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Belfast–Dublin Main Line
Belfast–Dublin Main Line
	Enterprise De Dietrich DVT 9004 at Lisburn
Overview
Status	Operational
Locale	Ireland
Termini	Belfast Grand Central; Dublin Connolly;
Stations	8
Service
Type	Commuter rail; Regional rail; Heavy rail
System	Iarnród Éireann; NI Railways
Operator(s)	Iarnród Éireann; NI Railways
Rolling stock	8100 Class; 8500, 8510 and 8520 Classes; 201 Class; 22000 Class; 29000 Class "CxK"; Class 3000 "C3K"; Class 4000 "C4K"; De Dietrich Stock; 071 Class
History
Opened	1876
Technical
Line length	181 kilometres (112 mi)
Number of tracks	Double track
Track gauge	1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) Irish gauge
Electrification	1,500 V DC overhead line (south of Malahide)
Operating speed	90 mph (140 km/h)
Route map
Route map
	Legend
	Year
	closed
	Westlink / Central Junction
	to Lanyon Place
	Banbridge, Lisburn & Belfast Jn Rly
	to Banbridge
	Banbridge Jn Rly
	to Banbridge
	Newry and Armagh Railway
	to Armagh
	Northern Ireland
	Ireland
	Oldcastle branch line
	(freight only)
	Howth Junction
	& Donaghmede
	North Wall Yard
	to Alexandra Road
	Luas Red Line
	to Tallaght and Saggart
	Trans-Dublin Line
	& Rosslare Line
	This diagram: view; talk; edit;

The Belfast–Dublin Line is the busiest railway route on the island of Ireland, connecting Dublin Connolly station in the Republic of Ireland and Belfast Grand Central station in Northern Ireland. It is the only railway line that crosses the Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border.

History

The railway line was built by three separate companies. In 1837 the Ulster Railway began building a railway line between Belfast and Lisburn, which was extended in stages to Portadown in 1842 and as far as Clones by 1863. The Dublin and Drogheda Railway (D&D) built the line between Dublin and Drogheda. The Dublin and Belfast Junction Railway (D&B Jct) linked the Dublin and Drogheda with the Ulster Railway at Portadown. The D&D and the D&B Jct merged in 1875 to form the Northern Railway of Ireland. In 1876 this new company merged with the Ulster Railway and the Irish North Western Railway, forming the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) (GNRI).

The partition of Ireland in 1922 meant that the Irish border passed between Newry and Dundalk, which caused lengthy delays as trains were required to stop at stations on either side of the border for customs examinations. This disruption was eased in 1947 with the opening of facilities for customs checks at Amiens Street station and Great Victoria Street station.

At the same time, the GNRI made its Belfast–Dublin services non-stop with the launch of the Enterprise Express. The GNRI was nationalised by the governments of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland in 1953 as the Great Northern Railway Board, but in 1958 this was split between the Ulster Transport Authority and Córas Iompair Éireann. This led to a running down of rail services in Northern Ireland, leaving only some Belfast commuter lines, the northern route to Derry and the link to Dublin. In 1970 the newly formed NI Railways bought new locomotives and rolling stock for the Belfast–Dublin Enterprise service as well as new diesel multiple units for local services.

Upgrades

In 2000, the government of the Republic of Ireland developed a National Development Plan, which has seen major investment in infrastructure. Almost the entire railway network, including the Belfast–Dublin line as far as the border, has been upgraded to continuous welded rail, while signalling is controlled using the Centralised Traffic Control system located at Dublin Connolly station.^{[citation needed]}

In addition, in 1997, a set of new De Dietrich Stock coaches were purchased jointly by Northern Ireland Railways and Iarnród Éireann to operate a revamped Enterprise service along with the new Class 201 locomotives.^[1]

High-speed rail proposal

In 2020 the Irish Government confirmed it will be launching a study into an approximately 500 km (310 mi) high-speed railway from Belfast via Dublin to Cork and Limerick,^[2] which could cost around €15 billion.^[3]

Services

In addition to the inter-city service between Belfast and Dublin, both NIR and IÉ operate local services along the route. NIR operates local services along the northern half of the line (see Belfast–Newry line) between Belfast and Lisburn, Portadown and Newry, while IE operates its Commuter services between Dublin and Dundalk Clarke as part of the Dublin Suburban Rail network. In addition, the line between Dublin Connolly and Malahide is electrified and forms part of the DART network.^{[citation needed]}

One early morning weekday IÉ Commuter stopping service also operates from Newry to Dublin Connolly and returns to Newry in the evening.^{[citation needed]}

The line is also used by rail passengers changing at Dublin Connolly onto the DART and also by connecting bus travelling to Dublin Port for the Irish Ferries or Stena Line to Holyhead and then by train along the North Wales Coast Line to London Euston and other destinations in England and Wales.^[4]

Dublin to Belfast intercity

Monday to Saturday 8 trains in each direction Sunday 5 trains in each direction

Services reach a maximum operational speed 90 mph (145 km/h) in certain sections of the route.^[5]

Simulation

The route has been released as a commercial add on for Microsoft Train Simulator by Making Tracks. It was released in two sections, part one covering Lanyon Place to Dundalk,^[6] with part two covering the section from Dundalk to Dublin. It is set during the 2000s.^[7]