46°27′19″N 6°23′24″E / 46.45535°N 6.390115°E / 46.45535; 6.390115
Bolex International S. A. is a Swiss manufacturer of motion picture cameras based in Yverdon located in Canton of Vaud, the most notable products of which are in the 16 mm and Super 16 mm formats. Originally Bol, the company was founded in 1925 by Charles Haccius and Jacques Bogopolsky (aka Bolsey or Boolsky), the company's name having been derived from Bogopolsky's name.[1] In 1923 he presented the Cinégraphe Bol at the Geneva fair, a reversible apparatus for taking, printing, and projecting pictures on 35 mm film. He later designed a camera for Alpa of Ballaigues in the late 1930s.
Paillard-Bolex cameras were much used by adventurers, artists, as well as nature films, documentaries, and are still favoured by many animators. Over the years, notable Bolex users and owners include: Steven Spielberg, Ridley Scott, Andy Warhol, Peter Jackson, Jonas Mekas, Jean-Luc Godard, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, James Dean, David Lynch, Marilyn Monroe, Edmund Hillary, and Mahatma Gandhi[2]
While some later models are electrically powered, the majority of those manufactured since the 1930s use a spring-wound clockwork power system. The 16 mm spring-wound Bolex is a popular introductory camera in film schools.
In 1927, Ukrainian-born Jacques Bogopolsky, who specialised in building cameras in Geneva, imagined a camera for the 16 mm format (Bolex Auto-Cine A,B,C), and created the Bolex S.A. with the help of Charles Haccius, a businessman from Geneva. Charles Haccius invested 250,000 Swiss francs in the company. The society did not produce any cameras. However, the Auto Ciné A and B were produced by Longines in Saint-Imier and the projector by Stoppani in Bern. As of 1929, the Longines company no longer wished to produce the cameras.
Bolex was bought by Paillard & Cie [de] for 350,000 Swiss francs and Jacques Bogopolsky was hired as consulting engineer for five years. Soon Paillard realized that the cameras and projectors were not in fact the exceptional products promised by their partners, and after two years Jacque Bogopolsky was no longer welcome in Sainte-Croix.
The traditional version of the story tended to present the situation rather simply: Bolex is the name of a brand produced by the Paillard company, a brand represented mainly by a camera that was invented by Jacques Boolsky (another of Jacques Bogopolsky's names). In fact, the alleged inventor of the Bolex did not invent anything about the camera, which as early as 1935 would become known under this name. With the patents sold by Boolsky proving unusable and the machines defective, Paillard had to start from scratch to invent a Bolex which had only kept the name of Boolsky's "invention". The Bolex as we know it is the invention of the engineers at Paillard.[3]
In 1932, Marc Renaud, a young engineer, inspired by the products of Paillard and assisted by Professor Ernest Juillard,[who?] began development of the Paillard H 16 camera.
In 1935, the H 16 camera was put on the market, the 9.5 mm version followed in 1936 and the Double-8mm version in 1938. The H 16 was highly successful. Paillard-Bolex introduced the L 8 for the market of pocket 8 mm film cameras. With the postwar boom in home movie making, Paillard-Bolex continued to develop its 8 mm and 16 mm ranges with the H16 increasingly adopted by professional film makers. The company also made a successful range of high-end movie projectors for all amateur film making gauges.
In 1952, during the golden era of 3D film, Bolex offered the Bolex Stereo: a 3D stereo kit for their H16 camera and model G projectors. Several technical changes were made to the H cameras in 1954, above all an entirely different claw drive together with a laterally inverted film gate and a 170 degrees opening angle shutter. In 1956, the first H16 reflex viewfinder model was brought out. In reaction to the upcoming use of heavier varifocal or zoom lenses and the bigger synchronous electric motors attached to the body Paillard gave it a big rectangular base, with three tapped bushings replacing the original single-tap “button” base in 1963 and soon afterward a protruding 1-to-1 shaft for the ESM motor. A saddle for a 400-ft. film magazine finally allowed the H 16 to be used like professional synch-sound cameras.
Following rapid expansion, Bolex employed circa 6000 people in the 1960s.[4] In 1965, Kodak introduced the Super 8 mm format.[5] Paillard Bolex was slow to introduce a Super 8 camera although they quickly modified the 18-5 Auto 8 mm projector for Super 8 as the 18-5 L. At about this time(1966), the Bolex 16 Pro Camera was introduced to compete with the Arriflex 16 BL camera, as a technically advanced professional camera more suited for television use than the H16. Nevertheless, the H 16 Standard camera was made until the last days of 1969. The H 16 and H 8 standard models afford the rackover critical focusing feature that had been first introduced with the Bell & Howell Standard camera in 1912. In 1971, Bolex released an even more affordable option: the Bolex 280 Macrozoom Super 8. The new model featured wide-range manual zoom and the ability to focus at close distances. It shot at 2 filming speeds, 18 and 24 fps, and was able to expose single frames. Unlike the classic mechanical Bolex Cameras, the 280 Macrozoom needed 5 1.5 volt batteries to operate.[6]
Effective January 1, 1970 Paillard sold the Bolex division to Eumig of Vienna.[7] In 1971, Eumig rationalized the Super 8 range, and Super 8 equipment production in Switzerland was discontinued. The Bolex product brand was retained while being manufactured in Eumig or Chinon factories. The H16 cameras were still made in Switzerland.
In 1981, Eumig went into liquidation and Bolex was bought by René Ueter who set up Bolex International in 1982.[7] Bolex International no longer serially manufactures its cameras, but does repair 16 mm and Super 16 cameras for customers on special order to this day.[4]
Many directors began their careers shooting on Paillard-Bolex Cameras, including Ridley Scott, David Lynch, Jonas Mekas, Peter Jackson,[8][9] Terry Gilliam, Will Vinton, Maya Deren, Steven Spielberg and Spike Lee. It results as a development of a cult of using Paillard-Bolex for decades for beginner's camera in film schools worldwide.[10]
Jules Schulback, a furrier and maker of home movies, filmed, with his 16-millimeter Bolex camera, Marilyn Monroe's white skirt billowing from a "gust" up through a subway grate, in a publicity stunt for The Seven Year Itch, around the corner from his apartment, in New York.[11][12]
The Bolex cameras remain a strong status as an icon into cinema and intemporal beautiful objects as itself. Its production helps to give Swiss Made its reputation of quality,[13] additionally of watchmaking.
It has been used in various advertising as a symbol. In 2015, it appeared in an Omega ad with George Clooney.[14] Another time in 2015 various Bolex models, including P2/8 mm and Super Zoom/8 mm, appeared in a famous campaign for Chanel eyewear with Kristen Stewart[15][16]
"The Bolex H 16 camera played a central role in the work of many avant-garde filmmakers from the 1940s through to the 1970s because of its precision and lightweight, robustness and range of facilities, and the high quality of its optics, especially the zoom lenses, and its simple operation, which made possible an infinite combination of creative cinematographic choices."[17]
"The Bolex H 16 is probably the camera which most influenced a generation of experimental and documentary/ethnographic filmmakers."[17]
The camera's capacity is 100 ft. A 400-ft magazine (on the Rex 5 – or converted Rex 3 or 4) can be attached to the top of the camera. From the beginning, it offered automatic film threading, a clutch for disengaging the drive spring in order to crank the film by hand forward and backwards unlimited, and a cut-off turret disc that is not wider than the camera body in center position. Stepless speed control was available between 8 and 64 frames per second. Early cameras have a 190 degrees opening angle shutter. A few years after their introduction the H cameras could be equipped with an accurate single-frame counter. That accessory was incorporated into all H camera models since 1946.
As with a still reflex camera, the Bolex RX has a viewfinder, which allows the filmmaker to view what they are filming. This specific viewfinder is made up of a double prism that deflects 20 percent of the light going through the lens into the viewfinder.
The Paillard-Bolex H 16 usually has a turret for three C-mount lenses. Often, the camera was provided with a 16mm Switar or Yvar, a 25mm Switar or Yvar and the third lens was often a 75mm Yvar or 50mm Switar. Only lenses with the designation "RX" in 50 mm or less can be used on the RX models. RX corrected lenses were also manufactured by Schneider, Berthiot, Angénieux, and Rodenstock. The single lens port H 16 M(arine) was made in conjunction with the first underwater housing. A second, later marine housing was made for the electric drive models.
Some people had their H 16 camera converted to Super 16. This format is highly suited to telecine conversion, as Super 16 is close to the 16:9 electronic image format. Some conversions were more successful than others. Bolex (latterly) did offer a factory Super 16mm camera. This has the appropriate markings in the viewfinder and the film gate is machined and polished to professional standards.
Bolex did have a foray into purely professional cameras with the Bolex Pro 16. Again, they decided against a registration pin for mechanical simplicity, to keep the camera as quiet as possible for sync-sound filming. This camera was only offered with 400 ft magazine capacity.
Swiss made with the year of introduction except for the Italian Silma made SM8
Models produced by Longines
There are two documentaries about the history of the Bolex camera. Beyond The Bolex, a biographical film about Bolex founder Jacques Bogopolsky (later anglicized to Bolsey), is directed by his great-grand daughter Alyssa Bolsey, and features an in-depth look at the original notes, schematics, prototypes of Bolex A and B cameras[56] A second project that is currently in production, is being undertaken by Swiss director Alexandre Favre.[57] Bolex was used exclusively to film Teeny Little Super Guy for Sesame Street in 1982.[58]
In 2012, Cinemeridian, Inc. licensed the named Bolex from Bolex International to create a digital Super 16mm cinema camera called the Digital Bolex D16.[59][60] Digital Bolex announced their collaboration with Bolex via the Kickstarter crowdfunding platform on March 12, 2012 at the SXSW Film Festival where they had a trade show booth.[61]
The Bolex we used had a motor drive so the exposures were about 1/6 of a second. That gave us the ability to shoot at a lower f stop and therefore had scenes with better depth of field and focus...Tom Sloan
XI - BOLEX ET LA « MÉCANIQUE SUISSE» Présidente de séance : Viva Paci (Université du Québec à Montréal) Communication de Vincent Sorrel, « Filmer avec doigté. Corps, appareils, expressivité » technes.org
Lobi Hotel Bristol Contoh bersejarah: Tempat makan Kolese Balliol, Oxford Rancangan dalam ruangan adalah seni atau proses merancang dalam ruangan, yang biasanya meliputi luar ruangan dari sebuah ruangan atau bangunan. Seorang perancang dalam ruangan terkadang mengkoordinasi dan mengurusi proyek-proyek sejenis. Rancangan Dalam Ruangan : Desain interior melibatkan seni dan ilmu untuk menciptakan ruang yang fungsional, estetis, dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan penghuninya. Dalam konteks ini, rancan…
Film genre depicting wars This article is about the genre of film. For films named War, see War (disambiguation). Japanese film poster for Kajiro Yamamoto's The War at Sea from Hawaii to Malaya (Hawai Mare oki kaisen), featuring acclaimed special effects by Eiji Tsuburaya Part of a series onWar History Prehistoric Ancient Post-classical Early modern napoleonic Late modern industrial fourth-gen Military Organization Command and control Defense ministry Army Navy Air force Marines Coast guard Spac…
I Wanna Be With YouAlbum studio karya Mandy MooreDirilis9 Mei 2000Direkam1999-2000GenrePop, Teen PopDurasi47:08LabelEpic RecordsKronologi Mandy Moore So Real(1999)So Real1999 I Wanna Be with You(2000) Mandy Moore(2001)Mandy Moore2001 I Wanna Be With You adalah album kedua dari penyanyi, Mandy Moore. Album ini dirilis pada bulan Mei 2000 melalui label rekaman, Epic Records, ketika ia berusia 16 tahun. Daftar lagu No.JudulPenciptaProducer(s)Durasi1.I Wanna Be with YouTiffany Arbuckle, Shelly P…
This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (June 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) TU10 (ТУ10 )TU10-005 of the Children's Railway SakhalinType and originBuilderKambarka …
← 1999 • • 2009 → Elecciones generales de 200457 de 63 escaños de la Asamblea Nacional21 escaños necesarios para la mayoría Fecha Miércoles 30 de octubre de 2004 Tipo Parlamentaria Período 2004-2009 Duración de campaña 5 a 28 de octubre de 2004 Demografía electoral Población 1,859,085 Hab. registrados 552,849 Votantes 421,272 Participación 76.20 % 0.9 % Votos válidos 336,983 Votos nulos 17,483 Resultados BDP Vot…
Liperi Municipio Escudo Coordenadas 62°32′00″N 29°23′00″E / 62.533333333333, 29.383333333333Entidad Municipio • País Finlandia • Región Karelia del NorteSuperficie • Total 1 161.23 km²Población (2015) • Total 12 331 hab. • Densidad 16,96 hab/km²Huso horario UTC+02:00 y UTC+03:00Código postal 83100[1] Sitio web oficial [editar datos en Wikidata] Liperi (Libelits en sueco) es una …
Thiệu Giao Xã Xã Thiệu Giao Hành chínhQuốc gia Việt NamVùngBắc Trung BộTỉnhThanh HóaHuyệnThiệu HóaĐịa lýDiện tích5,80 km² [1]Dân số (1999)Tổng cộng8.615 người[2]Dân tộcKinhKhácMã hành chính15853[3]xts Thiệu Giao là một xã thuộc huyện Thiệu Hóa, tỉnh Thanh Hóa, Việt Nam. Địa giới hành chính Xã Thiệu Giao nằm ở phía nam của huyện Thiệu Hóa. Phía đông giáp xã Thiệu Vân và phư
كاثرين أونيل معلومات شخصية الميلاد 28 يونيو 1970 (53 سنة) هاميلتون الجنسية نيوزيلندا الحياة العملية المهنة لاعبة كريكت الرياضة الكريكت تعديل مصدري - تعديل كاثرين أونيل (28 يونيو 1970 بهاميلتون في نيوزيلندا - ) (بالإنجليزية: Catherine O'Neill) هي لاعبة كريكت نيوزلندية.[…
العلاقات الفانواتية الكرواتية فانواتو كرواتيا فانواتو كرواتيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات الفانواتية الكرواتية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين فانواتو وكرواتيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه ال…
Season of television series Acapulco ShoreSeason 10Country of originMexicoNo. of episodes12ReleaseOriginal networkMTVOriginal release27 September (2022-09-27) –13 December 2022 (2022-12-13)Series chronology← PreviousSeries 9 Next →Series 11 List of episodes The tenth season of Acapulco Shore, a Mexican television programme based in Acapulco was announced on August, 2022 and premiered on September 27, 2022.[1] Filming started in June 2022 in the coastal city…
艦歴 発注 起工 1902年5月7日 進水 1904年4月28日 就役 1907年8月1日 退役 その後 1918年に戦没 除籍 性能諸元 排水量 13,680 トン 全長 504 ft (154 m) 全幅 69 ft 6 in (21.2 m) 吃水 26 ft 1 in (8 m) 機関 23,000 shp、2軸推進 最大速 22ノット (41 km/h) 乗員 士官、兵員830名 兵装 8インチ砲4門、6インチ砲14門、3インチ砲18門、3ポンド砲12門、1ポンド砲2門、18インチ魚雷発射管2門 カリフォルニア (USS Calif…
Das Königreich Hochburgund im 10. Jahrhundert Rudolf III. (* um 970; † 6. September 1032) war in den Jahren 993–1032 König von Burgund. Seit der Mitte des 10. Jahrhunderts entzogen sich in Burgund zunehmend die Grafen dem König. Sie ordneten sich anderen Grafen unter oder machten diese zu ihren Gefolgsleuten. Die Burgunderkönige versuchten den fehlenden Rückhalt durch eine engere Bindung an die ottonischen Herrscher zu kompensieren. Durch mehrere Eheschließungen wurden die Bindungen ge…
CikarangIbu kota kabupatenGedung-gedung pemerintahan Kabupaten Bekasi di Cikarang.Negara IndonesiaProvinsiJawa BaratKabupatenBekasiKecamatanCikarang BaratCikarang PusatCikarang SelatanCikarang TimurCikarang UtaraPeresmian ibu kota6 Juni 2004[1]Dasar hukumPP No. 82 Tahun 1998Zona waktuUTC+7 (WIB)Kode area telepon+62 21 Cikarang (Sunda: ᮎᮤᮊᮛᮀ) adalah ibu kota dari Kabupaten Bekasi, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Kawasan Cikarang meliputi wilayah kecamatan Cikarang Pusat…
Kabupaten SekadauKabupaten LambangPetaKabupaten SekadauPetaTampilkan peta KalimantanKabupaten SekadauKabupaten Sekadau (Indonesia)Tampilkan peta IndonesiaKoordinat: 0°02′05″N 110°57′02″E / 0.03485°N 110.95066°E / 0.03485; 110.95066Negara IndonesiaProvinsiKalimantan BaratIbu kotaSekadau HilirJumlah satuan pemerintahan Daftar Kecamatan: 7Kelurahan: 76 Pemerintahan • BupatiAron, S.H • Wakil BupatiSubandrio, S.H., M.HLuas • …
This article is about the 1972 film. For the topic, see Ripoff. For other uses, see Rip off (disambiguation). 1972 American filmRipped OffDVD cover for 'Ripped Off'Directed byFranco ProsperiWritten byLucio BattistradaAdriano BolzoniArmando CrispinoDon Carlos DunawayProduced byOttavio OppoStarringRobert BlakeErnest BorgnineCinematographyGábor PogányEdited byAlberto GallittiFima NoveckMusic byCarlos PesDistributed byTroma EntertainmentRelease date 1972 (1972) Running time83 minutesCountries…
For related races, see 2016 United States gubernatorial elections. 2016 Washington gubernatorial election ← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 → Nominee Jay Inslee Bill Bryant Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 1,760,520 1,476,346 Percentage 54.2% 45.5% County results Precinct resultsInslee: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% &…
American actress and singer (born 1986) Lindsay LohanLohan in 2019BornLindsay Dee Lohan (1986-07-02) July 2, 1986 (age 37)New York City, U.S.OccupationsActresssingersongwriterYears active1989–presentSpouse Bader Shammas (m. 2022)Children1ParentsMichael LohanDina LohanRelativesAliana Lohan (sister)Musical careerGenresPoppop rock[1][2][3]LabelsCasablancaUniversal MotownRepublicWebsitelindsaylohanofficial.com Musical artist Lindsay …
Railway station in Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Chajo Station – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2018) Chajo Station茶所駅Chajo Station in March 2015General informationLocationKanohachiman-cho, Gifu-shi, Gifu-ken 500-8431JapanCoo…
La Corée du Sud est une république qui compte neuf provinces et six villes à administration autonome (Séoul, Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Gwangju, et Daejeon). Les anciens présidents élus Article détaillé : Liste des présidents de la Corée du Sud. Rhee Syng-man (Yi Sung-man) (1948 – 1960) Yun Po-sun (août 1960 – mai 1961) Park Chung-hee (1963 – 26 octobre 1979) Choi Kyu-hah (27 octobre 1979 – août 1980) Chun Doo-hwan (août 1980 – février 1988) Roh Tae-woo (février 1988 …
Family of birds Pachycephalidae Rufous whistler (Pachycephala rufiventris) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Superfamily: Orioloidea Family: PachycephalidaeSwainson, 1832 The Pachycephalidae are a family of bird species that includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and three of the pitohuis, and is part of the ancient Australo-Papuan radiation of songbirds. The family includes 64 species that are separated into five gen…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.129.69.13