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Biled
Biled
Commune
	Roman Catholic church in Biled
	Coat of arms
	Location in Timiș County
	Biled Location in Romania
	Coordinates: 45°53′N 20°58′E / 45.883°N 20.967°E
Country	Romania
County	Timiș
Government
• Mayor (2024–2028)	Ovidiu Oprișa (PNL)
Area	55.11 km2 (21.28 sq mi)
Population (2021-12-01)	3,031
• Density	55/km2 (140/sq mi)
Time zone	EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Postal code	307060
Vehicle reg.	TM
Website	primaria-biled.ro

Biled (Hungarian: Billéd; German: Billed) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Biled. It also included two other villages until 2004, when they were split off to form the commune of Șandra.

Administration

The current local council has the following political composition, based on the results of the votes cast at the 2024 Romanian local elections.

	Party	Seats	Current Council
	National Liberal Party (PNL)	5
	Social Democratic Party (PSD)	4
	Social Liberal Humanist Party (PUSL)	1
	United Right Alliance (ADU)	1
	Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR)	1
	Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR)	1

Geography

Biled is located in the Banat Plain, in the western part of Timiș County, 27 km (17 mi) northwest of Timișoara on DN6.

Climate

Like most of Timiș County, the climate is continental. The climate gets Mediterranean influences from the south. It has a temperate character (the annual mean temperature being 10.5 °C or 50.9 °F), with hot summers, not-too-cold winters, quite early springs and sometimes very long autumns.^[4] The average annual rainfall is 520 mm (20 in), with variations from 350 to 730 mm (14 to 29 in).^[4] Most precipitation falls during spring–summer in May–August, with torrential rains accompanied by hail. The dominant wind is the austru, a dry wind from the south, which blows almost all year round.^[4]

Flora and fauna

The dominant vegetation is grassy. Trees are mainly represented by black locusts, mulberries and poplars, and shrubs by blackthorn and hawthorn. The most common weeds, many of them harmful to agricultural crops, are thistles, blackberries, cornflowers, poppies, oraches, and lately sorghum has spread.^[4]

Regarding the fauna, this area is suitable for hares, sousliks, hamsters, steppe polecats, and among the bird species can be mentioned the quail, the partridge, the skylark, the pheasant and the starling.^[4]

History

Biled was first documented in 1462 (Bylyed) as belonging to nobleman Nicolae of Beregsău,^[5] but it is probably older. A treasure consisting of about 2,000 coins of bronze, silver and gold issued from Trajan to Constantine the Great was discovered in 1847. The treasure is preserved in the Numismatic Cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Also here were found the vestiges of several Daco-Roman settlements dating from the 3rd–4th centuries.

In 1562 Biled became royal property, being donated by King Ferdinand I to chatelaine László Kerecsényi.^[6] Biled received the status of urban settlement in 1609, allowing it to host monthly and annual fairs.^[6] It became deserted during the Ottoman occupation.^[6] Towards the end of the 17th century, a Serbian population under the guidance of Patriarch Arsenie Csernovici settled in Biled. The German colonization took place in a first stage in 1765 and in a second stage between 1768 and 1775. By 1786 Biled had the status of urban settlement.^[4] The church was built in the same year.^[4]

Demographics

Ethnic composition (2011)^[7]

Romanians (83.12%)

Roma (4.1%)

Hungarians (3.7%)

Germans (2.58%)

Unknown (6.16%)

Others (0.34%)

Religious composition (2011)^[8]

Orthodox (77.66%)

Roman Catholics (10.26%)

Pentecostals (3.43%)

Unknown (6.41%)

Others (2.24%)

Biled had a population of 3,294 inhabitants at the 2011 census, down 6% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are Romanians (83.12%), larger minorities being represented by Roma (4.1%), Hungarians (3.7%) and Germans (2.58%). For 6.16% of the population, ethnicity is unknown.^[7] By religion, most inhabitants are Orthodox (77.66%), but there are also minorities of Roman Catholics (10.26%) and Pentecostals (3.43%). For 6.41% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.^[8]

Census^[9]		Ethnic composition
Year	Population	Romanians	Hungarians	Germans	Roma
1880	4,767	63	65	4,627	–
1890	4,978	44	80	4,816	–
1900	4,566	49	159	4,323	–
1910	3,951	105	159	3,608	72
1920	3,861	73	81	3,646	–
1930	3,791	97	103	3,431	127
1941	3,983	586	220	3,008	–
1956	4,254	–	–	–	–
1966	4,684	2,117	186	2,243	103
1977	4,512	2,302	151	1,918	118
1992	3,458	2,831	218	251	139
2002	3,515	3,025	164	124	181
2011	3,294	2,738	122	85	135