Bismuth(III) nitrate is a salt composed of bismuth in its cationic +3 oxidation state and nitrate anions. The most common solid form is the pentahydrate.[3] It is used in the synthesis of other bismuth compounds.[4] It is available commercially. It is the only nitrate salt formed by a group 15 element, indicative of bismuth's metallic nature.[5]
Bismuth nitrate can be prepared by the reaction of bismuth metal and concentrated nitric acid.[6]
It dissolves in nitric acid but is readily hydrolysed to form a range of oxynitrates when the pH increases above 0.[7]
It is also soluble in acetone, acetic acid and glycerol but practically insoluble in ethanol and ethyl acetate.[8]
Some uses in organic synthesis have been reported for example the nitration of aromatic compounds and selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.[8]
Bismuth nitrate forms insoluble complexes with pyrogallol and cupferron and these have been the basis of gravimetric methods of determining bismuth content.[9]
On heating bismuth nitrate can decompose forming nitrogen dioxide, NO2.[10]
The crystal form is triclinic, and contains 10 coordinate Bi3+, (three bidentate nitrate ions and four water molecules).[1]
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