910 Alfred Pearce Gould , Cancer [ 147]
1909 Francis Richardson Cross, The Brain Structures concerned in Vision [ 148]
1908 Sir William Watson Cheyne , The Treatment of Wounds [ 149]
1907 Sir Rickman J Godlee , Prognosis in Relation to Treatment of Tuberculosis of the Genito-urinary Organs [ 150]
1906 Edmund Owen , Cancer, its Treatment by Modern Methods [ 151]
1905 Henry Trentham Butlin , Carcinoma is a Parasitic Disease [ 152]
1904 Arthur William Mayo Robson , Cancer and Its Treatment
1903 Sir Henry Morris , On Cancer and its Origin [ 153]
1902 Howard Marsh, Septic Arthritis [ 154]
1901 Thomas R. Jessop, Nephrectomy, Nephrolithotomy, and Lithotomy [ 155]
1900 John Langton, The association of inguinal hernia with the descent of the testis [ 156]
1899 Henry Greenway Howse , A Review of Surgery during the past 100 Years [ 157]
1898 Thomas Pickering Pick , The Union of Wounds [ 158]
1897 Alfred Willett, The Correction of Certain Deformities by Operative Measures upon Bones [ 159]
1896 Reginald Harrison , Vesical Stone and Prostatic Disorders [ 160]
1895 Nottidge Charles MacNamara , Osteitis [ 161]
1894 Sir Oliver Pemberton, James Syme, Regius Professor of Surgery in the University of Edinburgh 1833-1869: A Study of His influence and Authority on the, Art and Science of Surgery during that Period [ 162]
1893 Sir William MacCormac , Sir Astley Cooper and his Surgical Work [ 72]
1892 Christopher Heath , The Surgery of the Nose and Accessory Cavities [ 163]
1891 John Whittaker Hulke , On Fractures and Dislocations of the Vertebral Column [ 164]
1890 Sir Thomas Spencer Wells , Modern Abdominal Surgery [ 165]
1889 Thomas Bryant, Colostomy: Lumbar and Iliac [ 166]
1888 Sir Jonathan Hutchinson , Museums in their Relation to Medical Education and the Progress of Knowledge [ 167]
1886 Henry Power , Bacteriology and its Relations to Surgery [ 168]
1885 John Wood , Antiseptics in Surgery [ 169]
1884 William Scovell Savory , The Pathology of Cancer [ 170]
1883 John Marshall , Nerve Stretching for the Relief or Cure of Pain [ 171]
1882 Sir James Paget - Some New and Rare Diseases (Inaugural lecture)
See also
References
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^ "Bradshaw Lecture ON THE VIRULENCE OF THE MICRO-ORGANISM IN INFECTIVE DISEASE". The Lancet . 214 (5541): 963–968. 1929. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)09687-8 .
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^ "Bradshaw Lecture ON THE THEORY OF DIAGNOSIS" (PDF) . The Lancet . 208 (5384): 939–942. 6 November 1926. doi :10.1016/s0140-6736(01)28332-9 . Retrieved 4 September 2012 .
^ "Bradshaw Lecture ON THE THEORY OF DIAGNOSIS". The Lancet . 208 (5384): 939–942. 1926. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)28332-9 .
^ "Bradshaw Lecture ON THE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES, SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM, AND ENDOCRINE GLANDS". The Lancet . 206 (5335): 1103–1109. 1925. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)16672-9 .
^ Poynton, F. J. (1924). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON THE PREVENTION OF ACUTE RHEUMATISM: Delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, November 4th, 1924" . BMJ . 2 (3335): 986–90. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.3335.986 . PMC 2305454 . PMID 20771815 .
^ Hay, J. (1923). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON ANGINA PECTORIS: SOME POINTS IN PROGNOSIS: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London" . BMJ . 2 (3282): 957–62. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.3282.957 . PMC 2317445 . PMID 20771362 .
^ Craig, M. (1922). "MENTAL SYMPTOMS IN PHYSICAL DISEASE: Being an Abridgement of the Bradshaw Lecture delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London" . BMJ . 2 (3227): 841–4. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.3227.841 . PMC 2417019 . PMID 20770904 .
^ "SUBTROPICAL ESCULENTS: The Bradshaw Lecture" . BMJ . 2 (3176): 801–3. 1921. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.3176.801-a . PMC 2338951 . PMID 20770472 .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON CHOREA". The Lancet . 196 (5074): 1081–1086. 1920. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)19959-9 .
^ "Bradshaw Lecture ON THE CAUSES OF DISEASE". The Lancet . 190 (4915): 703–709. 1917. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)53933-6 .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE". The Lancet . 188 (4863): 815–821. 1916. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)81206-4 .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE". The Lancet . 188 (4863): 815–821. 1916. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)81206-4 .
^ Clarke, J. M. (1915). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON NERVOUS AFFECTIONS OF THE SIXTH AND SEVENTH DECADES OF LIFE" . BMJ . 2 (2862): 665–70. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2862.665 . PMC 2303319 . PMID 20767882 .
^ Glynn, T. R. (1913). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON HYSTERIA IN SOME OF ITS ASPECTS: Delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, November 4th, 1913" . BMJ . 2 (2758): 1193–1198. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2758.1193 . PMC 2346419 . PMID 20766856 .
^ Lees, D. B.; Skinner, JL (1912). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF INCIPIENT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: Delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on November 5th, 1912" . BMJ . 2 (5107): 1268–72. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2706.1268 . PMC 2334718 . PMID 13584919 .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON INTRATHORACIC TUMOURS AND ANEURYSMS IN THEIR CLINICAL ASPECT". The Lancet . 178 (4606): 1605–1614. 1911. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)01883-9 .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON THE RESULTS OF BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION". The Lancet . 176 (4554): 1674–1684. 1910. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)62466-2 .
^ Lindsay, J. A. (1909). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON DARWINISM AND MEDICINE" . British Medical Journal . 2 (4497): 1325–1331. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2549.1325 . PMC 2321381 . PMID 20764727 .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON MASSIVE COLLAPSE OF THE LUNG". The Lancet . 172 (4445): 1351–1356. 1908. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)62819-8 . hdl :2027/ien.35558005398744 .
^ Barr, J. (1907). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON THE PLEURAE: PLEURAL EFFUSION AND ITS TREATMENT: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, November 5th, 1907" . BMJ . 2 (2445): 1289–1295. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2445.1289 . PMC 2356276 . PMID 20763520 .
^ "Sir Seymour John Sharkey, M.d., F.r.c.p" . BMJ . 2 (3584): 520–1. September 1929. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.3584.520-b . PMC 2452157 . PMID 20774926 .
^ Murray, G. R. (1905). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE AND ITS TREATMENT: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London" . BMJ . 2 (2341): 1245–51. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2341.1245 . PMC 2322612 . PMID 20762368 .
^ Caiger, F. F. (1904). "The Bradshaw Lecture on the Treatment of Enteric Fever: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on November 15th, 1904" . BMJ . 2 (2291): 1449–1453. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2291.1449 . PMC 2355856 . PMID 20761783 .
^ Trevelyan, E. F. (1903). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London" . BMJ . 2 (2236): 1200–4. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2236.1200 . PMC 2514782 . PMID 20761154 .
^ Cullingworth, C. J. (1902). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Intraperitoneal Haemorrhage Incident to Ectopic Gestation, Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians, November 4th, 1902" . BMJ . 2 (2184): 1481–7. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2184.1481 . PMC 2402279 . PMID 20760512 .
^ Bury, J. S. (1901). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Prognosis in Relation to Disease of the Nervous System: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, November, 5th, 1901" . BMJ . 2 (2132): 1389–1396. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2132.1389 . PMC 2507083 . PMID 20759873 .
^ Dahl, S (1936). "Sir Archibald Garrod, D.M., F.R.S" . BMJ . 1 (4554): 731–3. doi :10.1136/bmj.1.3926.731 . PMC 2458479 . PMID 18856817 .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON THE CAUSATION OF FUNCTIONAL HEART MURMURS". The Lancet . 154 (3975): 1209–1220. 1899. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)65523-X .
^ Ord, W. M. (1898). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Myxoedema and Allied Disorders: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians" . BMJ . 2 (1976): 1473–9. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1976.1473 . PMC 2434639 . PMID 20758142 .
^ Skerritt, E. M. (1897). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Prognosis in Heart Disease: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, on November 4th, 1897" . BMJ . 2 (1923): 1327–1332. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1923.1327-a . PMC 2407890 . PMID 20757400 .
^ Gowers, W. R. (1896). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Subjective Sensations of Sound: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on November 5th, 1896" . BMJ . 2 (1872): 1429–1436. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1872.1429 . PMC 2510971 . PMID 20756582 .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON SOME NEW VASO-DILATORS". The Lancet . 146 (3768): 1205–1213. 1895. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)31627-0 .
^ British Medical Journal : 1029–1034. 1894.
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture at the Royal College of Physicians". The Lancet . 142 (3667): 1452. 1893. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)96264-6 .
^ Greenfield, W.S. (1893). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON SOME DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND". The Lancet . 142 (3668): 1493–1497. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)97552-X .
^ Greenfield, W.S. (1893). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON SOME DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND". The Lancet . 142 (3669): 1553–1555. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)83338-9 .
^ a b Dictionary of National Biography . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. [verification needed ]
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^ a b c d e f g h "List of the Fellows and Members" . Retrieved 9 September 2012 .
^ Dreschfeld, J. (1886). "The Bradshawe Lecture on Diabetic Coma" . British Medical Journal . 2 (1338): 358–363. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1338.358 . PMC 2256374 . PMID 20751675 .
^ Fox, E. L. (1882). "The Bradshaw Lecture" . BMJ . 2 (1131): 399–405. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1131.399 . PMC 2264596 . PMID 20750298 .
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^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Terms of Reference Fellowship and Prize Committee 2010" . Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 21 March 2011 .
^ Ellis, H. (September 1987). "The treatment of breast cancer: a study in evolution" . Ann R Coll Surg Engl . 69 (5): 212–5. PMC 2498576 . PMID 3314632 .
^ Eastcott, H. H. (January 1982). "The total care of the arteriosclerotic patient" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 64 (1): 13–9. PMC 2494024 . PMID 6976770 .
^ Goligher, J. C. (May 1979). "Bradshaw lecture, 1978. Recent trends in the practice of sphincter-saving excision for rectal cancer" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 61 (3): 169–76. PMC 2492785 . PMID 485045 .
^ Smith, R. (March 1979). "Bradshaw Lecture, 1977. Tumours of the liver" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 61 (2): 87–99. PMC 2492806 . PMID 434754 .
^ Raven, R. W. (1977). "Bradshaw Lecture, 1975. Oncology: Attainment and anticipation" . Ann R Coll Surg Engl . 59 (3): 210–221. PMC 2491755 . PMID 324337 .
^ Handley, R. S. (August 1975). "Carcinoma of the breast" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 57 (2): 59–66. PMC 2388579 . PMID 1163949 .
^ "Obituary" . British Medical Journal . 1 (6109): 372–375. 1978. doi :10.1136/bmj.1.6109.372 . PMC 1602913 .
^ Sellors, T. H. (1970). "ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECTS Bradshaw Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 46 (1): 1–19. PMC 2387702 . PMID 5413937 .
^ Edwards, H. (March 1969). "Crohn's disease. An inquiry into its nature and consequences" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 44 (3): 121–39. PMC 2387596 . PMID 5774734 .
^ Walker, R. M. (1968). "Cancer in south-west England" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 42 (3): 145–162. PMC 2312222 . PMID 5649505 .
^ Wells, C. (March 1967). "The Small Intestine" . Ann R Coll Surg Engl . 40 (3): 137–54. PMC 2311959 . PMID 5335802 .
^ Morgan, C. Naunton (February 1965). "Carcinoma of the Rectum: Bradshaw Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 9th December 1964" . Ann R Coll Surg Engl . 36 (2): 73–97. PMC 2311806 . PMID 14259236 .
^ Thomas, Clement (August 1964). "Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Retrospect and Prospect: Bradshaw Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 24th October 1963" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 35 (2): 67–83. PMC 2311754 . PMID 14180407 .
^ Chamberlain, Digby (January 1962). "The Spleen and its Removal: Bradshaw Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 9th November 1961" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 30 (1): 1–22. PMC 2414098 . PMID 13877958 .
^ Cade, Stanford (June 1961). "Malignant Melanoma: Bradshaw Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 7th December 1960" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 28 (6): 331–66. PMC 2414059 . PMID 13689716 .
^ Wright, A. Dickson (December 1960). "Surgery of the Biliary Tract: Bradshaw Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 12th November 1959" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 27 (6): 373–87. PMC 2413995 . PMID 13786764 .
^ "Sir Archibald McIndoe (1900–1960)" . surgical-tutor.org.uk. Retrieved 23 August 2010 .
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^ ROSS JP (December 1953). "Some Unsolved Problems in the Surgery of the Sympathetic Nervous System" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 13 (6). Royal College of Surgeons: 356–368. PMC 2377690 . PMID 13114841 . Retrieved 25 August 2011 .
^ Finch, Ernest (January 1952). "The Approach to Specialism: Bradshaw Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 12th December 1951" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 10 (1): 7–20. PMC 2377466 . PMID 14895114 .
^ Platt, Harry (February 1951). "Diagnosis and Prognosis in Sarcomas of Bone: Bradshaw Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 9th November 1950" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 8 (2): 87–114. PMC 2238488 . PMID 14811319 .
^ Cope, V. Z. (1949). "Visceral Actinomycosis" . BMJ . 2 (4640): 1311–6. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.4640.1311 . PMC 2052075 . PMID 15407913 .
^ Norbury, L. E. C. (February 1949). "Bradshaw Lecture: Bradshaw Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 11th November 1948" . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . 4 (2): 65–89. PMC 2238259 . PMID 18113274 .
^ Ogilvie, Heneage (1947). "Surgical Handicraft". The Lancet . 249 (6452): 543–550. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(47)91670-X .
^ Page, C. M. (1945). "Survey of Fracture Treatment" . BMJ . 2 (4432): 835–839. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.4432.835 . PMC 2060535 . PMID 20786445 .
^ "Sir William Girling Ball" . Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 12 June 2013 .
^ Braithwaite, L. R. (1943). "The role of bile in duodenal regurgitation". British Journal of Surgery . 31 (121): 3–13. doi :10.1002/bjs.18003112103 . S2CID 73222437 .
^ "Gordon-Taylor, Sir Gordon (1878–1960)" . Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online. Retrieved 24 August 2010 .
^ Webb-Johnson, A. (1941). "Pride and Prejudice in the Treatment of Cancer" . BMJ . 1 (4175): 39–44. doi :10.1136/bmj.1.4175.39 . PMC 2160036 . PMID 20783472 .
^ Walton, James (1939). "Surgery of the Common Bileduct". Lancet . 234 (6068): 1253–1257. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)74020-7 .
^ "Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online-Kelly, Sir Robert Ernest (1879–1944)" . Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 18 September 2014 .
^ "OBITUARY" . BMJ . 2 (4730): 550–3. 1951. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.4730.550 . PMC 2070386 . PMID 14869644 .
^ "Turner, Professor George Grey" . Retrieved 7 January 2012 .
^ Bonney, Victor (1934). "The Functional Derangement of the Intestine That Follows Abdominal Operations". The Lancet . 224 (5807): 1323–1329. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)85331-3 .
^ Burgess, Arthur H (1933). Electrosurgery. The Bradshaw Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on December 14th .
^ Gask, G. E. (1933). "The surgery of the sympathetic nervous system" . British Journal of Surgery . 21 (81): 113–30. doi :10.1002/bjs.1800218112 . PMC 538382 .
^ Handley, W.Sampson (1931). "Chronic Mastitis". Lancet . 218 (5648): 1169–1174. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)99374-7 .
^ "Libraries of Medical Men and their ultimate disposition" . British Journal of Ophthalmology . 16 (3): 169–70. 1932. doi :10.1136/bjo.16.3.169 . PMC 511400 . PMID 18169018 .
^ "Bradshaw Lecture ON THE SURGERY OF THE GALL-BLADDER AND BILE-DUCTS". The Lancet . 214 (5543): 1075–1081. 23 November 1929. doi :10.1016/s0140-6736(01)09892-0 .
^ "Fagge, Charles Herbert (1873–1939)" . Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 1 September 2010 .
^ "Bradshaw Lecture ON AXIAL ROTATION, PURPOSEFUL AND PATHOLOGICAL". The Lancet . 212 (5493): 1167–1173. 1928. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)84935-1 .
^ "OBITUARY" . BMJ . 1 (4353): 797–798. 1944. doi :10.1136/bmj.1.4353.797-d . PMC 2284324 .
^ Groves, Ernest W. Hey (1927). "Some contributions to the reconstructive surgery of the hip". British Journal of Surgery . 14 (55): 486–517. doi :10.1002/bjs.1800145506 . S2CID 73371967 .
^ Sherren, James (1925). "Bradshaw Lecture ON GASTRO-JEJUNOSTOMY". The Lancet . 206 (5333): 1007–1017. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)68894-9 .
^ "Johnson, Raymond (1863–1944)" . Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 23 November 2014 .
^ Spencer, W. G. (1923). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON MELANOSIS (MELANIN: MELANOMA: MELANOTIC CANCER): Delivered before The Royal College of Surgeons on November 8th" . BMJ . 2 (3281): 907–13. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.3281.907 . PMC 2317726 . PMID 20771353 .
^ "Bradshaw Lecture ON THE SURGERY OF THE SPINAL CORD". The Lancet . 200 (5182): 1313–1316. 1922. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)76469-5 .
^ "Waring, Sir Holburt Jacob (1866–1953)" . Retrieved 31 August 2010 .
^ Moynihan, Berkeley (1921). The spleen and some of its diseases, being the Bradshaw lecture of the Royal College of Surgeons of England .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture [ABRIDGED] ON THE SURGERY OF THE SPLEEN". The Lancet . 197 (5082): 157–163. 1921. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)55376-8 .
^ Ballance, Charles (1920). The Bradshaw lecture on the surgery of the heart, delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons, December 11th .
^ "Bradshaw Lecture ON THE SURGERY OF THE HEART" . The Lancet . 195 (5027): 1–5. 1920. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)29398-2 . PMC 5166233 .
^ "Bradshaw Lecture ON THE SURGERY OF THE HEART" . The Lancet . 195 (5028): 73–79. 1920. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)29463-X . PMC 5166233 .
^ "Bradshaw Lecture ON THE SURGERY OF THE HEART" . The Lancet . 195 (5029): 134–139. 1920. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)10731-2 . PMC 5166233 .
^ Power, D'Arcy (1918). "On cancer of the tongue: The Bradshaw lecture, 1918" . British Journal of Surgery . 6 (23): 336–50. doi :10.1002/bjs.1800062303 . S2CID 72208194 .
^ "Bland-Sutton, Sir John: Papers" . Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 24 August 2010 .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON LAMINECTOMY IN GUNSHOT INJURIES OF THE SPINAL CORD". The Lancet . 189 (4873): 93–98. 1917. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)46770-5 .
^ Symonds, Charters (1917). The Bradshaw lecture on laminectomy in gunshot injuries of the spinal cord : delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons of England on December 15, 1916 .
^ Bowlby, A. (1915). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Wounds in War" . BMJ . 2 (2869): 913–921. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2869.913 . PMC 2303542 . PMID 20767941 .
^ Eve, F. (1915). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON ACUTE HAEMORRHAGIC PANCREATITIS; WITH REMARKS ON THE ETIOLOGY OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS: Delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons of England" . BMJ . 1 (2818): 7–2.4. doi :10.1136/bmj.1.2818.7 . PMC 2301572 . PMID 20767432 .
^ "Makins, Sir George Henry (1853 - 1933)" . Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online. Retrieved 24 August 2010 .
^ Makins, G. H. (1913). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON GUNSHOT INJURIES OF THE ARTERIES: Delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons of England" . BMJ . 2 (2764): 1569–77. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2764.1569 . PMC 2346146 . PMID 20766917 .
^ Moullin, C. M. (1912). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON THE BIOLOGY OF TUMOURS: Delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons of England" . BMJ . 2 (2710): 1594–9. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2710.1594 . PMC 2334912 . PMID 20766419 .
^ Lucas, R. Clement (1912). The Bradshaw lecture on some points in heredity delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons of England on December 6th, 1911, by R. Clement Lucas .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON SOME POINTS IN HEREDITY". The Lancet . 178 (4608): 1755–1759. 1911. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)01825-6 .
^ Gould, A. P. (1910). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON CANCER: Delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on Wednesday, December 7th, 1910" . BMJ . 2 (2606): 1836–44. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2606.1836 . PMC 2336694 . PMID 20765351 .
^ "Mr. F. RICHARDSON CROSS, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D" . British Journal of Ophthalmology . 15 (9): 536–40. 1931. doi :10.1136/bjo.15.9.536 . PMC 511345 .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON THE TREATMENT OF WOUNDS". The Lancet . 172 (4451): 1797–1804. 1908. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(00)99071-8 .
^ "SIR WILLIAM ALLCHIN, M.D., F.R.C.P.Lond., F.R.S.E" . BMJ . 1 (2668): 402–5. 1912. doi :10.1136/bmj.1.2668.402 . PMC 2344570 .
^ Owen, E. (1906). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON CANCER: ITS TREATMENT BY MODERN METHODS: Delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons of England on December 12th, 1906" . BMJ . 2 (2398): 1681–7. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2398.1681 . PMC 2382780 . PMID 20762981 .
^ Butlin, H. T. (1905), "Carcinoma is a Parasitic Disease: Being the Bradshaw Lecture delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons of England", BMJ , 2 (2346): 1565–1571, doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2346.1565 , PMC 2322741 , PMID 20762424
^ Morris, H. (1903). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON CANCER AND ITS ORIGIN: Delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons on December 9th" . BMJ . 2 (2241): 1505–11. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2241.1505 . PMC 2514959 . PMID 20761233 .
^ Marsh, H. (1902). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Infective Arthritis: Delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons on December 10th" . BMJ . 2 (2189): 1831–6. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2189.1831 . PMC 2402294 . PMID 20760575 .
^ Jessop, T. R. (1901). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Nephrectomy, Nephrolithotomy, and Lithotomy: Delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on December 11th, 1901" . BMJ . 2 (2137): 1721–8. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.2137.1721 . PMC 2507572 . PMID 20759923 .
^ Langton, John (1901). The association of inguinal hernia with the descent of the testis : delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons, December 12, 1900 . John Bale, sons& Danielsson.
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON A REVIEW OF SURGERY DURING THE PAST 100 YEARS". The Lancet . 154 (3982): 1717–1724. 1899. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)01644-0 .
^ Pick, T. P. (1898). "The Bradshaw Lecture on the Union of Wounds: Delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons on December 7th, 1898" . BMJ . 2 (1980): 1733–8. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1980.1733 . PMC 2434825 . PMID 20758189 .
^ "Alfred Willett (1837–1913)" . Nature . 139 (3506): 61. 1937. Bibcode :1937Natur.139R..61. . doi :10.1038/139061b0 .
^ Harrison, R. (1896). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Vesical Stone and Prostatic Disorders: Delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons of England on December 9th, 1896" . BMJ . 2 (1876): 1697–700. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1876.1697 . PMC 2511173 . PMID 20756634 .
^ Caddy, A. (1931). "The Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital and ITS Staff in the Past" . British Journal of Ophthalmology . 15 (9): 498–511. doi :10.1136/bjo.15.9.498 . PMC 511338 . PMID 18168977 .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture" . BMJ . 2 (1772): 1398–9. December 1894. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1772.1398-a . PMC 2405716 . PMID 20755219 .
^ Heath, C. (1892). "The Surgery of the Nose and Accessory Cavities: An Abstract of the Bradshaw Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on December 1st, 1892" . BMJ . 2 (1666): 1222–3. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1666.1222 . PMC 2421556 . PMID 20753941 .
^ "HULKE, John Whittaker" . Worldcat. Retrieved 5 September 2012 .
^ Wells, T. S. (1890). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Modern Abdominal Surgery" . BMJ . 2 (1565): 1465–8. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1565.1465 . PMC 2208636 . PMID 20753206 .
^ "The Bradshaw Lecture ON COLOTOMY, LUMBAR AND ILIAC, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CHOICE OF OPERATION". The Lancet . 134 (3459): 1211–1216. 1889. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(01)78376-6 .
^ Hutchinson, J. (1888). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Museums in their Relation to Medical Education and the Progress of Knowledge" . BMJ . 2 (1458): 1257–65. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1458.1257 . PMC 2198752 . PMID 20752511 .
^ Power, H. (1886). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Bacteriology in its Relations to Surgery" . BMJ . 2 (4740): 1142–6. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1354.1142 . PMC 2257846 . PMID 14869844 .
^ Wood, J. (1885). "The Bradshaw Lecture on Antiseptics in Surgery" . BMJ . 2 (1303): 1095–1097. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1302.1095 . PMC 2308955 . PMID 20751404 .
^ Savory, W. S. (1884). "The Bradshaw Lecture on the Pathology of Cancer" . BMJ . 2 (1250): 1173–1178. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1250.1173 . PMC 2308243 . PMID 20751090 .
^ Marshall, J. (1883). "Bradshaw Lecture on Nerve-Stretching for the Relief or Cure of Pain" . BMJ . 2 (1198): 1173–9. doi :10.1136/bmj.2.1198.1173 . PMC 2373192 . PMID 20750766 .