José Raúl Capablanca was not invited due to his disputes with world champion Alexander Alekhine. Noted master and writer Al Horowitz noted that Alekhine used his position as world champion to keep Capablanca out of the event.[2]Akiba Rubinstein was invited, but was replaced by Stoltz because Rubinstein accepted the invitation too late.[3]
Fourteen leading chess masters accepted their invitations. Round one started in the large salon on August 23, 1931. Alekhine won the tournament decisively, not losing a single game and finishing 5½ points ahead of Efim Bogoljubow.[4] His gambit style was humiliating for the other players.[5]