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Copeland
Copeland
Borough and non-metropolitan district
	Coat of arms
	Copeland shown within Cumbria
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Constituent country	England
Region	North West England
Ceremonial county	Cumbria
Historic county	Cumberland
Founded	1 April 1974
Abolished	31 March 2023
Administrative HQ	Whitehaven (The Copeland Centre)
Government
• Type	Non-metropolitan district
• Body	Copeland Borough Council
Area
• Total	282.53 sq mi (731.76 km2)
Population (2021)
• Total	67,176
• Density	240/sq mi (92/km2)
Ethnicity (2021 Census)
• White	98.0% Asian= 0.8% Black=0.3% Multiracial=0.7% Other groups=0.3% Arab=0.1% Any other group 0.2%
Time zone	UTC+0 (Greenwich Mean Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (British Summer Time)
Postcode areas	CA (14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28); LA (18, 19, 20)
Dialling codes	01229 (Barrow-in-Furness/Millom); 01946 (Whitehaven)
Vehicle registration prefix	P
GSS code	E07000029
NUTS 3 code	UKD11
ONS code	16UE
Trunk primary routes	A595
Police area	Cumbria
Fire service	Cumbria
Ambulance service	North West
Website	copeland.gov.uk

54°25′52″N 3°23′20″W / 54.431°N 3.389°W / 54.431; -3.389

The Borough of Copeland was a local government district with borough status in western Cumbria, England. Its council was based in Whitehaven. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the Borough of Whitehaven, Ennerdale Rural District and Millom Rural District. The population of the Non-Metropolitan district was 69,318 according to the 2001 census,^[1] increasing to 70,603 at the 2011 Census.^[2]

The name was derived from an alternative name for the Cumberland ward of Allerdale above Derwent, which covered roughly the same area.

There are different explanations for the name. According to a document issued at the time of the borough's grant of arms, the name is derived from kaupland, meaning "bought land," referring to an area of the Forest bought from the estate of St Bees Priory.^[3]

In July 2021 the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government announced that in April 2023, Cumbria would be reorganised into two unitary authorities.^[4] On 1 April 2023, Copeland Borough Council was abolished and its functions were transferred to the new unitary authority Cumberland, which also covers the former districts of Allerdale and Carlisle.^[5]

Demographics

In 2014 the borough of Copeland was found to have the fattest population in England with a percentage of 75.9% being either overweight or obese (BMI greater than 25) according to official PHE statistics.^[6]^[7]

In 2018 Copeland had the third highest median income of UK local authorities, after the City of London and Tower Hamlets.^[8] However this median hides the wide differences in income between those who work at the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing site and elsewhere in the borough, leading to Copeland being described as 'a community of two-halves'.^[9]

Governance

Elections to the borough council were held every four years, with 51 councillors being elected at each election. From the first election in 1973 the council had been under Labour control, apart from between 1976 and 1979 when it was under no overall control. At the time of the final election in 2019 the council was composed of the following councillors:

Party		Councillors
	Labour Party	19
	Conservative Party	10
	Independent	4

Directly elected mayor

On 22 May 2014 a referendum was carried out in the borough to change the style of governance in Copeland to a directly elected mayor, after campaigners from the Time For Change team successfully obtained enough signatures from 5% of the electorate in a petition. The referendum result was: For: 12,671; Against: 5,489.^[10]

The first election for mayor was held on 7 May 2015 and Mike Starkie (elected as an Independent candidate, but later joining the Conservative Party) was elected by 15,232 votes to the Labour Party candidate Steve Gibbon's 14,259 votes.^[11]

Freedom of the Borough

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of Copeland.

Gary McKee: 21 October 2017.^[12]^[13]

Map

Whitehaven

Millom

Egremont

Cleator Moor

St Bees

Places in Copeland

Notes

^ UK Census (2001). "Local Area Report – Copeland Local Authority (E07000029)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
^ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Copeland Local Authority (E07000029)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
^ Arms of Copeland Borough Council, document issued at time of grant of arms
^ "Next steps for new unitary councils in Cumbria, North Yorkshire and Somerset". GOV.UK. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
^ "Local Government Reorganisation. Delivering Two New Councils for Cumbria". Retrieved 1 January 2022.
^ "Revealed: the fattest towns and cities in England". The Daily Telegraph. 4 February 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
^ "England's fattest areas: Copeland 'most overweight borough'". BBC. 4 February 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
^ "Employee earnings in the UK - Office for National Statistics". ons.gov.uk.
^ "Copeland byelection: 'We are a community of two-halves'". The Guardian. 26 December 2016.
^ Copeland votes for elected Mayor in referendum ITV Border, 23 May 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2014
^ "Election results for Copeland (Mayoral), 7 May 2015". copeland.moderngov.co.uk. 7 May 2015.
^ "Gary McKee awarded Freedom of Copeland | Copeland Borough Council". www.copeland.gov.uk.
^ "Cleator Moor 'Marathon man' given Freedom of Copeland". BBC News. 21 October 2017.

References

Hodgson, Geoffrey M. (2008) Hodgson Saga, second edition (Standon, Hertfordshire: Martlet Books).
Wainwright, F. T. (1975) Scandinavian England: Collected Papers (Chichester: Phillimore).
Winchester, Angus J. L. (1985) 'The Multiple Estate: A Framework for the Evolution of Settlement in Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian Cumbria', in Baldwin, John R. and Whyte, Ian D. (eds) (1985) The Scandinavians in Cumbria (Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies), pp. 89–101.