Arnett, R.H. Jr.; Thomas, M. C., eds. (2000). American Beetles, Volume I: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. CRC Press.
Arnett, Ross H. (2000). American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico. CRC Press.
Bousquet, Yves (2010). Illustrated Identification Guide to Adults and Larvae of Northeastern North American Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Faunistica. Pensoft Publishers. p. 562. ISBN978-9546425225.
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