Ben Roy Mottelson

Ben Roy Mottelson
Mottelson 1963 in Copenhagen
Born(1926-07-09)9 July 1926
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Died13 May 2022(2022-05-13) (aged 95)
Copenhagen, Denmark
CitizenshipAmerican, Danish
Alma materPurdue University (BS)
Harvard University (PhD)
Known forGeometry of atomic nuclei
Spouse(s)Nancy Jane Reno (1948–1975; 3 children)
Britta Marger Siegumfeldt
​
​
(m. 1983)​
AwardsAtoms for Peace Award (1969)
John Price Wetherill Medal (1974)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1975)
Marian Smoluchowski Medal (1980)
Scientific career
FieldsNuclear physics
InstitutionsNordita
ThesisThe ground states of lithium-6 and lithium-7 (1950)
Doctoral advisorJulian Schwinger

Ben Roy Mottelson (9 July 1926 – 13 May 2022) was an American-Danish nuclear physicist. He won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the non-spherical geometry of atomic nuclei.

Early life

Mottelson was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 9 July 1926, the son of Georgia (Blum) and Goodman Mottelson, an engineer.[1] His family was Jewish.[2] After graduating from Lyons Township High School in La Grange, Illinois, he joined the United States Navy and was sent to attend officers training at Purdue University, where he received a bachelor's degree in 1947. He then earned a PhD in nuclear physics from Harvard University in 1950. His thesis adviser was Julian Schwinger, the theoretical physicist who later won the Nobel Prize in 1965 for his work on quantum electrodynamics.[1]

Career

He moved to Institute for Theoretical Physics (later the Niels Bohr Institute) at the University of Copenhagen on the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship from Harvard, and remained in Denmark. In 1953 he was appointed staff member in CERN's Theoretical Study Group, which was based in Copenhagen,[3] a position he held until he became professor at the newly formed Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita) in 1957. He was a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley in Spring 1959.[4] In 1971 he became a naturalized Danish citizen.[5]

In 1950–1951, James Rainwater and Aage Bohr had developed models of the atomic nucleus which began to take into account the behaviour of the individual nucleons. These models, which moved beyond the simpler liquid drop treatment of the nucleus as having effectively no internal structure, were the first models which could explain a number of nuclear properties, including the non-spherical distribution of charge in certain nuclei. Mottelson worked with Aage Bohr to compare the theoretical models with experimental data. In 1952–1953, Bohr and Mottelson published a series of papers demonstrating close agreement between theory and experiment, for example showing that the energy levels of certain nuclei could be described by a rotation spectrum.[6][7][8][9] This work stimulated new theoretical and experimental studies.

In the summer of 1957, David Pines visited Copenhagen, and introduced Bohr and Mottelson to the pairing effect developed in theories of superconductivity, which inspired them to introduce a similar pairing effect to explain the differences in the energy levels between even and odd atomic nuclei.[10]

Nobel Prize (1975)

Rainwater, Bohr and Mottelson were jointly awarded the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection".[11]

Post–Nobel Prize work

Bohr and Mottelson continued to work together, publishing a two-volume monograph, Nuclear Structure. The first volume, Single-Particle Motion, appeared in 1969,[12][13] and the second volume, Nuclear Deformations, in 1975.[14][15]

Professor Mottelson was a member of the board of sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.[16]

He was an honorary member of the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, a member of the American Philosophical Society,[17] and a foreign fellow of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences[18] and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.[19] In 1969, he received the Atoms for Peace Award.[20] He acted as director of ECT* (Trento, Italy) from 1993 to 1997.[21]

Personal life

Mottelson was a dual citizen, as he held both Danish and American passports. He lived in Copenhagen. Mottelson was married to Nancy Jane Reno from 1948 until her death in 1975, and they had two sons and one daughter. Mottelson then married Britta Marger Siegumfeldt in 1983.[22]

He died on 13 May 2022, in Copenhagen at the age of 95.[23][24][1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c McClain, Dylan Loeb (19 May 2022). "Ben Roy Mottelson Dies at 95; Shed Light on the Shape of Atoms". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  2. ^ "Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Physics". www.jinfo.org. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  3. ^ "Prof. Ben Mottelson". Scholarpedia. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  4. ^ "Ben R. Mottelson – Biographical". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  5. ^ "Ben Roy Mottelson er død" [Ben Roy Mottelson has died]. Politiken. Ritzau. 16 May 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  6. ^ Bohr, Aage (1952). "The Coupling of Nuclear Surface Oscillations to the Motion of Individual Nucleons". Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser. 26 (14). Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters.
  7. ^ Bohr, Aage; Mottelson, Ben R. (1953). "Collective and Individual-Particle aspects of Nuclear Structure". Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser. 27 (16). Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters.
  8. ^ Bohr, Aage; Mottelson, Ben R. (January 1953). "Interpretation of Isomeric Transitions of Electric Quadrupole Type". Physical Review. 89 (1). American Physical Society: 316–317. Bibcode:1953PhRv...89..316B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.89.316.
  9. ^ Bohr, Aage; Mottelson, Ben R. (May 1953). "Rotational States in Even-Even Nuclei". Physical Review. 90 (4). American Physical Society: 717–719. Bibcode:1953PhRv...90..717B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.90.717.2.
  10. ^ Bohr, A.; Mottelson, B. R.; Pines, D. (15 May 1958). "Possible Analogy between the Excitation Spectra of Nuclei and Those of the Superconducting Metallic State". Physical Review. 110 (4). American Physical Society (APS): 936–938. Bibcode:1958PhRv..110..936B. doi:10.1103/physrev.110.936. ISSN 0031-899X.
  11. ^ Nobel prize citation. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved on 18 February 2012.
  12. ^ Bohr, Aage; Mottelson, Ben R. (1969). Nuclear structure. W.A. Benjamin. ISBN 978-0-8053-1016-0.
  13. ^ Breit, G. (September 1970). "Nuclear Structure, Vol. 1, Aage Bohr and Ben R. Mottelson" (Book review). Physics Today. 23 (9): 58–60. doi:10.1063/1.3022342. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  14. ^ Bohr, Aage; Mottelson, Ben R. (1975). Nuclear Structure: Volume II (Nuclear Deformations). Basic Books. ISBN 0-8053-1016-9. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  15. ^ Breit, Gregory; Brown, Gerald E. (March 1977). "Nuclear Structure, Vol. 2: Nuclear Deformations, A. Bohr and B. R. Mottelson" (Book review). Physics Today. 30 (3): 59–62. doi:10.1063/1.3037453. ISSN 0031-9228. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  16. ^ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists – Board of Sponsors Archived 20 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Thebulletin.org. Retrieved on 18 February 2012.
  17. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  18. ^ "List of Fellows of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences". Archived from the original on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
  19. ^ "Gruppe 2: Fysikkfag (herunder astronomi, fysikk og geofysikk)" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  20. ^ Marshak, Robert E. (27 June 1969). "Atoms for Peace Awards: Six scientists are honored for their contributions in development of peaceful uses for the atom". Science. 164 (3887): 1496–1498. doi:10.1126/science.164.3887.1496. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1726917. PMID 17748526. S2CID 4249080. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  21. ^ "ECT* Past Directors". FBK ECT*. European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  22. ^ MTI ki kicsoda. 2009. ISBN 978-963-17-8728-3.
  23. ^ "Ben Roy Mottelson er død" (in Danish). BT.dk. 16 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  24. ^ "Dansk nobelprisvinder er død" (in Danish). Politiken. 16 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.