Bibio (fly)
Genus of flies
Bibio femoratus - March FlyBibio March flies or St. Mark's flies , is a genus of flies (Diptera).
Biology
Bibio larvae live in grassy areas and are herbivores and scavengers feeding on dead vegetation or living plant roots. Some species are found in compost .[ 1]
In some areas, Bibio flies are regular flower visitors and they are suggested to be pollinators of several plant species,[ 2] [ 3] Heracleum sphondylium Hieracium pilosella [ 4]
Bibio flies also show strong sexual dichotomy, with males and females having significant differences in body morphology.
Species
B. abbreviatus Loew , 1864[ 5] B. acaptus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. acerbus Yang & Luo, 1989 [ 7] B. acutifidis Yang & Luo, 1989 [ 7] B. albagulus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. albipennis Say , 1823B. alexanderi James, 1936 B. alienus McAtee, 1923 [ 8] B. anasiformis Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. anglicus Verrall , 1869B. anposis Hardy , 1968[ 9] B. articulatus Say , 1823B. atrigigas Fitzgerald, 1997 [ 10] B. atripilosa James, 1936 B. baltimoricus Macquart , 1855B. basalis Loew , 1864[ 5] B. biconcavus Yang & Luo, 1989 [ 7] B. borisi Fitzgerald, 1997 [ 10] B. brunnipes (Fabricius , 1794) B. bryanti Johnson, 1929 B. carnificus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. carolinus Hardy , 1945B. carri Curran , 1927B. castanipes Jaennicke, 1867 B. chelostylus Fitzgerald, 1997 [ 10] B. chiapensis Fitzgerald, 1997 [ 10] B. claviantenna Yang & Luo, 1989 [ 7] B. clavipes Meigen , 1818B. cognatus Hardy , 1937B. columbiaensis Hardy , 1938B. constringutus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. contererus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. crassinodus Yang & Luo, 1989 [ 7] B. cruciformis Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. cuneatus Yang & Luo, 1989 [ 7] B. curtipes James, 1936 B. deflectus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. dipetalus Yang & Luo, 1989 [ 7] B. discerptus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. dolichotarsus Yang, 1997 [ 11] B. dormitus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. echinulatus Yang & Luo, 1989 [ 7] B. elmoi Papp, 1982 B. emphysetarsus Yang, 1997 [ 11] B. enormus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. femoralis Meigen , 1838B. femoraspinatus Yang, 1997 [ 11] B. femoratus Wiedemann , 1820B. ferruginatus (Linnaeus , 1767) B. flavissimus Brunetti , 1925B. fluginata Hardy , 1937B. flukei Hardy , 1937B. fraternus Loew , 1864[ 5] B. fulvicollis Gimmerthal, 1842 B. fumipennis Walker , 1848B. gineri Gil Collado, 1932 B. graecus Duda , 1930B. handlirschi Duda , 1930B. hirtus Loew , 1864[ 5] B. holtii McAtee, 1922 [ 8] B. hortulanus (Linnaeus , 1758 ) B. illaudatus Hardy , 1961B. imitator Walker , 1835B. imparilis Hardy , 1959B. inacqualis Loew , 1864[ 5] B. johannis (Linnaeus , 1767) B. kansensis James, 1936 B. knowltoni Hardy , 1937B. labradorensis Johnson, 1929 B. lanigerus Meigen , 1818B. latiantennatus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. laufferi Strobl , 1906B. lautaretensis Villeneuve , 1925B. lepidus Loew , 1871B. leucopterus (Meigen , 1804) B. lobata Hardy , 1937B. longipes Loew , 1864[ 5] B. lugens Loew , 1864[ 5] B. macer Loew , 1871B. marci (Linnaeus , 1758 ) B. medioalbus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. melanopilosus Hardy , 1936B. mickeli Hardy , 1937B. monstri James, 1936 B. nebulosus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. necotus Hardy , 1937B. nervosus Loew , 1864[ 5] B. nigrifemoratus Hardy , 1937B. nigripilus Loew , 1864B. nigripilus Loew , 1864[ 5] B. nigriventris Haliday , 1833B. obediens Osten Sacken , 1881B. obscurus Loew , 1864[ 5] B. painteri James, 1936 B. pallipes Say , 1823B. picinitarsis Brulle, 1832 B. pingreensis James, 1936 B. plecioides Osten Sacken , 1881B. pomonae (Fabricius , 1775) B. praecidus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. reticulatus Loew , 1846B. rufalipes Hardy , 1937B. rufipes (Zetterstedt , 1838) B. rufithorax Wiedemann , 1828B. rufitibialis Hardy , 1938B. sericata Hardy , 1937B. shaanxiensis Yang & Luo, 1989 [ 7] B. siculus Loew , 1846B. siebkei Mik , 1887B. sierrae Hardy , 1960B. similis Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. similis James, 1936 B. slossonae Cockerell, 1909 B. soldatus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. striatipes Walker , 1848B. tenella Hardy , 1937B. tenuis Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. thoracicus Say , 1824B. townesi Hardy , 1945B. tripus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. tristis Williston , 1893B. utahensis Hardy , 1937B. variabilis Loew , 1864[ 5] B. variicolor Yang & Luo, 1989 [ 7] B. varipes Meigen , 1830B. velcida Hardy , 1937B. velorum McAtee, 1923 [ 8] B. venosus (Meigen , 1804) B. vestitus Walker , 1848B. villosus Meigen , 1818B. vixdus Durrenfeldt, 1968 [ 6] B. xanthopus Wiedemann , 1828B. xuthopteron Hardy , 1968[ 9]
References
^ Freeman, Paul; Lane, Richard P. (1985). Bibionid and Scatopsid flies, Diptera: Bibionidae & Scatopsidae . Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects . Vol. 9. p. 74. ^ Peter Goldblatt; John C. Manning & Peter Bernhardt (July 2005). "The Floral Biology of Melasphaerula (Iridaceae: Crocoideae): Is This Monotypic Genus Pollinated by March Flies (Diptera: Bibionidae)?". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden . 92 (2): 268–274. JSTOR 3298518 . INIST 16975891 . ^ Flies and flowers II: Floral attractants and rewards Woodcock et al. (2014) Journal of Pollination Ecology 12:63-94^ Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers" . Plant Biology . 18 (1): 56–62. doi :10.1111/plb.12328 . PMID 25754608 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Loew, Hermann (1864). "Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria quinta" . Berl. Entomol. Z . 8 (1–2): 49–104. doi :10.1002/mmnd.18640080105 . Retrieved 9 August 2017 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Durrenfeldt, A. (1968). "Dipteren aus dem Oberpliozan von Willershausen". Beih. Ber. Naturhist. Ges. Hannover . 6 : 43–81. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Yang, C.-k.; Luo, K. (1989). "New species and new records of March flies from Shaanxi, China (Diptera: Bibionidae)". Entomotaxonomia . 11 : 141–156. ^ a b c McAtee, W. L. (1923). "Descriptions of Bibio (Diptera) from the Carolinas" . Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington . 25 : 62–64. Retrieved 10 August 2017 . ^ a b Hardy, D. E. (1968). "Bibionidae (Diptera) of New Guinea" (PDF) . Pacific Insects . 10 (3–4): 443–513. Retrieved 12 August 2017 . ^ a b c d Fitzgerald, Scott J. (1997). "A revision of Bibio (Diptera: Bibionidae) of Mexico and Central America". Transactions of the American Entomological Society . 123 (4): 225–287. ^ a b c Yang, C.-k. (1997). Diptera: Bibionidae. Pp. 1441-1447. In Yang, X. (ed.), Insects of the Three Gorge Reservoir area of Yangtze River. Part 2 . Chongqing: Chongqing Publ. House. pp. [4]+x+975–1847+[1].
