Brachytherium Temporal range: Late Miocene-Late Pliocene (Chasicoan-Chapadmalalan) ~10.0–3.0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Litopterna
Family:	†Proterotheriidae
Genus:	†Brachytherium Ameghino, 1883
Type species
†Brachytherium cuspidatum Ameghino, 1883
Synonyms
Proterotherium gradatum Ameghino, 1891 Brachytherium gradatum (Ameghino, 1891) Ameghino, 1904 Lophogonodon gradatum (Ameghino, 1891) Soria, 2001 Lophogonodon paranensis Ameghino, 1904 Epitherium paranensis (Ameghino, 1904) Delupi de Bianchini & Bianchini, 1971 Licaphrium mesopotamiense Delupi de Bianchini & Bianchini, 1971

Brachytherium is an extinct genus of proterotheriid mammal from the Late Miocene to Late Pliocene of Argentina. It is represented by the type and only species B. cuspidatum, a taxon named in 1883 by Ameghino for a partial mandible with teeth. Though it was considered a dubious taxon at times, Brachytherium was revised as valid by Schmidt in 2015, who also synonymized the species Proterotherium gradatum and Lophogonodon paranensis, expanding the material known, all of which is from the Ituzaingó Formation. Some material previously referred to Brachytherium has been given the new name Neobrachytherium.^[1]