Battle of Tonlé Sap

Battle of Tonlé Sap
Part of Khmer–Cham wars

Relief at Bayon temple
Date13 June 1177[1]
Location
Tonlé Sap
Result Panduranga victory
Belligerents
Khmer Empire Champa
Commanders and leaders
Tribhuvanadityavarman Jaya Indravarman IV
Strength
Unknown Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown Unknown

The Battle of Tonlé Sap[2] (French: Bataille de Tonlé Sap) took place between Champa and the Khmer Empire in 1177.

Background

Under Suryavarman II (reigned 1113–1150), the Khmer kingdom united internally,[3] and the largest temple of Angkor, Angkor Wat, dedicated to the god Vishnu, was built in a period of 37 years. In the east, his campaigns against Champa and Annam were unsuccessful,[4] though he did sack Vijaya in 1145 and depose Jaya Indravarman III.[5] The Khmers occupied Vijaya until 1149, when they were driven out by Jaya Harivarman I.[6] Suryavarman II sent a mission to the Chola dynasty of south India and presented a precious stone to the Chola emperor Kulothunga Chola I in 1114.[7][8]

Another period followed, in which kings reigned briefly and were violently overthrown by their successors. Finally in 1177, the Angkor capital was raided and looted in a naval battle on the Tonlé Sap lake by a Cham fleet under king Jaya Indravarman IV,[1] and Tribhuvanadityavarman, ruler of Angkor, was killed.[9][10]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b Golzio 2021, p. 29.
  2. ^ The Bayon bas-relief depicts a battle on the Tonlé Sap lake, Angkor Thom
  3. ^ Higham 2004, p. 113.
  4. ^ Higham 2004, p. 114.
  5. ^ Maspero 2002, p. 75–56.
  6. ^ Coedès 1968, p. 160.
  7. ^ Kulke & Rothermund 1998, p. 125.
  8. ^ Prakash & Lombard 1999, p. 29–30.
  9. ^ Maspero 2002, p. 78.
  10. ^ Coedès 1968, p. 164.

Bibliography

  • Aymonier, Etienne (1893). The History of Tchampa (the Cyamba of Marco Polo, Now Annam Or Cochin-China). Oriental University Institute.
  • Coedès, George (1968). Vella, Walter F. (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  • Golzio, Karl-Heinz (2021). "The rise of the Angkorian Empire in reality and in the imagination of the 11th century: How it became the paramount power". Journal of Global Archaeology: 1–38. doi:10.34780/a11-ef6n.
  • Higham, Charles (2004). The Civilization of Angkor. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24218-0.
  • Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (1998). A History of India. Routledge. ISBN 0-41515-482-0.
  • Maspero, Georges (2002). The Champa Kingdom. White Lotus Co., Ltd.
  • Prakash, Om; Lombard, Denys (1999). Commerce and Culture in the Bay of Bengal, 1500-1800. Manohar.
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