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Bayundur
Bayındır
	Tamgha of Bayundur, which represents Falcon according Mahmud al-Kashgari
Regions with significant populations
	Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Turkmenistan
Languages
	Oghuz Turkic
Religion
	Islam
Related ethnic groups
	Oghuz Turks

The Bayandur (Azerbaijani: Bayandur, Turkish: Bayındır, Turkmen: Baýyndyr) or Bayundur, is an Oghuz Turkic tribe. Originally one of the 7 original tribes that made up the Kimek–Kipchak confederation, they later joined the Oghuz Turks.^[1] The Bayandur originated from Central Asia.

History

The Bayandur are known from Arab and Persian sources.^[2]

The Bayandur was one of the 7 original tribes that made up the Kimek confederation, along with the Imur^[3]/Imi,^[4] Imak^[3]^[4] Tatar, Kipchak, Lanikaz and Ajlad.^[5] The Kimek tribes originated in the Central Asian steppes, and had migrated to the territory of present-day Kazakhstan.^[3] The Bayandur, as part of the Kimek, were mentioned by Gardizi.^[6]

The Bayandur left the Kimek and joined the Oghuz. After disintegrating, half of the tribe united with the Kipchaks.^[1] While part of the Oghuz, they were mentioned by Kashgari.^[6] They were described in the Russian Annals on 11th-century events while part of the Kipchaks.^[2]

Aq Qoyunlu

The Aq Qoyunlu was referred to as Bayanduriyye in Iranian^[7]^[8] and Ottoman sources.^[9] Their Sultans claimed descent from Bayindir Khan, which was a grandson of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary ancestor of Oghuz Turks.^[10]

Professor G. L. Lewis:^[11]

The Ak-koyunlu Sultans claimed descent from Bayindir Khan and it is likely, on the face of it, that the Book of Dede Korkut was composed under their patronage. The snag about this is that in the Ak-koyunlu genealogy Bayindir's father is named as Gok ('Sky') Khan, son of the eponymous Oghuz Khan, whereas in our book he is named as Kam Ghan, a name otherwise unknown. In default of any better explanation, I therefore incline to the belief that the book was composed before Ak-koyunlu rulers had decided who their ancestors where. It was in 1403 that they ceased to be tribal chiefs and became Sultans, so we may assume that their official genealogy was formulated round about that date.

Uzun Hasan used to assert the claim that he was an "honorable descendant of Oghuz Khan and his grandson, Bayandur Khan". In a letter dating to the year 1470, which was sent to Şehzade Bayezid, the-then governor of Amasya, Uzun Hasan wrote that those from the Bayandur and Bayat tribes, as well as other tribes that belonged to the "Oghuz il", and formerly inhabited Mangyshlak, Khwarazm and Turkestan, came and served in his court. He also made the tamga of the Bayandur tribe the symbol of his state. For this reason, the Bayandur tamga is found in Aq Qoyunlu coins, their official documents, inscriptions and flags.^[12]

Bayundur today

Today in Turkmenistan, there is a village called Baýyndyroý in the Konye-Urgench district of the Daşoguz Region and a spring called Bagandar in Magtymguly District of the Balkan Region. There are also urugs (small clans) called Baýyndyr among the Turkmen tribes of Gökleň and Çandyr.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b Elena Vladimirovna Boĭkova; R. B. Rybakov (2006). Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Moscow 10-15 July, 2005. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 54–. ISBN 978-3-447-05416-4.
^ ^a ^b Pletneva 1990.
^ ^a ^b ^c Agajanov 1992, p. 69.
^ ^a ^b Kimball 1994.
^ See Agajanov 1992, p. 69 and Kimball 1994
^ ^a ^b Bosworth 2017.
^ Seyfettin Erşahin (2002). Akkoyunlular: siyasal, kültürel, ekonomik ve sosyal tarih (in Turkish). p. 317.
^ Faruk Sümer. "Akkoyunlular" (in Turkish). TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi.
^ International Journal of Turkish Studies - Volumes 4-5. University of Wisconsin. 1987. p. 272.
^ Cornell H. Fleischer (1986). Bureaucrat and intellectual in the Ottoman Empire. p. 287.
^ H. B. Paksoy (1989). Alpamysh: Central Asian Identity Under Russian Rule. p. 84.
^ Faruk Sümer (1988–2016). "UZUN HASAN (ö. 882/1478) Akkoyunlu hükümdarı (1452-1478).". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.
^ Ataniyazov, S. The Genealogy of the Turkmens (in Turkmen). Turan-1 Publishing House, Ashgabat, 1994. p. 61

Sources

Agajanov, S. G. (1992). "The States of the Oghuz, the Kimek and the Kipchak". History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume IV: The Age of Achievement AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 61–76. ISBN 978-81-208-1595-7.
Bosworth, C. Edmund (15 May 2017). The Turks in the Early Islamic World. Taylor & Francis. pp. 192–. ISBN 978-1-351-88087-9.
Kimball, L. (1994). The Vanished Kimak Empire. Western Washington U. pp. 371–373.
Pletneva, S.A. (1990). Kipchaks. Moscow: Nauka. p. 74. ISBN 5-02-009542-7.