Bill Earnshaw

For other people named William Earnshaw, see William Earnshaw (disambiguation).

Bill Earnshaw
FRS FRSE FMedSci
Born
William Charles Earnshaw
EducationLenox School for Boys
Alma materColby College (BS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (PhD)
AwardsEMBO Member (1999)[1]
Scientific career
Institutions
ThesisThe Structure of Bacteriophage p22 and its Assembly Intermediates (1977)
Website

William Charles Earnshaw is an American biologist who is Professor of Chromosome Dynamics at the University of Edinburgh,[2][3][4][5][6][7] where he has been a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow since 1996.[8][9]

Education

Earnshaw was educated at Lenox School for Boys, Colby College and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where he was awarded a PhD in 1977 for research on Enterobacteria phage P22 supervised by Jonathan King.[10][11][12][13][14]

Career and research

Earnshaw completed postdoctoral research at the University of Cambridge with Aaron Klug and Ron Laskey[15][16] and at the University of Geneva with Ulrich Laemmli.[17][18] Following this, he moved to the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, working in Tom Pollard's[19] department of cell biology for 13 years.[8] His former doctoral students include Jan Bergmann,[20] Anca Petruti-Mot,[21] Susana Ribeiro,[22] Laura Wood,[23] Zhenjie Xu,[24] and Nikolaj Zuleger.[25]

Awards and honours

Earnshaw was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2013.[26] His certificate of election reads:

Bill Earnshaw is distinguished for studies of mitotic chromosome structure and segregation. His pioneering use of scleroderma patient sera identified the first centromeric proteins and recent studies employing human synthetic artificial chromosomes are mapping the epigenetic landscape required for kinetochore assembly. He discovered the "chromosomal passenger complex" of INCENP, Aurora B kinase, Survivin and Borealin – a major regulator of mitosis and cytokinesis. His proteomic analysis of mitotic chromosomes continues to provide new insights into kinetochore composition and function. Earnshaw also developed the first system reproducing apoptotic execution in vitro, and used it to identify the first apoptotic caspase substrate.[27]

Earnshaw is also an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE), the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) and a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).[1]

References

  1. ^ a b "The EMBO Pocket Directory" (PDF). European Molecular Biology Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2015.
  2. ^ Bill Earnshaw publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  3. ^ Bill Earnshaw publications from Europe PubMed Central
  4. ^ "Prof Bill Earnshaw, FRSE, FMedSci: Professor of Chromosome Dynamics, School of Biological Sciences". University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015.
  5. ^ Lazebnik, Y. A.; Kaufmann, S. H.; Desnoyers, S; Poirier, G. G.; Earnshaw, W. C. (1994). "Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE". Nature. 371 (6495): 346–7. Bibcode:1994Natur.371..346L. doi:10.1038/371346a0. PMID 8090205. S2CID 4315478.
  6. ^ Earnshaw, W. C.; Martins, L. M.; Kaufmann, S. H. (1999). "Mammalian caspases: Structure, activation, substrates, and functions during apoptosis". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 68: 383–424. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.383. PMID 10872455.
  7. ^ Kaufmann, S. H.; Earnshaw, W. C. (2000). "Induction of apoptosis by cancer chemotherapy". Experimental Cell Research. 256 (1): 42–9. doi:10.1006/excr.2000.4838. PMID 10739650.
  8. ^ a b "Prof Bill Earnshaw, FRSE, FMedSci". University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 16 May 2012.
  9. ^ Bill Earnshaw – Biological Sciences on Vimeo, University of Edinburgh
  10. ^ Earnshaw, William Charles (1977). The Structure of Bacteriophage p22 and its Assembly Intermediates (PhD thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  11. ^ Earnshaw, W; King, J (1978). "Structure of phage P22 coat protein aggregates formed in the absence of the scaffolding protein". Journal of Molecular Biology. 126 (4): 721–47. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(78)90017-7. PMID 370407.
  12. ^ Earnshaw, W. C.; Hendrix, R. W.; King, J (1979). "Structural studies of bacteriophage lambda heads and proheads by small angle X-ray diffraction". Journal of Molecular Biology. 134 (3): 575–94. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(79)90368-1. PMID 161330.
  13. ^ Earnshaw, W. C.; King, J; Harrison, S. C.; Eiserling, F. A. (1978). "The structural organization of DNA packaged within the heads of T4 wild-type, isometric and giant bacteriophages". Cell. 14 (3): 559–68. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(78)90242-8. PMID 688382. S2CID 9738540.
  14. ^ Earnshaw, W. C.; King, J; Eiserling, F. A. (1978). "The size of the bacteriophage T4 head in solution with comments about the dimension of virus particles as visualized by electron microscopy". Journal of Molecular Biology. 122 (2): 247–53. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(78)90040-2. PMID 682194.
  15. ^ Earnshaw, W. C.; Honda, B. M.; Laskey, R. A.; Thomas, J. O. (1980). "Assembly of nucleosomes: The reaction involving X. Laevis nucleoplasmin". Cell. 21 (2): 373–83. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(80)90474-2. PMID 7407918. S2CID 25210558.
  16. ^ Laskey, R. A.; Earnshaw, W. C. (1980). "Nucleosome assembly". Nature. 286 (5775): 763–7. Bibcode:1980Natur.286..763L. doi:10.1038/286763a0. PMID 6250082. S2CID 4373003.
  17. ^ Earnshaw, W. C.; Laemmli, U. K. (1984). "Silver staining the chromosome scaffold". Chromosoma. 89 (3): 186–92. doi:10.1007/bf00294997. PMID 6201324. S2CID 19757611.
  18. ^ Earnshaw, W. C.; Laemmli, U. K. (1983). "Architecture of metaphase chromosomes and chromosome scaffolds". The Journal of Cell Biology. 96 (1): 84–93. doi:10.1083/jcb.96.1.84. PMC 2112267. PMID 6826654.
  19. ^ Earnshaw, W. C.; Sullivan, K. F.; Machlin, P. S.; Cooke, C. A.; Kaiser, D. A.; Pollard, T. D.; Rothfield, N. F.; Cleveland, D. W. (1987). "Molecular cloning of cDNA for CENP-B, the major human centromere autoantigen". The Journal of Cell Biology. 104 (4): 817–29. doi:10.1083/jcb.104.4.817. PMC 2114438. PMID 2435739.
  20. ^ Bergmann, Jan H. (2010). Hacking the centromere chromatin code : dissecting the epigenetic regulation of centromere identity (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/4670. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.563000. Free access icon
  21. ^ Petruti-Mot, Anca (2000). Genetic and functional analysis of topoisomerase II in vertebrates (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/8985. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.615334. Free access icon
  22. ^ Ribeiro, Susana Abreu (2010). Structural and functional mapping of the vertebrate centromere (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
  23. ^ Wood, Laura Charlotte (2014). Understanding kinetochore dependency pathways using vertebrate conditional knockout cell lines and quantitative proteomics. ed.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/8964. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.615458. Free access icon
  24. ^ Xu, Zhenjie (2009). Cellular and molecular analysis of chromosomal passenger complex in vertebrate cells (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
  25. ^ Zuleger, Nikolaj (2012). Inner nuclear membrane proteins : targeting and influence on genome organization (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
  26. ^ "Professor William Earnshaw FMedSci FRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015.
  27. ^ "Professor William Earnshaw FMedSci FRS". London: The Royal Society. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015.